Historical Perspective Research Articles

Transnational Athletes – Historical Perspectives

Transnational Athletes – Historical Perspectives

Demystifying the Etiology of ILOCA in the Genomic Era: A Narrative Review.

Idiopathic Late-Onset Cerebellar Ataxia (ILOCA) is a challenging and heterogeneous disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia beginning after the age of 40 without a family history of cerebellar ataxia. Despite extensive investigations, many cases remain undiagnosed. The advent Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has significantly advanced the identification of genetic causes associated with ILOCA. This study aims to review the concept of ILOCA, its historical perspective, epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, and the impact of the new era of genetic diagnosis facilitated by NGS technologies. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on the genetic advancements in diagnosing ILOCA. ILOCA accounts for a significant proportion of late-onset cerebellar ataxias. The prevalence of late-onset cerebellar ataxias ranges from 2.2 to 12.4 per 100,000 individuals, with genetic causes identified in up to 30-50% of cases using NGS. Key genetic findings include repeat expansion disorders such as Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 27 B, Cerebellar Ataxia, Neuropathy and Vestibular Areflexia Syndrome and Friedreich Ataxia. SCAs and Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia caused by point mutations are also frequently observed in large cohorts. Advances in NGS have increased the diagnostic yield for ILOCA. ILOCA represents a significant diagnostic challenge due to its heterogeneous nature and the overlap with other neurodegenerative and genetic conditions. The use of NGS technologies has revolutionized the diagnostic approach, uncovering genetic causes in a substantial number of previously undiagnosed cases. Routine investigation of specific genes associated with ILOCA is recommended to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management.

Discrimination in Chinese Women's Names: Historical Evolution and Contemporary Perspective

This paper explores the issue of gender discrimination in Chinese female names, and conducts a comprehensive analysis from historical evolution and contemporary manifestation. The research background is based on the cultural importance of Chinese names, which reflect family history, social values, and gender roles. The research topic focuses on gender norms and discrimination in female names, and how these factors are perceived and accepted in modern society. Through the analysis of historical and cultural perspectives, this paper adopts the research methods of literature review and theoretical analysis to fill the current research gap. The results show that despite the increasing trend of gender neutrality, gender discrimination is still deeply rooted in some aspects. Also, although modern female names have begun to diversify and reflect richer social values, traditional concepts and cultural traditions still have a profound impact on female naming practices. The conclusions of the study emphasize how gender discrimination is reflected and transmitted in cultural inheritance, and how this phenomenon is challenged and changed in contemporary society. This paper not only provides a new perspective for understanding the status of Chinese women in society and culture, but also contributes new empirical data and theoretical analysis to the field of gender studies. By revealing gender bias in names, this paper highlights the importance of continued attention to gender equality and provides support for building a more equal and inclusive society.

Deep responsibility, SDGs, and Asia: a historical perspective

Deep responsibility, SDGs, and Asia: a historical perspective

Dermatology in Dresden, Germany – A historical perspective

Dermatology in Dresden, Germany – A historical perspective

Sight-×-Site

Abstract This historical perspective identifies theoretical and graphical parallels between two unlikely accomplices: the mid-twentieth-century multidisciplinary movement the Situationist International, and developments in the psychological study of eye movements. Both schools of thought approach the ostensible objectivity of the visible world through a deconstructed and personalized interpretation made possible by our perception. Especially in regard to aesthetics, our perceptual biases enable an agency through which everyone can participate and ultimately enrich the dialogue that provisions art with meaning. Diagrams of eye-tracking studies inspired by early Situationist graphics highlight the piecemeal and constructive nature of our perception. In the context of unprecedented AI image generation, with aesthetic creativity itself being questioned, the text offers a graphic-based reminder of the value and creativity of our perception.

Primary Erythromelalgia: Historical Perspective and Current Update

Primary Erythromelalgia: Historical Perspective and Current Update

Some correlations between interest and willingness to pay

This article delves into the causes of the 2008 financial crisis, particularly focusing on its inception marked by the collapse of the mortgage market, which cascaded into the bankruptcy of numerous banks. The crisis stemmed from volatile real estate prices, leading to loans being issued to borrowers without sufficient collateral, exacerbating insolvency. In Hungary, the situation was exacerbated as most housing loans were denominated in Swiss francs, causing repayment obligations to soar due to rapid fluctuations in the exchange rate. State intervention became imperative amidst rising insolvency rates. Motivated by a longstanding interest in the economic ramifications of low interest rates, the authors aim to probe the factors influencing loan repayment motivations. Their research centers on the evolution and functions of state interest rate regulation, while also scrutinizing late fees and interest provisions related to tax and civil law claims to evaluate their impact on timely payments. Embracing an interdisciplinary approach blending historical, economic, and legal perspectives, the article underscores the necessity for well-calibrated regulatory interventions to mitigate the excesses of unrestricted free markets, especially in light of evolving global economic dynamics. It also underscores the importance of prudent regulations, given theories suggesting that persistently low interest rates may lead to economic distortions beyond a certain threshold, while acknowledging the constraints of interest rate adjustments.

A comparative study of medieval Russian pilgrimage travelogues: from the perspective of human relationships and faith

Pilgrimages have occurred for thousands of years, with pilgrims journeying to places that hold special significance to them as believers of a particular religion. Each year, millions of pilgrims embark on these special journeys. For example, pilgrimages to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. Nishikado Misaki is a Special Research Fellow based within the Graduate School of Letters at Waseda University in Japan who is interested in what happens during pilgrimages, travellers’ stories and how they behave and interact with one another. In her most recent research project, she is comparing mediaeval Russian travelogues from the perspective of human relationships and faith. Her main sources for this work are travelogues and academic papers and, alongside reading these, she is also immersing herself in seminars and other activities to absorb a range of ways of academic thinking. Misaki’s goal is to acquire an interdisciplinary perspective that spans history, literature, anthropology and other fields. By taking the unique approach of encompassing historical and contemporary perspectives, Misaki is working to deepen and connect the analysis of past and present, generating beneficial knowledge. She is poring over travel records from mediaeval Russia to investigate the relationship between the social background of travellers and the characteristics of their journeys. She is examining these historical sources and comparing them with content gathered from previous research in the fields of history and literature.

How Have China's STI Policies Shaped EU-China Cooperation?

This study examines the evolution of Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) policies within the context of the European Union (EU) and China scientific cooperation. Applying a historical institutionalism perspective, this study identifies three phases in EU-China scientific cooperation since 2006: dependent innovation, innovation with a global vision, and a transition to passive independent innovation. The study reveals that EU-China scientific cooperation has been significantly shaped by the trajectory of China's STI policies. The reciprocal relationship between the EU and China, particularly in terms of economic implications, has undergone dynamic changes. With the evolving role of the government in STI domains, EU-China cooperation has diversified in fields and approaches. This study provides a Chinese perspective on uncovering the internal logic of Chinese STI policies, highlighting the dynamics between the national and the international dimensions. Finally, the paper offers prospects for EU-China scientific cooperation in an era characterized by competition and interdependence in scientific advancements.

The Rise of the Cotton Monopoly of Himeji Domain and its Historical Significance: A Comprehensive Study

Many researchers have explored the cotton monopoly system of the Himeji Domain. Traditional research on this and other monopoly systems typically takes an economic history perspective. An important historical point is how the monopoly system came to be, and this is yet to be clarified. A team of researchers led by Associate Professor Yoshihiro Yamasaki at the School of Motivation and Behavioural Science at Tokyo Future University in Japan is investigating in detail how the cotton monopoly system was established, with a focus on the officials who led the cotton monopoly system into reality in local communities. The expectation is that this research will enrich studies on monopoly systems in other domains, filling gaps in knowledge and understanding. In the Edo period, under monopoly systems, feudal domains monopolised the production and sale of specific products to overcome financial difficulties. The domains purchased and sold all the products produced within their territories, and the profits were used as income for the domains. This was also the case with the Himeji domain’s monopoly system. Monopoly systems were largely implemented as part of the reforms of domain government in the mid-to-late Edo period. Yamasaki believes the monopoly system was an economic policy and that understanding the historical significance requires consideration from a political standpoint. Yamasaki elected to analyse the cotton monopoly system, developed by the Himeji domain as the policy body, from a multifaceted perspective, focusing on the standpoint of not only economic history but also political history as well as regional history.

Ghanaian Muslim Women and The Conundrum of Secular Education: A Historical Perspective

Debates about the question of why Muslim women lag behind their male counterparts in the access to and acquisition of secular education in Ghana continue to linger among academics and non-academics. Although many scholars have touched on the subject, there has not been a comprehensive analysis of the issue. This paper attempts to provide a history of the Muslim female denial of secular education, especially from the precolonial period to the 1980s. While some girls continue to face denial, Muslim women's activism in the 1990s and beyond brought a lot of changes in the gender stereotyping that had existed in Muslim communities. The paper argues that both missionary/ colonial engagements and gender stereotyping in Muslim communities are responsible for the gender disparity in education among Muslims in Ghana, particularly from the pre-colonial period to the 1980s. Notwithstanding their high population, Ghanaian women, in general, and Muslims, in particular, were denied access to secular knowledge that became the source of social mobility and economic autonomy in the newly formed state. The result was the gender gap in education in Ghana, not only affecting women but the nation at large.

Historical Perspective on Antinuclear Antibody Testing.

Serum factors binding to cell nuclei were first described in the 1940s and the antibodies responsible for the binding to self (autoantibodies) discovered in the late 1950s. Routine standardized testing using a cell line (HEp-2) started in the 1980s and continues to evolve. In addition to the classic immunofluorescence assay (IFA), various immunochemical techniques have been developed for the measurement of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). The complexity of ANA IFA pattern reading and the varying sensitivities, specificities, and overall clinical performance of the alternative methods often generated controversies and sometimes even confusion among healthcare providers and laboratorians. A better understanding of the historical roots of ANA testing can aid in understanding these controversies and assist with selecting the best performing methods. In this review, we present historic and contemporary ANA testing methods, highlighting the pros and cons of each. We also overview the current practice of ANA testing based on several recent large laboratory surveys. Optimal patient care critically requires that clinicians and laboratorians using ANA testing understand the performance and limitations of the methods used by their institutions, as well as the meaning of the test results. Recently published surveys and standardization efforts initiated by several stakeholder scientific organizations will likely lead to new ANA diagnostic guidelines, to be followed by an improvement in testing practices, management, and outcomes for patients with autoimmune disorders.

Scientific and Practical Significance of Online Educational Platforms

This article explores the scientific and practical significance of online education platforms, highlighting their evolution from early distance-learning models to contemporary, interactive formats that harness cutting-edge digital tools. Drawing on historical perspectives, it underscores how online platforms have reshaped teaching methodologies by providing cost-effective, flexible, and inclusive opportunities for a global learner community. The widespread adoption of advanced learning management systems and adaptive technologies has ushered in a new era of data-driven research, enabling educators and researchers to analyze learner behavior in unprecedented depth. By examining areas such as learner engagement, motivation, and performance, these platforms serve as living laboratories for ongoing pedagogical innovation. Additionally, the article addresses pressing challenges, including the digital divide and learner isolation, which can hinder the equitable potential of online education. The discussion emphasizes the need for robust policy measures, infrastructure investments, and teacher training initiatives to ensure that the benefits of technology-driven learning are broadly accessible. As internet connectivity continues to expand and sophisticated tools like artificial intelligence and virtual reality become more prevalent, online education platforms are poised to transform how learners acquire knowledge and develop critical thinking skills. The central argument is that, if managed responsibly and inclusively, these digital learning environments will continue to revolutionize education by bridging gaps, fostering innovation, and shaping the future of global learning.

Locating the Professional Cook: An Historical and Anthropological Perspective

ABSTRACTHistorical scholarship on the topics of food, cooking, and eating has flourished in recent years. Within this growing body of literature, chefs have recently been introduced as a legitimate subject of historical investigation. However, to date, no clear theoretical or methodological model has been developed to study this underutilised and under‐theorised historical subject. Drawing upon anthropological readings of history, this article aims to provide a theoretical framework for the historical analysis of professional cooks. It suggests that, when examined from a cultural perspective, professional cooks are unique subjects of historical investigation that act as a window onto broader cultural and social transformations of the specific contexts in which they are embedded. The intention of this article is to bring thematic and methodological clarity to the category of professional cooks and reflect on the analytical utility that they can bring for cultural historians.

449 Historical perspective on the evolution and application of therapeutic hypothermia in neonatology

449 Historical perspective on the evolution and application of therapeutic hypothermia in neonatology

The jalap roots: A herbal legacy from the neotropics to the world.

The Convolvulaceae or morning glory family, with about 2000 species in the world's Tropics and subtropics, stands out among the plants used in traditional medicine. Medicinal plant complexes with important purgative properties have been developed in Mexico and Brazil from members of the genera Ipomoea and Operculina with storage roots. Popularly known as the jalap roots, their resin glycosides cause purgative and laxative activities that facilitate bowel movements. This article reviews the importance of the Convolvulaceae family in herbal medicine with a holistic approach that includes a historical perspective, as well as descriptions of crude drugs, phytopharmaceuticals, and chemical constituents. It further considers the family's distribution and biological properties, such as documented purging and cytotoxic activities of the Mexican and Brazilian jalap roots. The main aim of this review is to afford insights into the use and management of medicinal jalap roots for their potential development as herbal medicines. A search for available information on the genera and species that constitute the jalap roots was conducted using scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and the International Plant Names Index. Also, numerous historical European herbals, botanical books, and pharmacopeias were reviewed using the Biodiversity Heritage Library and Internet Archive. The review establishes that from the initial introduction of the medicinal jalap roots to Europe in the 16th century, various types of Neotropical purging roots were confused. The misunderstanding resulted from similar traditional uses of several species with common morphological features, organoleptic characteristics, and vernacular names. Subordinate species were also frequently used as substitutes for the signature or officinal crude drug. A compendium of contemporary uses of Mexican and Brazilian jalaps in herbal medicine is also presented. Mexican and Brazilian jalap roots, still in use in traditional medicine, offer great potential as sources of biologically active principles. Research should prioritize the investigation on their chemical markers, toxicity, mechanisms of action, ecological requirements, and ecological networks. An integrated ethnopharmacological approach, which has not been adequately explored, would promote their proper management as novel phytopharmaceuticals.

BACTERIOPHAGE & ITS THERAPY: AN OVERVIEW

This review provides a concise overview of the comprehensive exploration of bacteriophages and their applications in phage therapy. Beginning with a historical perspective, the narrative traces the evolution of phage therapy from its early roots to contemporary innovations. The advantages, including high specificity, safety, and adaptability, are highlighted, along with inherent limitations such as specificity requirements and regulatory challenges. The review emphasizes the significance of novel concepts, life cycle insights, and standardized procedures in enhancing the efficacy and responsible implementation of phage therapy. Addressing resistance management and the pursuit of the perfect bacteriophage, the abstract underscores the ongoing research and strategic approaches that position phage therapy as a dynamic and vital component in the ever-evolving realm of antibacterial treatments.

Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Sejarah: Analisis Perkembangan Sistem Pendidikan di Berbagai Peradaban

This article aims to analyze the development of education systems in various civilizations from a historical perspective, focusing on how education developed and was influenced by social, cultural, political, and economic conditions in each period so that policy makers and society in general can design a better future for education. This research uses the historical method with a focus on collecting, analyzing, and interpreting historical sources relevant to the development of education systems in various civilizations. Researchers will explore archives, manuscripts, documents and other historical evidence to trace how education systems developed in the context of a particular time and place. The results show that although there are variations in educational approaches between civilizations, there are similarities in the role of education as a tool to maintain and expand power, as well as to adapt to social and technological change. The education system also reflects the social hierarchy that existed at the time, where access to education was often limited to certain elites or classes. It is hoped that this research will bring an understanding of the history of education essential for developing a more inclusive and adaptive education system in the present, taking into account the historical legacies that shape current educational patterns.

A review on soil erosion and its control techniques

This study focuses on Soil erosion, which is a critical environmental challenge, and has profound impacts on agriculture, biodiversity, and water quality. This paper explores the historical and contemporary perspectives of soil erosion in India and globally, highlighting its causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies. India's agrarian economy has long grappled with soil erosion, exacerbated by monsoon-driven climates and unsustainable practices. Traditional conservation methods were undermined during colonial and industrial periods, but modern initiatives like watershed management and soil loss estimation models have renewed focus on combating erosion. At the global level, projects like the GLASOD provide insights into the severity of degradation and the urgency for sustainable practices. In India's arid regions, such as the Thar Desert, wind patterns play a significant role in soil erosion. Seasonal winds cause displacement and nutrient loss, affecting agriculture, infrastructure, and ecosystems. The paper outlines various mitigation strategies, including vegetative barriers, sand fences, chemical stabilizers, and advanced technologies like precision agriculture and geotextiles. Despite progress, challenges persist, such as integrating traditional knowledge with modern techniques and addressing socio-economic barriers. Future directions emphasize holistic approaches, community involvement, and climate-resilient strategies to ensure sustainable soil and ecosystem management.