History Of Ulcer Research Articles

Predictive value of gastrointestinal symptoms and patient risk factors for NSAID-associated gastrointestinal ulcers defined by endoscopy? Insights from a pooled analysis of two naproxen clinical trials.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat pain and rheumatic conditions. To facilitate patient management, we determined the predictive value of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and risk factors for the development of NSAID-associated GI injuries. Post-hoc analysis of pooled data from naproxen treatment arms of two identical, randomized, double-blind, controlled phase 3 trials in arthritis patients at risk of GI adverse events. Endoscopic incidence of GI ulcers at baseline, and 1, 3, and 6 months was employed as a surrogate parameter for GI injury. For GI symptom analysis, Severity of Dyspepsia Assessment questionnaire was used. For GI risk factor analysis, the high risk factors: previous GI injury, concomitant selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or corticosteroids, ulcer history, concomitant low-dose aspirin, and age >65 years were employed. Data of 426 naproxen patients were analyzed. Distribution of GI symptoms between patients with and without ulcer was similar; about one third of patients developing an ulcer reported no GI pain symptoms. GI symptoms experienced under naproxen treatment were thus not indicative of GI injury. The proportion of patients developing an ulcer increased with the number of risk factors present, however, about a quarter of patients without any of the analyzed risk factors still developed an ulcer. GI symptoms and the number of risk factors are not reliable predictors of NSAID-induced GI injury to decide which patients need gastroprotection and will lead to a large group of patients with GI injuries. A preventive rather than reactive approach should be taken.

Analysis of risk factors for ulcer recurrence and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children with peptic ulcer treated with Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy.

The incidence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has been increasing yearly, especially in the adolescent population. The eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may reduce recurrence and bleeding to some extent, but it does not completely change the clinical status of PUD. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the risk factors for ulcer recurrence and upper gastrointestinal bleeding after H. pylori eradication therapy in order to provide a reference for reducing the risk of PUD and improving the quality of life of patients. We retrospectively analyzed 536 adolescent patients who developed peptic ulcer and received H. pylori eradication therapy from June 2016 to July 2021. The relationship between the clinical characteristics of the patients and gastrointestinal bleeding and recurrence was analyzed using the t-test and chi-squared test. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for the occurrence of bleeding and recurrence. A total of 536 patients were included in this retrospective study. Gender, history of ulcers, number, size, location and staging of ulcers, and application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and other characteristics were significantly different between the bleeding and nonbleeding groups (P<0.05); family history of upper gastrointestinal ulcer, history of ulcers, number and size of ulcers and application of NSAIDs, and other characteristics were significantly different between the recurrent and nonrecurrent groups (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that history of ulcers, number and location of ulcers, coagulation abnormalities, and other characteristics were independent risk factors for the occurrence of bleeding; the occurrence of previous bleeding, number and size of ulcers, and other characteristics were independent risk factors for recurrence. In the clinical treatment of adolescent patients, it is important to pay high attention to clinical characteristics, such as the patient's previous ulcer history, the size, number and location of ulcers, and coagulation function, so as to adopt individualized treatment methods to effectively reduce the harmfulness of the disease in response to the risk factors of ulcer bleeding and recurrence after H. pylori eradication therapy. This can decrease the occurrence of complications and improve the prognosis of patients.

A Rare Case of Cutis Aplasia Congenita in a Newborn

A Rare Case of Cutis Aplasia Congenita in a Newborn

Athena: Speciality Certificate Examination case for general dermatology and dermatology in primary healthcare.

This Athena case describes possible differential diagnoses in a 76-year-old woman who presented with an 8-month history of multiple painful ulcers on her lower abdominal wall and right anterior thigh.

Novel Formulation for Treatment of Mouth Ulcer

Mouth ulcer also known as cankers ulcer are normally small painful abscess that can develop in your mouth or the base of your gum due to these we feel uncomfortable in eating, drinking and talking. Women’s, adolescent and people with a family history of mouth ulcers are higher risk for developing mouth ulcer. There is no major drug therapy required for treatment of mouth ulcer, usually people prefer home remedies. But it is not convenient to take , dose variation may occur because there is no definite quantity given, and also it is unpleasant sometimes irritable thus accordingly we formulate candy like formulation that is lozenges which composed of herbal ingredient like, guava leaves , pigeon pea leave, Tulsi, mint, turmeric, liquorice, clove binded with dextrose , which is convenient for patient The prepared lozengesare evaluated for stability parameter, according to ICH Guideline, the improved formulative lozenges where evaluated for physical characters and results comes under pharmacopeial limit. In-vitro dissolution study show’s 90 % drug release within 30 minutes, the stability studies shows that formulation is stable for last 3 months. Here antimicrobial activity of lozenges is also studied and it shows the positive result for topical application. From recent work it was assured that the herbal lozenges can be considered as a reliable delivery system for the treatment of mouth ulcer.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in an albino child: a peculiar presentation

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis. It is characterized by nodulo-ulcerative skin lesions and occasionally nodular, papular/plaque, and/or impetiginous lesions on exposed parts of the body. However, other atypical lesions of CL have been reported worldwide such as lupoid, eczematous, erysipeloid, verrucous, dry, zosteriform, paronychial, sporotrichoid, chancriform, annular and erythematous volcanic ulcers. These non-specific lesions often make the diagnosis challenging due to the large number of differential diagnoses and may lead to a delay in the implementation of CL therapy and therefore a higher risk of lifelong scars and major quality of life issues and stigma. We report a case of an 11-year-old immunocompetent albino child boy that presented with 3 years’ history of persistent multiple asymptomatic, small ulcers and cribriform scars of the forehead. Diagnosis of CL was confirmed by detecting Leishmania parasites in tissue specimens, and treatment by antimony drugs resulted in healing of lesion within one month. This is a novel case of a rare, atypical form of CL, which resulted in delayed diagnosis and management. Clinicians, especially those practicing in CL endemic areas like the Americas and the Mediterranean basin, should consider systematically the diagnosis of CL in front of long-lasting and/or non-specific lesions.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a cohort study.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common complication in adults treated with veno-arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. We aimed to determine risk factors, prevalence and outcomes associated VA-ECMO-associated upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in adult patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study (2014-2022) on consecutive VA-ECMO patients in the Medical and Infectious Disease intensive care unit of university hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard in Paris, France. UGIB was defined as 1) an overt bleeding (hematemesis, melena, hematochezia), or 2) acute anemia associated with a lesion diagnosed on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. VA-ECMO-associated UGIB was defined as an UGIB occurring during VA-ECMO, or up to ten days after decannulation in patients weaned-off ECMO. Cause-specific models were used to identify factors associated with UGIB and death, respectively. Among the 455 patients included, 48 (10%) were diagnosed with UGIB after a median of 12 [7; 23] days following ECMO cannulation. Mortality occurred in 36 (75%) patients with UGIB and 243 (60%) patients without. UGIB patients had longer ICU stays (32 [19; 60] vs 18 [7; 37] days; p<.01), longer ECMO (14 [9; 18] vs 7 [4; 11] days; p <.01) and mechanical ventilation durations (21 [16; 36] vs. 10 [5; 20] days; p <.01), as compared to non-UGIB patients. Ninety upper gastrointestinal endoscopies (UGE) were performed, and the most frequent lesions detected were gastro-duodenal ulcers (n = 23, 26%), leading to 11/90 therapeutic procedures. By multivariable analysis, a history of peptic ulcer (Cause-specific hazard ratio (CSHR) 2.93, 95%CI 1.01; 8.51), a dual antiplatelet therapy (CSHR 2.0, 95%CI 1.07; 3.72]) and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) (CSHR 2.78, 95%CI 1.42; 5.45) were independently associated with an increased risk of UGIB. In adult patients under VA-ECMO, a history of gastric ulcer, dual antiplatelet therapy and ECPR were independently associated with an increased risk of UGIB. This study highlights the potential role of acute ischemia reperfusion injury in the pathophysiology of VA-ECMO-associated UGIB.

The efficacy of flexor tenotomy to prevent recurrent diabetic foot ulcers (DIAFLEX trial): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Foot ulcers are a frequent and costly problem in people with diabetes mellitus and can lead to amputations. Prevention of these ulcers is therefore of paramount importance. Claw/hammer toe deformities are commonly seen in people with diabetes. These deformities increase the risk of ulcer development specifically at the (tip of) the toe. Percutaneous needle tenotomy of the tendon of the m. flexor digitorum longus (tendon tenotomy) can be used to reduce the severity of claw/hammer toe deformity with the goal to prevent ulcer recurrence. The main objective of this randomized controlled trial is to assess the efficacy of flexor tenotomy to prevent recurrence of toe ulcers in people with diabetes and a history of toe (pre-)ulcers. Additionally, we aim to assess interphalangeal joints (IPJ) and metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) angles in a weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing position, barefoot plantar pressure during walking, cost-effectiveness and quality of life before and after the intervention and compare intervention and control study groups. Sixty-six subjects with diabetes and claw/hammer toe deformity and a recent history of (pre-)ulceration on the tip of the toe will be included and randomized between flexor tenotomy of claw/hammer toes (intervention) versus standard of care including orthosis and shoe offloading (controls) in a mono-center randomized controlled trial. Clinicaltrials.gov registrationNCT05228340.

Association between cardiac conditions with venous leg ulcers in patients with chronic venous insufficiency

Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are the final stage of chronic venous insufficiency. This study aims to characterize the association between cardiovascular diseases and VLU. A multicentric case-control study analyzed 17,788 patients between 2015 and 2020. Cases were matched (1:2) by age and sex, and odds ratios (OR) were analyzed with conditional logistic regressions adjusted by risk factors. The prevalence of VLU was 15.2%. 2390 cases were analyzed. Diseases found to be associated with VLU were atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.21; 95% CI: 1.03-1.42), pulmonary hypertension (OR, 1.45; 95% CI: 1.06-2.00), right heart failure (OR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.13-1.43), peripheral artery disease (OR, 2.21; 95% CI: 1.90-2.56), and history of pulmonary embolism (OR, 1.45; 95% CI: 1.06-2.00). Certain cardiovascular conditions showed an association with VLU. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the effect that treating concomitant cardiovascular diseases might exert on the natural history of venous leg ulcers.

Is the duration of diabetic foot ulcers an independent risk factor for developing diabetic foot osteomyelitis?

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether the prolonged duration of diabetic foot ulcers was associated with an increased incidence of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Study designA retrospective cohort study MethodsThe medical records of all patients who participated in the diabetic foot clinic between January 2015 and December 2020 were reviewed. Patients with new diabetic foot ulcers were monitored for diabetic foot osteomyelitis. The collected data included the patient’s profile, comorbidities and complications, the ulcer profile (area, depth, location, duration, number of ulcers, inflammation, and history of the previous ulcer), and outcome. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were used to assess risk variables for diabetic foot osteomyelitis. ResultsEight hundred and fifty-five patients were enrolled; 78 developed diabetic foot ulcers (cumulative incidence 9% over 6 years, average annual incidence 1.5%) and among these diabetic foot ulcers, 24 developed diabetic foot osteomyelitis (cumulative incidence 30% over 6 years, average annual incidence of 5%, incidence rate 0.1/person-year). Statistically significant risk factors for the development of diabetic foot osteomyelitis were ulcers that were deep to the bone (adjusted risk ratio 2.50, p = 0.04) and inflamed wounds (adjusted risk ratio 6.20, p = 0.02). The duration of diabetic foot ulcers was not associated with diabetic foot osteomyelitis (adjusted risk ratio 1.00, p = 0.98). ConclusionThe duration was not an associated risk factor for diabetic foot osteomyelitis, while bone-deep ulcers and inflamed ulcers were found to be significant risk factors for the development of diabetic foot osteomyelitis.

Derivation and validation of a risk prediction score for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related serious gastrointestinal complications in the elderly.

Few studies have quantified the impact of risk factors on GI complications in elderly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) users. This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction score for severe GI complications to identify high-risk elderly patients using NSAID. We used the following two Korean claims datasets: customized data with an enrolment period 2016-2017 for model development, and the sample data in 2019 for external validation. We conducted a nested case-control study for model development and validation. NSAID users were identified as the elderly (≥65 years) who received NSAIDs for more than 30 days. Serious GI complications were defined as hospitalizations or emergency department visits, with a main diagnosis of GI bleeding or perforation. We applied the logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model for variable selection and model fitting. We identified 8176 cases and 81 760 controls with a 1:10 matched follow-up period in the derivation cohort. In the external validation cohort, we identified 372 cases from 254 551 patients. The risk predictors were high-dose NSAIDs, nonselective NSAID, complicated GI ulcer history, male sex, concomitant gastroprotective agents, relevant co-medications, severe renal disease and cirrhosis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.81) in the external validation dataset. The prediction model may be a useful tool for reducing the risk of serious GI complications by identifying high-risk elderly patients.

Sickle cell disease - Impact of delayed diagnosis and non compliance to treatment

Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive hematological disorder resulting from a missense point mutation in the beta chain of the haemoglobin molecule. This article reports a case of homozygous sickle cell disease in an adult patient with long-standing history of non-healing ulcer

Evaluation of HLA-B51 frequency and its relationship with clinical findings in patients with Behçet’s disease: 4-year analysis in a single center

BackgroundThe clinical findings of Behçet’s disease (BD) differ according to the country and race investigated. The most important genetic factor known in the pathogenesis of BD is HLA-B51, and this positivity is high in countries on the “Silk Road” where BD is as frequent as it is in Turkey. Although the positivity of HLA B51 is proven to be high in Turkey, there are no studies in the area of the western Black sea demonstrating its relation to the demographic. We aimed to investigate the association of HLA-B51 positivity in Turkish patients diagnosed as having BD and the relationship between the demographic and clinical findings of the patients.ResultsIn this descriptive, cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of adults with BD was obtained from an outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Turkey between January 2018 and January 2022. Patients were diagnosed as having BD according to the criteria of the International BD Study Group, and the patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were recorded retrospectively. Demographic data and the frequency of clinical findings were compared between patients who were HLA-B51-positive and HLA-B51-negative. Sixty patients (55.6%) were HLA-B51-positive. Oral ulceration, genital ulceration, thrombophlebitis, and family history of BD were found to be higher in patients who were HLA-B51-positive. Erythema nodosum, papulopustular eruption, pathergy positivity, arthritis, and ocular involvement were less frequent in patients with HLA-B51 positivity. However, there were no statistically significant differences according to the frequency of clinical findings between the HLA-B51-positive and HLA-B51-negative groups.ConclusionsHLA B51 positivity is not diagnostic of BD; however, it may affect clinical phenotypes. Although oral and genital ulcerations, thrombophlebitis, and positive family history of BD were found to be common in patients with HLA-B51 positivity, this relationship could not reach statistical significance.

Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Foot Ulcers in Diabetic Patients.

The current study analyzed the status and the factors of foot ulcers in diabetic patients and developed a nomogram and web calculator for the risk prediction model of diabetic foot ulcers. This was a prospective cohort study that used cluster sampling to enroll diabetic patients in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu from July 2015 to February 2020. The risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers were obtained by logistic regression analysis. Nomogram and web calculator for the risk prediction model were constructed by R software. The incidence of foot ulcers was 12.4% (302/2432). Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI (OR: 1.059; 95% CI 1.021-1.099), abnormal foot skin color (OR: 1.450; 95% CI 1.011-2.080), foot arterial pulse (OR: 1.488; 95% CI: 1.242-1.778), callus (OR: 2.924; 95%: CI 2.133-4.001), and history of ulcer (OR: 3.648; 95% CI: 2.133-5.191) were risk factors for foot ulcers. The nomogram and web calculator model were developed according to risk predictors. The performance of the model was tested, and the testing data were as follows: AUC (area under curve) of the primary cohort was 0.741 (95% CI: 0.7022-0.7799), and AUC of the validation cohort was 0.787 (95% CI: 0.7342-0.8407); the Brier score of the primary cohort was 0.098, and the Brier score of the validation cohort was 0.087. The incidence of diabetic foot ulcers was high, especially in diabetic patients with a history of foot ulcers. This study presented a nomogram and web calculator that incorporates BMI, abnormal foot skin color, foot arterial pulse, callus, and history of foot ulcers, which can be conveniently used to facilitate the individualized prediction of diabetic foot ulcers.

Recurrent Oral Ulcers and Its Association With Stress Among Dental Students in the Northeast Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Survey.

Aim The term "aphthous" is derived from the Greek word "aphtha," which means ulceration. The cause of aphthous ulcers is multifactorial, but emotional stress is one of the most important risk factors for its occurrence in young individuals. The aimof this study was to evaluate the association of recurrent oral ulcers (ROUs) with stress among dental students in the Northeast Indian Population. Materials and methods A total of 1,134 students were recruited for the study. Two sets of questionnaires were designed. The first set consisted of 11 questions related to demographic data and information about recurrent oral ulcers. The second set of questionnaire had 14 questions related to stress symptoms. Google Forms (Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) was used for recording the responses of the study participants. Questionnaires were sent to the participants through e-mail, and responses were recorded. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA) and Microsoft Office Excel (MicrosoftCorp., Redmond, WA, USA). The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Results Among the 1,134 participants, 32.7% (371 students) reported a previous history of recurrent oral ulcers. Out of 371 participants who had given a history of oral ulcers, only 27.2% exhibited direct stress to ulcer association. On further assessment using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), it was found that a far greater percentage of students (i.e., more than 27.2%) were under some form of stress or the other. Conclusions The results of this study will help improve the quality of life amongthe study population, either by tackling their stress levels or by identifying adequate interventions.

Regional flap: A reliable coverage for post-radiation ulcer.

Ulcer in radiation-damaged tissue is a dilemma with limited treatment strategies. The study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of regional flaps for patients with post-radiation ulcers through a 10-year experience. A retrospective study of consecutive patients with post-radiation ulcers at a single institute from 2012 to 2022 was conducted. Reconstruction included complete excision of irradiated tissue and coverage with well-vascularised tissue, including local flaps, regional flaps and free flaps. Study outcomes included complications, reoperation rates, overall flap success and recurrence rates. Thirteen patients (six males and seven females; mean age, 56.85 ± 13.87 years) with a mean 10-month history of post-radiation ulcers were enrolled. Ulcers are predominantly located in the chest (n = 3, 23.1%), head (n = 2, 15.4%) and neck (n = 2, 15.4%), with a mean size of 33.1cm2 (range from 1cm2 to 120 cm2 ). Eleven patients underwent reconstruction with 15 regional flaps and three local flaps, one patient received a free anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap and one patient underwent amputation. Among these 15 regional flaps, one (6.7%) had wound dehiscence and four (26.7%) had localised necrosis requiring reoperation. In addition, one patient with a non-healing sinus tract underwent reoperation. The overall success rate of the regional flap was 100% and no recurrence was observed with a mean follow-up of 23.3months. Regional flaps seem a safe and effective reconstructive method for post-radiation ulcers.

Additional value of T1 and T2 mapping techniques for early detection of myocardial involvement in scleroderma

BackgroundWe evaluated the prevalence of myocardial involvement by native T1 and T2 mapping, the diagnostic performance of mapping in addition to conventional Lake Louise Criteria (LLC), as well as correlations between mapping findings and clinical or conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. MethodsFifty-five SSc patients (52.31 ± 13.24 years, 81.8% female) and 55 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects underwent clinical, bio-humoral assessment, and CMR. The imaging protocol included: T2-weighted, early post-contrast cine sequences, native T1 and T2 mapping by a segmental approach, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) technique. ResultsGlobal myocardial T1 and T2 values were significantly higher in SSc patients than in healthy subjects. An increase in native T1 and/or T2 was present in the 62.1% of patients with normal conventional CMR techniques (negative LGE and T2-weighted images). Respectively, 13.5% and 59.6% of patients fulfilled original and updated LLC (overall agreement = 53.9%).Compared with patients with normal native T1, patients with increased T1 (40.0%) featured significantly higher left ventricular end-diastolic volume index and cardiac index, biventricular stroke volume indexes, and global heart T2 values, and more frequently had a history of digital ulcers. Biochemical and functional CMR parameters were comparable between patients with normal and increased T2 (61.8%). ConclusionT1 and T2 mapping are sensitive parameters that should be included in the routine clinical assessment of SSc patients for detecting early/subclinical myocardial involvement.

Thoughts and experiences regarding leg amputation among patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A phenomenological study.

Despite lower-limb amputation being common among patients with diabetic foot ulcers, few studies have qualitatively investigated the patients' perspectives. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the thoughts and experiences of patients with diabetic foot ulcers regarding lower-limb amputation in Hong Kong. A phenomenological study using individual, semi-structured interviews was conducted with 18 participants with foot ulcers recruited in Hong Kong between July and September 2022. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach and a constant comparison strategy. The results highlighted four substantial themes: (a) coping or being alone and taciturn, (b) altered appearance impacting one's sense of maintaining social relations, (c) thoughts about self-efficacy and encountering a new normal, and (d) the possibility of a reduced gap in physical consequences between the old and new self. This study provided different perspectives of patients with a history of diabetic foot ulcers, even in cases where lower-limb amputation has not yet been performed. The results demonstrate that lower-limb amputation is considered a forbidden topic. This makes it culturally difficult for Chinese patients to discuss the matter with healthcare authorities and family members. Healthcare workers should be aware of how they communicate regarding lower-limb amputation.

Mimickers of Classical Urticaria: Cryopyrin-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndrome Presenting as Isolated Urticaria in an Infant

A 5-month-old full-term girl presented as an outpatient with an urticarial rash, lymphocytosis, and eosinophilia after 2 previous hospitalizations for rhino/enterovirus infection. She exhibited a blanching, urticarial eruption with well-demarcated irregular borders and generalized distribution including the palms, soles, and face (Figure 1). The rash was not associated with cold, pruritus, bruising, or hyperpigmentation. The rash appeared within 48 hours of life and varied in severity, though never exhibited a period of complete resolution. The patient was otherwise well-appearing, with no history of fever, oral ulcers, purpura, arthropathy, lymphadenopathy, conjunctivitis, or dysmorphia. She initially had slow weight gain and intermittent bloody stools, both of which resolved with transition to extensively hydrolyzed formula at 1 month of age.

Recurrent diabetic foot ulcer: An educational image and expert opinion

Background: The occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers is commonly attributed to factors including infection, diabetic neuropathy that are commonly associated poor control of blood sugar. History of foot ulcer is generally considered an important risk factor. Keywords: Richard Asher syndrome, Iraq. Patients and methods: The case of a diabetic and hypertensive male patient who had a history of previous foot ulcer, and developed a recurrence at the same site is described with emphasis on the current evidence-based therapeutic recommendations. Results: A 55-year diabetic hypertensive male who had a history of foot ulcer which healed completely after aggressive treatment before more than one year. The first ulcer was associated with clear evidence of infection with cellulitis and pus formation, but there was no evidence of gangrene. The first ulcer was treated successfully with antibiotic therapy followed by monthly intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin. Topical treatment included topical antibiotic (fusidic acid) and topical dexpanthenol. Pentoxifylline was used instead valsartan to control hypertension and to improve peripheral vascular impairment. The patient also received alpha-lipoic acid supplementation. Few weeks before the occurrence of the second ulcer, the patient visited the practitioner of the organization who was working with, and for unclear reason, the doctor switched pentoxifylline with Coveram (Perindopril 10 mg + Amlodipine 10 mg). The ulcer was not associated with evidence of serious infection, and cellulitis like the first ulcer. However, the patient received oral antibiotics and topical therapies. To avoid injudicious frequent changes of antihypertensive medication, oral pentoxifylline was added in a dose of 400 mg daily. The second ulcer healed within one week. Conclusion: The medical treatment of the diabetic foot ulcer follows the principles of wound healing which include treatment of soft tissue infection, in addition to controlling factors more specifically related to diabetes such as neuropathy and peripheral vascular impairment. The current expert opinion suggests the use of monthly intramuscular benzathine penicillin, alpha-lipoic acid supplementation, and pentoxifylline in the long-term preventive therapies.