HIV-positive Male Research Articles

Toxic-Induced Encephalopathy Following Chemsex in a Young HIV-Positive Male: A Complex Case of Acute Cognitive Impairment with Anterograde Amnesia and Behavioral Alterations.

A broadened clinical spectrum of concomitant complications emerges among the escalating incidence of substance use, particularly within the 'chemsex' context. This case exemplifies the profound neurotoxic repercussions and neurological risk of chemsex in a young HIV-positive male and addresses the multifaceted challenges of such evolving paradigms in substance utilization. After consuming cannabis, poppers, methamphetamine, and cocaine, a 28-year-old HIV-positive male exhibited significant neurological and cognitive impairment. The initial presentation included dysarthria and profound anterograde amnesia. Laboratory findings showed leukocytosis with a PCR of 3mg/dl - elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein levels with no cells. Urine toxicology returned positive for cannabis and amphetamines. A brain CT scan revealed bilateral and symmetrical hippocampi and pale globes hypodensity, indicative of toxic-metabolic encephalopathy. MRI further identified lesions in the globus pallidus, cerebellum, and hippocampi. Following the detection of toxic encephalopathy, Initial neuropsychological was performed screening using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), which highlighted immediate memory deficits. An in-depth neuropsychological assessment conducted 3weeks later included the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and tests for visuospatial skills, motor functions, and memory recall. The evaluations revealed pronounced anterograde amnesia, persistent long-term memory inconsistencies, and notable executive function challenges, detailed in Table 1. The detailed analysis of this case underpins the severe neurological consequences that can manifest from heavy substance use. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluations, including neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessments, are crucial in elucidating the full spectrum of substance-induced cognitive impairments. There is an urgent need for enhanced public awareness and preventative measures, especially in the context of chemsex, to bring forth multifaceted health, social, and government implications that modern society must adeptly navigate.

An Atypical Cutaneous and Histopathological Manifestation of Secondary Syphilis in an HIV-Positive Male: A Case Report

We present an atypical case of secondary syphilis concomitant with condyloma lata in an HIV-positive male. The patient presented with lesions on his lateral neck, soles, and palms. Spirochetes were examined on the biopsy of the palm, consistent with secondary syphilis, but not on the biopsy from the neck. The lesion on the neck was diagnosed as an evolving secondary syphilis lesion due to the extent of the lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, presence of acanthosis and epidermal hyperplasia, the accompanying diagnosis of secondary syphilis on the palm, the patient’s history of HIV, and the related diagnosis of condyloma lata on the dorsal shaft of the penis. Following this diagnosis, the patient was referred to an infectious disease specialist who treated him with a single intramuscular injection of 2.4 million units of benzathine penicillin, per CDC guidelines. This case highlights the importance of clinicians taking into consideration a variety of factors when diagnosing and treating cutaneous disorders with a broad-spectrum differential diagnosis, particularly in at-risk individuals.

Disseminated Herpes Zoster Presenting as Ogilvie Syndrome with Associated Pneumonia and Hepatitis in a Newly Diagnosed HIV Positive Male

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes primary infection with varicella (chickenpox) a self-limiting diffuse vesicular rash and establishes latency in dorsal root ganglia. Reactivation of VZV results in a dermatomal vesicular rash known as herpes zoster. In the immunocompromised population, herpes zoster can develop into disseminated disease involving the sensory, peripheral and enteric nervous systems and be associated with extracutaneous manifestations. In this case report, we describe a HIV infected male presenting with Ogilvie syndrome in presence of disseminated herpes zoster with associated pneumonia and hepatitis.

Nannizziopsis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Patient with HIV: First Reported Case

We describe the case of a 35-year-old HIV-positive male of African origin diagnosed with neurotoxoplasmosis and a Nannizziopsis spp. cavitating pulmonary lesion unmasking immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).The patient presented with headache, left hemiparesis and confusion. MRI of the brain showed two space-occupying lesions in the right basal ganglia and left parietal lobe typical for neurotoxoplasmosis. The patient tested positive for HIV and had advanced CD4 lymphopenia. After commencement of antiretroviral treatment, a CT scan of the chest showed a cavitating lesion in the right upper lobe. The diagnosis of Nannizziopsis spp. fungal infection was confirmed by DNA sequencing on a bronchial wash sample. The patient achieved complete recovery with antiretroviral therapy, standard neurotoxoplasmosis treatment and antifungal treatment with voriconazole for 12 weeks.LEARNING POINTSAIDS patients at risk of multiple concomitant opportunistic infections present a significant diagnostic challenge.Unusual pathologies should also be considered in addition to the most common opportunistic pathogens, especially in the context of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Papules and nodules on the knees in an HIV-positive male

Papules and nodules on the knees in an HIV-positive male

A Case of Psoriasis in an HIV Positive Male

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Merchant OF, Shandera WX (2015) A Case of Psoriasis in an HIV Positive Male. Clin Med Rev Case Rep 2:052 Received: April 22, 2015: Accepted: August 27, 2015: Published: August 29, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Merchant OF. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. A Case of Psoriasis in an HIV Positive Male

Protein-Losing Enteropathy and Lytic Bone Lesions in an HIV-positive Male

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is considered one of the most common neoplasms in HIV-positive patients. Herein we report a case of an HIV-positive man diagnosed 6 years prior who had never received highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) who presented with anasarca and cutaneous KS. The patient was found to have significant hypoalbuminemia in the setting of normal renal and liver function. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)and fecal alpha-1antitrypsin assay revealed that the patient had a protein-losing enteropathy secondary to gastrointestinal involvement ofKS. Additionally, a vertebral body biopsy of a lytic bone lesion found on computed tomography (CT) scan revealed osseous involvement of KS. Our patient provides an interesting case of diffuse KS, a fairly uncommon presentation as many patients now receive HAART and osseous involvement is rare. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is considered one of the most common neoplasms in HIV-positive patients. Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid-1990s, there has been a significant decrease in both the riskofdevelopingKS1aswell as the incidenceof this disease.2,3 Numerous reports of AIDS-related KS illustrate its diffuse nature as it can involve the skin, lungs,gastrointestinal tract, liver, and spleen.4-9 In rare instance, KS can involve the bones.4 A 24-year-oldHispanicmalewith a six year history of HIV who had never received HAART presented with increasing lower extremity swelling over the last three months. The swelling had spread to his thighs and inguinal region involving the scrotum, and it had progressed to thepoint that hewasunable tourinate. He reported a history of intermittent fevers, difficulty swallowing, hemoptysis, hematemesis, loosewatery stools, andbright redbloodper rectum. At the time of admission, his vitals were stable and he appeared cachectic. On physical exam, there was 3+ pitting edema in the lower Protein-Losing Enteropathy and Lytic Bone Lesions in an HIV-positive Male 1University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 2Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA Lauren S. Marshall, MS1; Wilson Tong, MD2,3; Chaitali S. Nangia, MD2,3

Cocaine-Associated Rhabdomyolysis in a Young, HIV-Positive Male: A Case Report

Cocaine-Associated Rhabdomyolysis in a Young, HIV-Positive Male: A Case Report

Limbic Encephalitis Caused By Neurospyhilis in a HIV-Positive Male: Case Report and Review

Neurosyphilis can present with a wide range of different presentations. For this reason, it has been called the “the great imitator”. Limbic encephalitis mimicking HSV encephalitis is an under recognized manifestation of neurosyphilis. Co-infection with HIV may alter the course of neurosyphilis and cause more atypical and aggressive presentations to occur. The author presents a case of mesial temporal encephalitis caused by neurosyphilis in a man with concomitant HIV infection. A review of the literature shows that this is not a sparse presentation of neurosyphilis. The pathophysiology and clinical implications are reviewed.

High prevalence of low bone mass and associated factors in Korean HIV‐positive male patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy

IntroductionLow bone mass is prevalent in HIV-positive patients. However, compared to Western countries, less is known about HIV-associated osteopenia in Asian populations.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional survey in Seoul National University Hospital from December 2011 to May 2012. We measured bone mineral density using central dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, with consent, in male HIV-positive patients, aged 40 years and older. Diagnosis of low bone mass was made using International Society for Clinical Densitometry Z-score criteria in the 40–49 years age group and World Health Organization T-score criteria in the >50-year age group. The data were compared with those of a community-based cohort in Korea.ResultsEighty-four HIV-positive male patients were included in this study. Median age was 49 (interquartile range [IQR], 45–56) years, and median body mass index (BMI) was 22.6 (IQR, 20.9–24.4). Viral suppression was achieved in 75 (89.3%) patients and median duration of antiretroviral therapy was 71 (IQR, 36–120) months. The overall prevalence of low bone mass was 16.7% in the 40–49 years age group and 54.8% in the>50 years age group. Our cohort had significantly lower bone mass at the femur neck and total hip than HIV-negative Koreans in the 40–49 years age group. Low bone mass was significantly associated with low BMI, and a high level of serum carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks, but was not associated with antiretroviral regimen or duration of antiretroviral therapy.ConclusionsLow bone mass is prevalent in Korean HIV-positive males undergoing antiretroviral therapy, and may be associated with increased bone resorption.

Curious Case of a Primary Intranodal Kaposi Sarcoma, Confirmed by Immunohistochemistry, in an HIV-positive African Male

Curious Case of a Primary Intranodal Kaposi Sarcoma, Confirmed by Immunohistochemistry, in an HIV-positive African Male

Kidney and Prostatic Abscesses Secondary to Burkholderia Cepacia: A Unique Constellation in an HIV-Positive Male

Kidney and Prostatic Abscesses Secondary to Burkholderia Cepacia: A Unique Constellation in an HIV-Positive Male

An atypical presentation of a common disease in a middle-aged HIV positive male

An atypical presentation of a common disease in a middle-aged HIV positive male

FUTURE LIFE GOALS OF HIV-POSITIVE GAY AND BISEXUAL MALE EMERGING ADULTS.

This qualitative study explores the future life goals reported by a sample of HIV-positive gay/bisexual male emerging adults. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 54 participants ages 17-24 at four geographically and demographically diverse adolescent HIV medicine programs to explore the content of participants’ goals, perceived obstacles and sources of resilience. We provide descriptive data on goals articulated by participants to begin to understand (1) how gay male emerging adults may differ from the heteronormative samples that have characterized most research on emerging adulthood to date, (2) how living with HIV/AIDS may impact the future life goals of this population, and (3) implications for HIV/AIDS service providers as HIV-positive emerging adults are transitioned from adolescent to adult care.

Severe Hidradenitis Suppurative in an HIV-Positive Male: Use of Multiple Treatment Modalities, Including Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockade

AIDS Patient Care and STDsVol. 25, No. 9 Letter to the EditorSevere Hidradenitis Suppurative in an HIV-Positive Male: Use of Multiple Treatment Modalities, Including Tumor Necrosis Factor BlockadeHusein Husein-ElAhmed, Maria-Antonia Fernandez-Pugnaire, and Jose-Carlos Ruiz-CarrascosaHusein Husein-ElAhmedSearch for more papers by this author, Maria-Antonia Fernandez-PugnaireSearch for more papers by this author, and Jose-Carlos Ruiz-CarrascosaSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:18 Aug 2011https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2011.0158AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View article"Severe Hidradenitis Suppurative in an HIV-Positive Male: Use of Multiple Treatment Modalities, Including Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockade." , 25(9), pp. 507–508FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByCase report of hidradenitis suppurativa localized to the face in an HIV patient9 November 2021 | SAGE Open Medical Case Reports, Vol. 9Biologic therapies for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa6 March 2020 | Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, Vol. 20, No. 6Long-term safety of adalimumab for patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa28 February 2020 | Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, Vol. 19, No. 4Photobiomodulation as potential novel third line tool for non-invasive treatment of hidradenitis suppurativaGiornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia, Vol. 155, No. 1An association between hidradenitis suppurativa and HIV15 October 2019 | British Journal of Dermatology, Vol. 182, No. 2Biologics for hidradenitis suppurativa: an updateImmunotherapy, Vol. 11, No. 1Severe refractory hidradenitis suppurativa successfully treated with adalimumab in an HIV-positive/hepatitis C virus-positive patientAIDS, Vol. 32, No. 16Use of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in patients with HIV/AIDSJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Vol. 74, No. 5Systemic therapy with immunosuppressive agents and retinoids in hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review30 January 2013 | British Journal of Dermatology, Vol. 168, No. 2 Volume 25Issue 9Sep 2011 InformationCopyright 2011, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Husein Husein-ElAhmed, Maria-Antonia Fernandez-Pugnaire, and Jose-Carlos Ruiz-Carrascosa.Severe Hidradenitis Suppurative in an HIV-Positive Male: Use of Multiple Treatment Modalities, Including Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockade.AIDS Patient Care and STDs.Sep 2011.507-508.http://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2011.0158Published in Volume: 25 Issue 9: August 18, 2011PDF download

An Extensive Case of Bowen's Disease in An HIV-Positive Male

Bowen's disease is a form of squamous cell carcinoma in situ often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV has been hypothesized to cause in situ carcinoma via multiple mechanisms including cell immortalization and cell cycle disruption. Coinfection with HIV is associated with greater risk of malignancy. We describe a case of HPV-associated Bowen's disease in a 44-year-old African American male with sexually acquired HIV (CD4 < 20) who presented with an extensive skin lesion encompassing his penis, scrotum, and left inguinal canal.

Noduloulcerative lesion on thigh in HIV-positive male

Noduloulcerative lesion on thigh in HIV-positive male

Atraumatic C3/C4 subluxation in an HIV positive male

We present the case of a patient with advanced HIV infection presenting with an isolated subluxation of C3/4. There was no history of trauma and cervical myelopathy was not present. Spondyloarthropathy in HIV infection is increasingly recognized and spinal symptoms should prompt thorough evaluation.

Pseudohepatic tumour associated with secondary syphilis in an HIV-positive male

Inflammatory pseudohepatic tumours are unusual tumour-like conditions which can easily be mistaken for malignant lesions or liver abscesses. Patients usually present with fever, abdominal pain and loss of weight. The aetiology is unclear but the predominant inflammatory pattern of pathology and the associated systemic reactions suggest an underlying infectious agent. In the majority, microorganisms are not detected. As even routine imaging procedures usually fail to distinguish hepatic pseudotumours from liver neoplasms, biopsy is the definitive means of diagnosis. Until now, no case of pseudohepatic tumour has been reported as being associated with secondary syphilis. We believe secondary syphilis is the cause of this pseudohepatic tumour in our HIV-positive male.

Priapism and Quetiapine in an HIV-Positive Male

Priapism and Quetiapine in an HIV-Positive Male