Historical Tourism Research Articles

The right to entrepreneurial expression over heritage significance: the micropolitics of an adapted cafe in a historic Chinese town

This study draws on Henri Lefebvre’s (The production of space, 1992, translated by D. Nicholson-Smith) concept of the spatial triad to examine the micropolitics of the production of urban and social space in a cafe in a historic tourist town in the southern Chinese city of Zhuhai. Such a spatial and social examination of the historic town of Tangjiawan’s Wangchuan Cafe is conducted in the context of a growing consumer society and experience economy in China. Specifically, we found that the cafe proprietor has performed a role that is commonly associated with official planners and technocrats in creating a ‘coffee art living space’ in a process that Lefebvre describes as a ‘representation of space,’ and that ‘spatial practices’ serve to shape the space away from the heritage significance of the town and towards entrepreneurially aligned ideals. Such resultant consumerist spaces are coconstructed with and negotiated by visitors and consumers. In conducting such an examination, we highlight and critique the ways in which dominant discourses operate in a microsite, such as that of a cafe, that has become a key cultural tourism attraction of the refurbished historic town, the means by which such discourses and visions result in real-world transformations and the ways in which visitors and tourists interpret and negotiate such a microsite.

Makanan Tradisional Mangut Beong sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Gastronomi di Kabupaten Magelang Jawa Tengah

The city of Magelang has a variety of scattered tourist destinations, various tourist attractions that are quite high, namely historical tourism. In addition to being famous for historical tourism, there is a need for new attractive tourist destinations and in general to encourage Regional Original Income (PAD), namely with the potential and opportunities for developing Traditional Food tourism. Traditional Food Tourism in Magelang City is now a tourist icon because there are types of tourists who come to a destination to enjoy the food. The food that became the icon is mangut beong which is quite famous among tourists. Traditional Food Tourism is if tourists who come to a tourist destination aim to enjoy traditional food, but if tourists come to a destination to participate in the preparation and presentation process, it is known as gastronomic tourism. The traditional food of mangut beong has not received the government's attention to help manage it as an icon of the city of Magelang and as a potential for gastronomic tourism. The purpose of this study was to determine the gastronomic component of mangut beong traditional food in the city of Magelang, the potential to be used as a gastronomic tourist attraction and the role of stakeholders based on creative reunurship of Miss Helix Wisata. This research method is a mixed method with a descriptive analysis method approach. in-depth interviews, observations and documentation. The results of the study are to describe the 9 gastronomic components containing the history & philosophy of the meaning of the name "Manggut" and traditions related to the culinary mangut beong, the process of making and preserving the culinary mangut beong by designing a gastronomic tour package and knowing the role of local governments in efforts to conserve mangut beong culinary. of interest to the general public. The Magelang City area has the potential to become a gastronomic tourist destination in Central Java.

Multisource Information Fusion Algorithm for Personalized Tourism Destination Recommendation

In this paper, the existing scenic spot recommendation algorithms ignore the implicit trust and trust transmission of users when dealing with user relationships, and the lack of historical browsing behavior data of users in new city scenes leads to an inaccurate recommendation. In this paper, a personalized scenic spot recommendation method combining user trust relationship and tag preference is proposed. Firstly, the trust degree is introduced when the recommendation quality is poor only considering the similarity of users. By mining the implicit trust relationship of users, the problem that the existing research cannot make recommendations when the direct trust is difficult to obtain is solved, and the data sparsity and cold start problems are effectively alleviated. Secondly, in the process of user interest analysis, the relationship between scenic spots and tags is extended to the relationship among users, scenic spots and tags, and users’ interest preferences are decomposed into long-term preferences for different scenic spots tags, which effectively alleviates the problem of poor recommendation quality when users’ historical tour records are lacking. The personalized tourism recommendation method proposed in this paper effectively integrates many features of social networks and effectively alleviates the problems of data sparseness and feature learning in tourism recommendation based on social networks by using vectorization and deep learning technology. Its research has very important usage scenarios and commercial value in the tourism industry. This model can efficiently mine the association rules between scenic spots in multisource information data. The experimental results show that mining the correlation between the scenic spots selected by tourists can provide effective information for tourism decision-making.

Pemanfaatan Media Audio Visual Situs Purbakala Pugung Raharjo sebagai Media Belajar Sejarah bagi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of audio-visual media at the Pugung Raharjo Archaeological site as a medium for learning history for students of history education at STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung. The research method used in this research is using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used in this research are literature study, observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The data validity technique uses triangulation of data sources and for data analysis using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The Pugung Raharjo Archaeological Site is one of the historical heritages in Lampung. This site is not only used for historical tourism visits, this site is also used as a source of learning local history for students of history education study programs. In the current digital 4.0 era, various learning media are used to support success in learning activities, one of which is using audio-visual media. The results showed that the use of audio-visual media for the Pugung Raharjo Archaeological Site as a medium for learning history was well received by students.

Bringing the past to life: Co-creating tourism experiences in historic house tourist attractions

This ethnographic study concentrates on the co-creation of experiential value between the tourist and tour guide in a single historic tourism site; Huntingdon Castle, Ireland. Built upon the principles of service dominant logic, the research explores how storytelling acts as an engagement platform and value enhancing strategic resource. In doing so, it impels the value co-creation journey and shapes the tourist's experience. Observation is coupled with qualitative interviews to capture the dual perspective of both guides and tourists. Findings exhibit the co-creation process through the performance of stories; how and when people derive pleasure (value); the influencing aspects of the environment or place; and guide/tourist perspectives on how they feel and think during the experience. The research contributes by taking a practical operational view of how co-creation occurs. It goes beyond the guide's perspective and exhibits the importance of co-creation of lived experience in the story enhanced tourism experience framework.

Talang Indah As the Potential Tourism Place: The Natural Talang Air Pringsewu and Historic Tourism in Pringsewu Regency

Talang Indah as the tourism icon in Pringsewu Regency has great potential which full of historical. This needs great attention from the government, society and also the tourism activator. Talang Indah is located in a strategic place that is in the middle of Pringsewu district exactly in Fajaresuk. Formerly, Talang Indah is the favorite location place for Pringsewu society, but since pandemic era, this place is not well operated. This training uses a project-based learning approach with three stages of activity. At the first step the trainers presented the steps how to design the poster, banner, booklet by using Canva. After that, the participants directly practicing to design the poster by using Canva. The last step, the best design was published in Instagram and Facebook belong to Talang Indah Pringsewu The digital marketing chosen is creating the promotion media by using CANVA application. This APP was chosen because this is easy and effective. There are 11 participants in on day training. The result is the promotion staff are able to create the digital marketing media by using CANVA.

Khombouw Bark Painting (The Potential of Asei Island Craft Arts as a Tourism Attraction of Sentani Lake, Jayapura Regency)

This paper focuses on reviewing the potential of the Asei Island community as a tourist attraction in Jayapura Regency, Papua Province. This study utilizes a library approach by conducting text and discourse analysis—data obtained from exploring library materials relevant to the research topic. Data analysis was carried out through several stages; data presentation, data reduction, verification, and conclusion. The results of this study indicate that Asei Besar Island has the potential to be developed as a craft tourism village because it is supported by various recreational facilities in the form of natural beauty and religious, cultural, and historical tourism. Bark painting khombouw can be done by developing community-based craft tourism villages by applying the craft advancement through the tourism model. In developing the craft tourism village of Pulau Asei, it is essential to pay attention to several obstacles the artisans. Such as; the difficulty of obtaining raw material for khombouw bark as a result of illegal logging without replanting. Many imitations made to resemble khombouw are found in the form of screen printing. It is widely circulated in the market and displayed with other typical Papuan souvenirs such as noken, koteka, and various statues, as well as the Covid-19 pandemic, which impacts decreasing income. Nevertheless, the artisans still carry out the painting activity because it has become a tradition and identity of the Asei people, which their ancestors inherited.

Cultural tourism development through empowerment of the potential village center for Keris craftsmen in Aeng tong-tong village, Saronggi district

Sumenep is one of the cities on the eastern tip of the island of Madura which has a variety of tourism places including natural tourism, religious tourism, and artificial tourism. Aeng Tong-tong Village is located in Saronggi District, Sumenep Regency. This village is the largest keris making center in Indonesia and even in the world, almost all of the people in Aeng Tong-tong village work as keris craftsmen. This situation has been going on for generations since the Sumenep kingdom until now. Because there are so many keris craftsmen in this village, it is designated as "Keris Village". This study aims to determine the potential that exists in the village of Aeng tong-tong and its empowerment as well as the attention of the Sumenep Regency government. The method used is qualitative, the sampling technique is purposive sampling, the main informant is from the Tourism office, the key informant from the head of the cultural tourism manager Aeng Tong-tong, the supporting informants are 2 visitors, data analysis before the field and when in the field, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusion, data validity test through extended observations. The results of the study with the many tourism potentials of Aeng Tongtong village, it is necessary to develop cultural tourism of the keris village which is supported by other tourism, namely nature tourism, religious tourism, historical tourism so as to increase the variety of existing tourist destinations, besides that it is necessary to improve facilities and infrastructure to facilitate tourists visit. With the development of cultural tourism, it will increase tourists both from within the country and from abroad so that it can increase regional original income, reduce unemployment and improve people's welfare.

Promoting small family businesses through OCOP program and tourism activities in rural areas in Vietnam: the case of Bac Giang province

PurposeOne Commune One Product (OCOP) program, a rural economic development program in Vietnam, aims to empower local communities for sustainable social and economic welfare development, protect the environment and preserve tradition. This study aims to employ this program associated with tourism to support small family businesses in rural areas cost-effectively.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the geographic location mapping method to design tourist routes that connect tourism resources with OCOP producers. A stakeholder approach was employed to identify suggested practical works that need to be implemented while developing this tourism initiative.FindingsFour rural districts of Bac Giang Province, a northern province in Vietnam known as the place of various indigenous people live and traditional craft villages. Many cultural and historical tourist sites have been chosen as sample areas for this study. By using Google map, based on the Bac Giang Tourist Map and a list of recognized OCOP products in Bac Giang Province, main tourist sites (16 locations) and small family businesses (known as cooperatives and households) that have OCOP products (17 places) in the four districts have been identified. Four notable tourist routes have been formed to propose four thematic tours (two 1-day tours and two 2 days-1 night homestay tours). Suggestions for related stakeholders to ensure the sustainability of this initiative are provided.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is supposed to be a model of promoting small family businesses through OCOP programs and tourism activities in a sustainable way in Vietnam. The outcome of this study is in line with the stakeholder theory emphasizing the systematic connection of various stakeholders such as employees, suppliers, local communities, government agencies and others towards complex business sustainability. The results of the study cannot conclude the small family businesses in Vietnam because it adopts geographic location mapping alone. Moreover, this study focused on OCOP programs only. Future research can use other methods of primary data collection, especially from tourists' perspectives. Data triangulation can be done to explore and verify the tourist routes that have been formed according to the four thematic tours proposed. Future research could also compare hotels managed by family businesses with non-family businesses.Originality/valueThis study is supposed to be a model of promoting small family businesses through OCOP programs and tourism activities in a sustainable way in Vietnam.

Religious Reputation Culture: A Community Based Tourism Development Approach

Abstract The key to a thriving tourism industry is addressing how tourism can benefit society by increasing economic opportunities, supporting socio-cultural systems, and maintaining healthy ecosystems on which communities depend. The tourism industry can no longer focus solely on “how many” tourists visit a destination, or even “how much” money spent at one destination, as a measure of success. Sustainability can be effective if it is carried out by taking time and sustainable efforts, as well as adapting to changes that occur. In this study, the concept of historical heritage tourism and Resource-Based View is used which shows that culture and corporate reputation are seen as very valuable intangible assets. Historical heritage tourism is the key to sustainability. The development of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is very important for the sustainable development of tourism because historical tourism products can reflect historical values and stories while meeting the emotional needs of tourists.This study aims to explore a new approach in improving sustainable tourism destination development centered on the concept of religious reputation culture. Religious reputation culture is a set of structures, routines, rules, and norms that guide and limit behavior that distinguishes members of one organization from another and is used as a collective perception and assessment of the good name of a tourism destination.The new concept of religious reputation culture plays an important role when an organization engaged in the tourism industry is faced with a change in new habits. The contribution of this research is mainly to the study of reputation and religiosity that when a destination is faced with a different condition, tourists will look for a reputable destination. The pandemic condition encourages tourists to be more aware with a reputation that is halal, thoyib and safe. With the phenomenon of tourism 4.0 accompanied by tremendeous changes in costumer megashifts, tourist destinations must be able to explore and exploit existing knowledge to form a culture of religious reputation as the main capital in carrying out innovation strategies carried out by destinations in order to achieve sustainable destination performance. With a religious reputation culture, the Indonesian’s reputation as a safe, comfortable and competitive tourism destination needs to be continuously developed through various means, so that a positive image will continue to be raised and widely informed, to encourage tourists to have interest and motivation to visit Indonesia. Key word :Religious Reputation Culture; Sustainable Tourism Development; Community Based Tourism

Reconstruction of Archaeological Sites in Virtual Environment: Case Study of Wat Mahathat, Sukhothai Historical Park World Heritage

Historical tourism is a form of tourism that has become popular and has created revenue for the local communities. Tourists who are interested in visiting and learning from historical monuments are often met with disappointment due to the monument’s poor condition. They receive most of the information about the monuments from guidebooks or description plagues at the site. Therefore, they are unable to fully perceive monuments in their original state. Moreover, environmental factors such as temperature, sunlight, seasons and climate can sometimes interrupt the learning experience at the real location. The objective of this research is to create a newtype of learning tool that reconstructs dilapidated historical monument in virtual environment. The case study is Wat Mahathat and it’s immediate physical surroundings at the Sukhothai Historical Park in Sukhothai province. This historical park is an important site for the study of architecture and archeology. However, the architecture in the Sukhothai Historical Park has suffered from tremendous damages overtime. In current state, there are only ruins of buildings, columns, remnants of chedis, Mondapus and Viharas. The archeological evidence, empirical studies and field survey inform the process of architectural analysis which is an important tool in estimating and finally reconstructing the original design of the architecture. This learning tool will be a pivotal equipment that tourism organizations can further develop in order to enhance historical tourism prior to the actual location. Moreover, this research will be a part of standard setting for sustainable tourism.

A Cultural-History Analysis on Malay-Islamic Heritage of Siak Sri Indrapura through the Historical Urban Landscape Approach in Pekanbaru City

<p><em>The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura plays a vital role in the history of the development of Islam and Malay culture in Pekanbaru City. Pekanbaru City is a cultural-historical tourist attraction through the Malay-Islamic landscape, which can be seen from its historical heritage. The historical heritage is a Malay-Islamic cultural heritage building that still exists today. This study will explain the analysis of cultural history and its preservation management. The method used is qualitative with a Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach. The study's results showed 16 cultural heritage sites with varying levels of management, five sites in very well-maintained condition, three well maintained, and eight poorly maintained. Several challenges are faced: damaged buildings, incomplete historical data, regulations, and the absence of tourist programs. In addition, the distance between cultural heritage and the enthusiasm of the Malay community is a potential that needs to be optimized. The vision is to make Pekanbaru City the center of Malay-Islamic identity based on the waterfront city through the concept of preservation. The proposed preservation management is a historical tourism development program to connect cultural heritage buildings based on tourist trails that prioritize cultural and historical interpretation effectiveness and efficiency.</em></p>

Identification of environmental impacts on the Ton-dano Coastal tourism area as the basis for the de-velopment of environmental documents

Environmental documents are the main requirement in development. The environmental document is prepared as a study in monitoring the quality of the environment both at the activity location and in the area around the development. The development of tourist areas certainly requires a study of the identification of environmental impacts. This research is an initial effort to identify environmental impacts on the coastal tourism area of Lake Tondano as the basis for the preparation of environmental documents, including AMDAL, UPL-UKL and SPPL. Identification is carried out starting from the pre-construction stage, construction stage, and operational stage, so that by identifying all impacts, management efforts can immediately be carried out to reduce the impact of damage that will occur.The focus of the research is on the tourist area on the coast of Lake Tondano. The research method is descriptive qualitative, preceded by field observations of the types of tourism that exist and then described according to the stage of the identification of environmental impacts. The results of the research around Tondano are lake nature tourism, culinary tourism, historical tourism and trade.

Understanding the role of counselors on teenagers promisquity with outbound techniques through natural and historical tourism

This paper aims to understand the role of Guidance and Counseling teachers (counselors) in overcoming promisquity among school adolescents. This paper based on the results of qualitative research, using a phenomenological perspective, especially on the narratives of everyday life with the subjects of counselors and students of SMA Negeri 30, Banda Naira, Central Maluku. Data collection techniques using interviews, descriptive-qualitative analysis observation. The results showed that the there are two causes of this promisquity – internal and external causes. Internal causes are originate from the individual itself, such as lack of understanding of religion and adolescents who have weak mental (rationality and emotionality). The external causes are originate from outside - the environment that is not conducive such as lack of parental attention, family conditions that are less harmonious (broken home), the influence of the local social environment, and the influence of social media. The counselor's effort in overcoming the promisquity of adolescents at SMA Negeri 30 Maluku Tengah was through natural and historical tourism outbound techniques, which is another form of outbound technique in the group counseling model.

Web-Based Majapahit Eduwisata Application in Mojokerto Regency

Mojokerto has a very abundant local history. The Majapahit Kingdom was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that last ruled the archipelago and is considered the largest kingdom in Indonesian history. Mojokerto. Students also often conduct historical studies by learning directly to these historical places. Because it is considered that learning from books is less effective, starting from the pictures that are displayed only in black and white, taking pictures is less attractive so that it affects students in seeing the shape of the site building. With the condition of learning to use books that are less efficient in seeing the shape of the building. Thus, a web-based historical tourism information system is needed by providing 3-dimensional features. Where 3-dimensional images can be used by users to see images become more real than through the media of books. Based on the above background, the researchers are interested in creating an information system with the title "Application of Web-Based Majapahit Edutourism in Mojokerto Regency.

PENERAPAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL PADA RANCANGAN BUKU ELEKTRONIK PANDUAN PERJALANAN WISATA SEJARAH KOTA BANDUNG

Historical tourism resources are one of the comparative and comparative advantages of Bandung city to other tourist destinations in Indonesia. The special characteristic of historical tourism is that the power of narratives poses a broader need for means of interpretation in the form of travel guides. Through the application of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this applied research reveals the process of designing electronic guidebooks that can be used as a means of interpretation for historical tourism visitors in The City of Bandung. The method of design with descriptive writing pattern is used to produce research reports on the design of electronic guidebook products in Bandung. This applied study has gathered opinions from 132 respondents through the dissemination of questionnaires about the components of travel guidebooks in accordance with the concept of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which is then analyzed descriptively. This applied research has resulted in a travel guidebook product and an understanding that tourists have a need for travel guidebooks that are easy to use and useful for themselves.

Feruloyl Esterases Protein Engineering to Enhance Their Performance as Biocatalysts: A Review.

Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) are versatile enzymes able to release hydroxycinnamic acids or synthesize their ester derivatives, both molecules with interesting biological activities such as: antioxidants, antifungals, antivirals, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, among others. The importance of these molecules in medicine, food or cosmetic industries provides FAEs with several biotechnological applications as key industrial biocatalysts. However, FAEs have some operational limitations that must be overcome, which can be addressed through different protein engineering approaches to enhance their thermal stability, catalytic efficiencies, and selectivity. This review aims to present a brief historical tour through the mutagenesis strategies employed to improve enzymes performance and analyze the current protein engineering strategies applied to FAEs as interesting biocatalysts. Finally, an outlook of the future of FAEs protein engineering approaches to achieve successful industrial biocatalysts is given.

Analysis of the Surakarta Palace as a Historical Tourist Spot and Its Role in the Present (Historical and Descriptive Studies)

<p><em>Keraton Surakarta is a historical tourist attraction as well as cultural preservation which until now still exists and has not been lost by civilization. Keraton Surakarta adheres to the acculturation of culture from the time of their ancestors. Until now, the Surakarta Palace has been led by 12 kings, starting from Paku Buwono II to the king who is currently on the throne of the Surakarta Palace, Paku Buwono XIII. This study will explain the history, culture, and influence of the Surakarta palace in the present. The method used is a qualitative method with a historical and descriptive approach with four stages, namely: Heuristics, Source Criticism, Interpretation, and Word Historiography as well as data triangulation and data reduction. The Surakarta Palace is one of the historical heritages in Indonesia. In addition, the efforts made by the palace to introduce the life and heritage of the palace to the public, in this case tourists, are a public historical activity. Public history activities basically reflect the fighting spirit to keep trying to be able to return historical ownership to the general public.</em></p>

Transformation of Cruise Tourism Management in Ukraine

The transformation of cruise tourism management in Ukraine and peculiarities of its development at certain historical stages, which allows estimating the internal potential of cruise tourism, problems and development prospects in a turbulent modern age is considered in the article. The main goal is to conceptualize developments in the field of management and history of cruise tourism, as well as generalize leading practices on this issue to form a modern model of cruise tourism management in Ukraine. After all, in the context of globalization, the issue of considering the evolution of industries, sectors of the economy, as well as determining the segments of their active growth and development trends in general remains relevant. Systematization of literary sources and experts’ points of views has shown that the scientific discourse is fragmented and briefly touches upon the research on the features and problems of cruise tourism in Ukraine from the standpoint of transforming approaches to its management. The urgency of the study is due to the fact that currently there is no thorough analysis of the history of cruise tourism in Ukraine in general and retrospectives of its management in particular. After all, the formation of the industry occurs at the intersection of different areas as a result of management decisions that accumulate the potential for diffusion of innovations and aimed at forming new value chains, creating latent demand in the existing system of government, i.e. taking into account current and strategic risks. The methodological basis of the study consists of management, tourism and economic theories, which tools are able to form a theoretical and methodological basis for determining the directions of transformation of cruise tourism management in Ukraine. The object of research is the process of conducting a detailed analysis of the historical background and patterns of transformation of cruise tourism management in our country. With this in mind, the advantages and disadvantages of cruise tourism management at different stages of its development are identified. It is found out that the management of cruise tourism at the present stage is inefficient, and the restoration of its development to the level of the 1990s requires state support in terms of the relevant infrastructure and restrictions on the operation of passenger ships that do not meet environmental standards in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. Emphasis is also made on the importance of supply differentiation in cruise tourism as an effective management model of its development. It is not unreasonable to say that the potential of cruise tourism has not yet been fully explored, thus, effective measures should be taken to support and promote this type of recreation given the experience of world leaders in tourism, who actively develop water transport through science and technology. The study highlights the historical transformation of cruise companies' offerings and predicts that due to innovative solutions to ensure their competitiveness, domestic cruise companies will be able not only to develop this type of tourism, but also to maintain their market share in a changing environment. The study confirms and theoretically proves that historical changes in the development of the tourist cruise market determine the need to monitor its subjects and the level of their innovation. The analysis shows that the consolidation of the global cruise market increases security guarantees for tourists and their awareness under the conditions of the current turbulent age, reduces the risk of the cruise product, ensuring its quality standardization of social responsibility, continuous development and service improvement. The historical angle for the research of subjects of domestic cruise tourism gives the chance to define development prospects of a cruise tourist product which should be formed on the basis of both world technological innovations and independent innovative search. The praxeological results of this study should intensify the introduction of modern balanced approaches to the development of cruise tourism and its product into the service market, taking into account leading international practices.

Konsep pengembangan wisata garam Madura dengan analisis SWOT

This study aimed to determine the impact of salt tourism on salt farmers and the surrounding community and to find out the problems faced by salt tourism managers in Bunder Village, Pamekasan Regency. In addition, this study aims to examine and analyze the development of salt tourism in Madura. This study uses a quantitative approach. Sampling was done using the snowball sampling technique. The respondents of this study were salt farmers, village officials, tourism managers, village communities, and tourist visitors. Data collection techniques with interviews, field observations, and documentation. The analysis technique uses SWOT analysis. Based on the research results, it is known that the potential of salt land in four districts in Madura can be used as an opportunity to develop attractive salt tourism through the concept of salt tourism education (edutourism) and packaged with cultural and historical tourism. The salt tourism offered is unique, which gives visitors a different experience. The development of Madura salt tourism can be carried out optimally if there is a cooperation between academics, government, entrepreneurs, and the community