Hoa Binh Province Research Articles

DETERMINATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BASING ON SOLAR RADIATION IN HOA BINH PROVINCE

In the management, planning of agro-forestry and water resources, the determination of evapotranspiration is extremely important, evapotranspiration (ET) is a parameter that needs to be determined in many practical applications. The content of the article presents 4 methods to determine the amount of evapotranspiration: Turn (1961), McGuinness and Bordne (1972), Makkink (1957), Doorenbos and Pruitt (1977). All methods use meteorological data directly measured at hydro-meteorological stations in Hoa Binh province to calculate the value of solar radiation energy to estimate the average daily evapotranspiration. The results of evapotranspiration calculation by the methods are compared and the accuracy is evaluated based on direct measurement data at hydro-meteorological stations in the province. Applying the formula to calculate ET according to the following methods: Turn (1961), McGuinness and Bordne (1972), Makkink (1957), Doorenbos and Pruitt (1977), obtained ET values ​​of 6.2 mm, 6.3 mm, 8.1 mm, 9.3 mm, respectively. Mean square error of evapotranspiration at meteorological stations calculated by the methods of Turn (1961), McGuinness and Bordne (1972), Makkink (1957), Doorenbos and Pruitt (1977), compared with the average evapotranspiration at meteorological stations measured directly is 2.1 mm, 1.9 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.9 mm respectively. The study shows that Makkink (1957) method with coefficients a = 0.9, b = 0 is suitable for calculating evapotranspiration at Hoa Binh area.

First record of the bee genus Bathanthidium (Bathanthidium s. str.) Mavromoustakis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) from Vietnam: Description of a new species and a key to species

The little-known bee genusBathanthidiumMavromoustakis, 1953 of the family Megachilidae is reported for the first time from Vietnam. A new species,Bathanthidium(Bathanthidium s. str.) paco Tran & Nguyen,sp. nov.from Hoa Binh province is described and illustrated. A nest of the new species is reported from a wooden house. An updated identification key to all known species of the subgenus Bathanthidium s. str. is also provided.

Identifying Stakeholders’ Roles in Implementation of Payment for Forest Environmental Services in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam

The policy of payment for forest environmental services (PFES) has been implemented in Vietnam since 2011 and in Hoa Binh province since 2013. Governmental agencies have conventionally implemented PFES at central, provincial, and district levels. However, there areshared responsibilitiesof the governmental organizations and otherstakeholders at different levels in reality. Using social network analysis (SNA) indicators shows that the provincial Forest Forest Protection and Development Fundplays the most important role among involving stakeholders. Both density and centrality measurements have shown that the stakeholders in the PFES implementation network in Hoa Binh province have good coherence. Additionally,district-level governmental organizations and Viettel TelecomCompany have showntheir powerlessnessin the policy implementation network

Nesting biology of Pareumenes quadrispinosus (de Saussure, 1855) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) in trap nests in North Vietnam

• Pareumenes quadrispinosus is a common species using trap nests in North Vietnam. • The nests are built from mid-April to last October. • The number of provisioned cells in a nest is one to four. • Brood cells were provisioned with caterpillars. • It is multivoltine, with two alternative life histories and overlapping generations. Nests of Pareumenes quadrispinosus (de Saussure, 1855) were obtained at Me Linh Station for Biodiversity (323 nests) and Tam Dao Town (283 nests), Vinh Phuc Province, as well as at Phu Luong, Thai Nguyen Province (9 nests) and Kim Boi, Hoa Binh Province (62 nests). The wasps nested in segments of bamboo canes and reed stems, 5 to 18 mm in internal diameter. Each nest consisted of a linear series of one to four cells, separated by mud partitions. Brood cells were provisioned with caterpillars and eggs were attached to the ceiling of the cells by thin threads. The life history and sex ratio of this species nesting in trap nests in North Vietnam were recorded from mid-April to last October. The species is multivoltine, with likely up to four generations per year. It has two alternative life histories (diapause and direct development) and overlapping generations. The sex ratio is strongly female-biased. Only 46% of the provisioned cells were successful; the others were damaged by nine parasitoid species or died during development for unknown reasons.

Changes in the Daily Life of Muong Ethnic Households Today (Through Research in Yen Lap Commune, Cao Phong District and Du Sang Commune, Kim Boi District, Hoa Binh Province)

The improvement in living standards among households of ethnic minorities has always been a prioritized issue in Vietnam's socio-economic development. According to the statistics about ethnic groups across the country, the Kinh make up 86,0% of the population, and the next respective largest groups are Tay, Thai, Muong, Khmer, Nung, Mong and Dao, which collectively account for about 10% of the total population [1]. The Muong ethnic group has the most concentrated population in Hoa Binh province, they are interspersed with Kinh and other ethnic groups, mainly in mountainous districts such as Mai Chau, Kim Boi, and Cao Phong,… Despite the support from the State's policies, the lives of a number of households in these regions still face many difficulties. Therefore, through quantitative and qualitative research, with subjects being Muong ethnic households in two communes Yen Lap, Cao Phong district and Du Sang commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province, this research aims at perceiving, providing a general outlook at the current living conditions of Muong ethnic households, as well as the changes in their daily life compared to the previous period.

Learning Lessons of Thanh HOA Province in Building Ecotourism Models FROM some Locals of Vietnam

The mountainous area to the west of Thanh Hoa province is a land with many advantages in terms of rich and diverse natural resources, including forest resources, mountains, lakes, waterfalls, caves and many landscapes and landmarks. To conserve tourism resources at tourist destinations, for sustainable development, and at the same time to encourage and create opportunities for local people to participate, over the years, eco-cultural tourism and ethnic groups in many localities throughout the country: Lac Village – Mai Chau (Hoa Binh province), Ba Be National Park (Bac Kan province), Sin Chai – Sa Pa (Lao Cai province), Buon Don (Dak Lak province)… With the content of this article, the author will focus on giving lessons learned based on actual research in localities to apply to Thanh Hoa province of Vietnam.

Diversity of Terrestrial Molluscs in Ngoc Son-Ngo Luong Nature Reserve, Hoa Binh Province (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

Ngoc Son-Ngo Luong Nature Reserve composes of a large variety of natural habitats, such as limestone forest, limestone karsts, caves and isolated limestone hills. Therefore, this area is expected to have a high species diversity, especially for the terrestrial molluscs. A total of 56 species was recorded, of which 12 were recorded in Hoa Binh Province for the first time. The data on terrestrial molluscs in this study could be considered as a scientific basis to carry on systematic research.

Assessing Impacts of Payment for Forest Environmental Service Policy in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam

The policy of payment for forest environmental services (PFES) has been implemented in Vietnam since 2011 and in Hoa Binh province since 2013. This policy has had certain impacts on improvement of local people living standard as well as on forest protection and development. Based on secondary and primary information collected in Mai Chau district, Da Bac district and Hoa Binh city, this paper analyzes the economic, social and environmental impacts of PFES on the forestry sector in general and forest owners in particular. The study showed that although money that was received from PFES by households was very small in their overall income, revenue of Commune People’s Committees communities was so large that it could help them to purchase equipment for forest protection and development. Thanks to PFES, forest area and forest cover rate of Hoa Binh province have been markedly increased.

Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Lisotrigona cacciae propolis collected in Hoa Binh province

A chemical study on the propolis of the stingless bee Lisotrigona cacciae collected from Hoa Binh province led to the isolation of four compounds including cycloartenol (1), cochinchinone A (2), α-mangostin (3), and isomangiferolic acid (4). Mangifera indica (Xoài) and Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Thành Ngạnh Nam) were suggested to be the resin sources of the propolis. The propolis EtOH extract showed good antimicrobial activity against the Gram (+) strains B. cereus with an MIC value of 8 μg/ml. Among the isolated compounds, α-mangostin (3) was the most active and displayed strong activity against the five strains B. cereus, E. feacalis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and the fungus C. albicans with MIC values of 1-2 μg/ml.

Impacts of Simulated Acid Rain on the Growth and the Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the Mountains of Northern Vietnam

In the mountains of Northern Vietnam, frequent and intense acid rain affects the crops. This paper assesses the impacts of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the growth and the yield of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Hoa Binh province. A field study in the summer–autumn seasons in 2017 (from May to August) in an area of 189 square meters was arranged according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three repetitions including six treatments and a control. The experimental area was protected from ambient rain. Soybean plants were exposed three times a week to SAR at pH 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 (control). The results show that the growth parameters such as germination rate, stem length, and the number of main branches of the plants dramatically decreased in a dose–effect experiment. Gradual declines in the chlorophyll content (indirectly determined by SPAD) and the leaf area index (LAI) were observed as the acidity increased. The actual yield and yield components also tended to decrease when the pH of the rainwater fell, especially in the experimental plots treated at pH 3.0. The growth and yield of soybean were adversely affected when the plants were exposed to simulated acid rain, especially from a pH value of 3.5 and lower. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of acid rain on the growth and the yield of soybean grown in the mountains of Northern Vietnam.

Indigenous residents, tourism knowledge exchange and situated perceptions of tourism

This study investigates how interactions with tourism knowledge varieties affect indigenous hosts’ perceptions of tourism and regulate perceived tourism values. Diffusion and adult learning theories underpin the foundation of the study. Utilising a qualitative approach and a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology, this study takes Hoa Binh province (Vietnam) as the study context. Fifteen indigenous hosts from the Muong, an ethnic minority group from this province, were interviewed using life-focus, story-telling techniques. The interviewees shared their experience of judging and absorbing varied tourism know-how. They also expressed their perceptions of tourism and justified their evaluations on tourism values. The data was then analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The findings suggest the role of not-for-profit supporters in informing a sustainable expectation set for indigenous hosts about nuanced tourism impacts, thereby positively influencing their perceptions of tourism. The potential of the hermeneutic phenomenological methodology in gauging both manifest and latent layers of indigenous hosts’ perceptions of tourism is also argued. Finally, the research contributes to the ideological debates about the decolonialisation of community-based tourism development and in research with indigenous communities from an Asian context.

Spatial prediction of landslides along National Highway-6, Hoa Binh province, Vietnam using novel hybrid models

Landslides are considered to be a significant risk to life and property all over the world in general and in Vietnam in particular. Spatial prediction of landslides is required to reduce the landslides risk and to plan the development of hilly areas. In this regard, the accurate landslide susceptibility maps are very useful tool for decision-makers to identify areas where new landslides are likely to occur for planning timely adequate remedial measures. For the development of landslide susceptibility maps, seven hybrid models were developed namely AdaBoost-LMT (ABLMT), bagging-LMT (BLMT), cascade generalization-LMT (CGLMT), dagging-LMT (DLMT), MultiBoostAB-LMT (MBLMT), rotation forest-LMT (RFLMT) and random sub-space-LMT (RSSLMT) with logistic model trees (LMTs) as a base classifier. The model’s performance and validation were assessed through various statistical indices, such as sensitivity (SST), specificity (SPF), accuracy (ACC), area under ROC curve (AUC), RMSE and k index. The results show that all these models are performing well for the prediction of landslide susceptibility in the study area, but the performance of the RSSLMT model is the best (AUC: 0.816). In this study, open-source data has been used for the development of landslide susceptibility maps Along National Highway-6, passing through Hoa Binh province, Vietnam. These approaches can be applied also in other hilly regions of the world which are susceptible to landslides for better landslides prevention and management.

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Sugars on Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Cell Cultures

Background: Belonging to the Boraginacae family, Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor., called “Xa den”, is a precious medicinal plant also known as the “cancer tree” by the Muong ethnic group in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam. Xa den has been demonstrated to inhibit the development of malignant tumors, reduce oxidation and enhance the human immune system. This research focused on examining friable callus induction from young stems of Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Methods: Samples of Xa den were less than two years old. Young stems with 2 to 6 leaves served as explants for callus induction. Explants placed on autoclaved B5 nutrients incubated at 25oC, in the dark. The testing factors were concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl adenine (BA), types and concentrations of sugars.Result: Friable callus was induced on B5 medium with 0.4 mg/L of 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L of BA and 30 g/L of glucose at the highest rate (100%). Additionally, callus grew best after 5 weeks of culture weighing 0.194 g. Friable callus was used as material for cell suspension cultures. After two weeks, the Xa den cell suspension cultures contained single cells and small cell clumps. The liquid medium had changed from dark yellow to light brown.

Key factors influencing forest tree planting decisions of households: A case study in Hoa Binh province, Vietnam

ABSTRACT In coping with significant deforestation, forest degradation, and a lack of raw materials for the wood processing industry, currently in Hoa Binh province, massive reforestation projects have been implemented. However, when remarkable attempts and investments have been made in reforestation, interaction of household characteristics, socio-economic and institutional factors with small-scale forest tree planting decision are still little understood in Vietnam in general and in the study area in particular. In this study, 250 households of 2 districts, namely Cao Phong and Kim Boi, in Hoa Binh province were surveyed on factors influencing forest tree planting decision by households. We found that five main factors – including attitude to forest tree planting, knowledge of household head on silviculture, investment capital, participation in forest programs, and age of household head – significantly influenced forest tree planting decision by households in the study area.

Construction Aggregates and Environmental Policy Integration in a One-Party State: The Case of Hoa Binh, Vietnam

In fast growing economies, rapid urbanization generates high demand for construction aggregates in the rural hinterland of cities. Their extraction often causes negative repercussions on the environment. In Vietnam, the central government has made strong efforts to incorporate environmental objectives in the aggregate mining sector, and, in a one-party state, it has powerful means to implement its policies. Nevertheless, adverse environmental effects of aggregate mining are visible throughout the country. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to identify barriers for environmental policy integration in a one-party state. The aggregates industry in Hoa Binh Province, located in the hinterland of the fast growing capital Hanoi, is taken as a case. Methods of the study, which was conducted between 2015 and 2019, include literature review, document and data analysis, interviews, group discussions for information collection and validation of results, and site visits. Six environmental policy integration barriers are derived from the literature. They form the conceptual basis for explaining difficulties of environmental policy implementation and integration in the concrete case. The study demonstrates that the following factors provide a viable concept for analyzing deficits of environmental policy integration in a fast modernizing one-party state: (a) the prevalence of top-down approaches with insufficient trigger-down effects, (b) the predominance of socioeconomic over environmental objectives, (c) weak incentives to improve environmental performance, (d) fragmented environmental planning and implementation, (e) weak institutional control mechanisms on lower levels of government, and (f) compliance oriented public participation and deficient compensation mechanisms. These are potential entry points for coping with environmental challenges of growth oriented sector policies.

Effects of plant growth regulators, mineral medium, and pH values on the callus induction of young stem cutting slices of Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor.

Xa den (Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor.) belongs to the Boraginaceae family, which is a precious medicine, called “cancer” tree in Muong at Hoa Binh province traditional medicine. Xa den was shown to inhibit the development of malignant tumors, reduce oxidation, enhance resistance... In this study, we investigated the induction of friable callus in Xa den young stem section that could be further used to the culture cell suspension and produce bioactive compounds. In that, we focussed on the effects of the plant growth regulators, mineral media, and pH on the formation of friable callus of Xa den. The results showed that all treatments stimulated the formation of callus from Xa den thin stem (0.5-1.0 mm). In particular, samples which were cultured in B5 medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L BA, at pH 5.8 produced the highest percentage of secondary callus in friable (85%), and this callus also had highest fresh weight after 4 weeks of culture (0.054 g). To evaluate the presence of natural compounds in the callus and compared to those in cultivated plants, the ethanol extract of dry leaves, branches, and fresh callus were used. The results showed the presence of natural compounds in the callus such as organic acid, phenolic, tannin, alkaloid, and flavonoid was similar to the one in a 2-year-old plant.

Two new species of Hemiphyllodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam.

We describe two new species of the genus Hemiphyllodactylus on the basis of a new collection of geckos from limestone karst forest of Hoa Binh Province, northwestern Vietnam. Hemiphyllodactylus bonkowskii sp. nov. from Hang Kia-Pa Co Nature Reserve and Hemiphyllodactylus ngocsonensis sp. nov. from Ngoc Son-Ngo Luong Nature Reserve can be distinguished from each other and from their congeners by genetic distinction and morphological differences in circumnasal scales, chin scales, precloacal and femoral pores, cloacal spurs, dorsal scales, ventral scales, digital lamellae formula, and color pattern. In phylogenetic analyses, both new species are nested in a clade that includes H. dushanensis, H. flaviventris, H. hongkongensis, H. huishuiensis, H. kiziriani, H. serpispecus, and H. zugi. In terms of pairwise genetic distance, the two new species are at least 7.5%-8.5% divergent from other described species based on a fragment of the ND2 gene.

The contribution of non-timber forest products to the livelihoods of forest-dependent people: a case study in Hoa Binh province, Vietnam

ABSTRACT In Vietnam, most research has addressed important ecological and biological aspects of NTFPs, but research on the relationship between NTFPs and livelihoods of rural households is still limited. This research, therefore, seeks to fill a gap in understanding of the contribution of NTFPs to the livelihoods of forest-dependent people in Vietnam. Structured interviews were held with 100 households in three villages in Truong Son commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam with different types of household wealth ranking. The indirect opportunity cost (IOC) method was applied to provide an indirect estimate of the economic value of NTFP extraction by households. This research showed that NTFPs contribute moderately to livelihoods of all forest-dependent people in Vietnam, but that NTFPs are a more important livelihood source for poor households than for moderate and rich households. Significant determinants of a household’s dependence on NTFPs are the number of adults, other types of cash income (e.g. off-farm cash income, animal husbandry cash income, other forest activities cash income, pension, and salaries). The research findings suggest several implications for policymakers.

Land Improvement Solutions: Afforestation and Planting Fruit Trees and Short-Term Crops after Mine Closure in Luong Son District, Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam

Luong Son is a district to the east gateway of Hoa Binh province, adjacent to Hanoi the capital and the northwest of Vietnam. Against the background of the rapidly expanding natural resources exploitation, a lack of experience in the general management of resources is obvious. The problem of serious environmental pollution occurs due to the increase of mining activities. This is especially true in mining areas located near fast-growing urban areas. In particular, after the end of the exploitation and mine closure, there is a need to improve and recover the environmental conditions in order to protect untapped mineral reserves and to keep the exploitation site in a sustainable status. This includes questions of environmental safety and soil recovery within the affected areas. This article deals with 2 types of land improvement and restoration in Luong Son district: (1) designing a method for land improvement by afforestation and (2) designing a method for land improvement by planting fruit trees and short-term crops.

How to Boost People's Satisfaction of The Public Administrative Services’ Quality: Research In Lien Hoa, Lac Thuy, Hoa Binh, Vietnam

This article examines people's satisfaction of the quality of public administrative services mainly based on the research in Lien Hoa Commune, Lac Thuy District, HoaBinh Province, Vietnam. Its objective is aimed at finding out the current situation of people's satisfaction of the quality of public administrative services as well as factors affecting the quality of public administrative services. To do so, both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods are used to identify factors affecting the quality of public administrative services. Data includes both primary and secondary data sources. Secondary data are collected through published books, newspapers, reports, and research documents. Primary data are collected through a survey of 150 people at different demographic criteria who were provided with public services in Lien Hoa commune, Lac Thuy district, HoaBinh province via Google Drive tool. With the method of linear regression analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the authors have pointed out 4 factors that have significant influence on satisfaction of the quality of public administrative services including (1) material facilities; (2) staff competency; (3) administrative procedure; (4) customer trust in the area. Based on the research results, the authors have proposed several solutions to improve the quality of public administrative services in Lien Hoa Commune in particular and the country in general to aim at boosting people's satisfaction.