History Of Tobacco Consumption Research Articles

Comparison of narrow band imaging versus white light imaging in detecting non muscle invasive bladder cancer.

In the present study, we compared Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) and White Light Cystoscopy (WLC) in Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for detection and its impact on recurrence. This prospective study was conducted in the department of Urology at a tertiary institution from August 2021 to April 2023. The main aim was to determine the benefit of addition of NBI during TURBT in NMIBC. All patients with Urinary Bladder Mass (size less than 5 cm on USG/CT) aged >18 years of age planned for TURBT were included. Amongst 63 patients, the mean age was 59.84 ± 11.3 years; 80% were males. Sixty percent of patients had history of Tobacco consumption and Type II DM was the most common comorbidity (59%). Commonest symptom was gross haematuria. Posterior wall was most commonly involved and papillary lesions were commonest. A total of 125 lesions were identified on WLI, with mean 1.98 ± 1.75 and 78 additional lesions were identified only on NBI with mean 1.24 ± 1.63 lesions. Four patients had intra-operative complications. Five patients had recurrence at 6 weeks and eight patients had recurrence at 3 months. NBI had detected more lesions in patients who developed recurrence at 6 weeks and 3 months (mean: 1.41 and 1.43). NBI has additive role in detecting NMIBC lesions missed on WLI. NBI has significant role in preventing recurrence at 3 months and more so by detecting high grade tumours.

Temporal Trends in the Completeness of Epidemiological Variables in a Hospital-Based Cancer Registry of a Pediatric Oncology Center in Brazil.

This ecological time series study aimed to examine the temporal trends in the completeness of epidemiological variables from a hospital-based cancer registry (HbCR) of a reference center for pediatric oncology in Brazil from 2010 to 2016. Completeness categories were based on the percentage of missing data, with the categories excellent (<5%), good (5-10%), regular (11-20%), poor (21-50%), and very poor (>50%). Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed using R.4.1.0; a Mann-Kendall trend test was performed to examine the temporal trends. Variables with the highest incompleteness included race/color (17.24% in 2016), level of education (51.40% in 2015), TNM (56.88% in 2012), disease status at the end of the first treatment (12.09% in 2013), cancer family history (79.12% in 2013), history of alcoholic consumption (39.25% in 2015), history of tobacco consumption (38.32% in 2015), and type of admission clinic (10.28% in 2015). Nevertheless, most variables achieved 100% completeness and were classified as excellent across the time series. A significant trend was observed for race/color, TNM, and history of tobacco consumption. While most variables maintained excellent completeness, the increasing incompleteness trend in race/color and decreasing trend in TNM underscore the importance of reliable and complete HbCRs for personalized cancer care, for planning public policies, and for conducting research on cancer control.

Detection of NTRK fusions by RNA-based nCounter is a feasible diagnostic methodology in a real-world scenario for non-small cell lung cancer assessment

NTRK1, 2, and 3 fusions are important therapeutic targets for NSCLC patients, but their prevalence in South American admixed populations needs to be better explored. NTRK fusion detection in small biopsies is a challenge, and distinct methodologies are used, such as RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS), immunohistochemistry, and RNA-based nCounter. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and concordance of positive samples for NTRK fusions using a custom nCounter assay in a real-world scenario of a single institution in Brazil. Out of 147 NSCLC patients, 12 (8.2%) cases depicted pan-NTRK positivity by IHC. Due to the absence of biological material, RNA-based NGS and/or nCounter could be performed in six of the 12 IHC-positive cases (50%). We found one case exhibiting an NTRK1 fusion and another an NTRK3 gene fusion by both RNA-based NGS and nCounter techniques. Both NTRK fusions were detected in patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma, with no history of tobacco consumption. Moreover, no concomitant EGFR, KRAS, and ALK gene alterations were detected in NTRK-positive patients. The concordance rate between IHC and RNA-based NGS was 33.4%, and between immunohistochemistry and nCounter was 40%. Our findings indicate that NTRK fusions in Brazilian NSCLC patients are relatively rare (1.3%), and RNA-based nCounter methodology is a suitable approach for NRTK fusion identification in small biopsies.

Incompleteness trends of epidemiological variables in a Brazilian high complexity cancer registry: An ecological time series study.

Hospital Cancer Registries serve as a vital source of information for clinical and epidemiological research, allowing the evaluation of patient care outcomes through therapeutic protocol analysis and patient survival assessment. This study aims to assess the trend of incompleteness in the epidemiological variables within the Hospital Cancer Registry of a renowned oncology center in a Brazilian state. An ecological time-series study was conducted using secondary data from the Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia Cancer Registry in Espírito Santo between 2000 and 2016. Data completeness was categorized as follows: excellent (<5%), good (5%-10%), fair (10%-20%), poor (20%-50%), and very poor (>50%), based on the percentage of missing information. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were performed using the free software RStudio (version 2022.07.2) and R (version 4.1.0). The Mann-Kendall test was used to assess temporal trends between the evaluated years, and the Friedman test was employed to evaluate quality scores across the years. Among the variables assessed, birthplace, race/color, education, occupation, origin, marital status, history of alcohol and tobacco consumption, previous diagnosis and treatment, the most important basis for tumor diagnosis, tumor-node-metastasis staging (TNM) staging, and clinical tumor staging by group (TNM) showed the highest levels of incompleteness. Conversely, other epidemiological variables demonstrated excellent completeness, reaching 100% throughout the study period. Significant trends were observed over the years for history of alcohol consumption (P < .001), history of tobacco consumption (P < .001), TNM staging (P = .016), clinical tumor staging by group (TNM) (P = .002), first treatment received at the hospital (P = .012), disease status at the end of the first treatment at the hospital (P < .001), and family history of cancer (P < .001), and tumor laterality (P = .032). While most epidemiological variables within the Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia Cancer Registry exhibited excellent completeness, some important variables, such as TNM staging and clinical staging, showed high levels of incompleteness. Ensuring high-quality data within Cancer Registries is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the health-disease process.

Tobacco Usage and Its Association With Mental Health Status of School-Going Adolescents Near Patna, Bihar: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern India.

Background Of all the adolescents in India, 7.3% are suffering from some form of mental disorder. They frequently use tobacco to cope with these problems, but get stuck in a vicious cycle of deteriorating mental health. Our study aimed to determine the effect of tobacco on the mental health status of adolescents studying in the 9th to 12th standards in 10 high schools in urban and rural areas near Patna, Bihar. Methodology An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 school-going adolescents recruited using stratified random sampling. Selected adolescents were given the Indian Adolescent Health Questionnaire. The mental health status was calculated from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) score. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco use was also obtained. Independent t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis were used for predicting the significant factors. Significance was set at p-values <0.05. Results In this study, 40 (11.1%) adolescents had abnormal whereas 55 (15.3%) had borderline overall SDQ scores. The majority of those affected had peer problems (40%) and conduct problems (24.7%). All SDQ components of conduct (F = 2.94, p = 0.013), hyperactivity (F = 2.90, p = 0.014), emotional problems (F = 1.14, p = 0.001), and peer pressure (F = 3.06, p = 0.010), as well as the overall SDQ score (F = 5.74, p < 0.001), were significantly associated with increasing age. The adolescents attending rural schools (13.28 ± 5.22, p = 0.047) had significantly higher SDQ scores than those attending urban schools (12.08 ± 5.60). Hyperactivity scores were significantly higher in those studying in class 10 compared to other classes and in those attending rural rather than urban schools. Emotional problems score was significantly higher in 16-17-year-old students than in 14-15-year-old students, in females than in males, and in class 10 than in class 9 students. Only 24 (6.7%) adolescents had a history of tobacco consumption at least once which was significantly associated with the SDQ score (17.71 ± 5.69; t = 4.95, df = 358, p < 0.001). Around 79.4% of adolescents were exposed to passive smoking from close friends which deteriorated their overall mental health status (14.50 ± 5.99; F = 6.29, df = 2,357, p = 0.002). Those who had smoked for more than 10 days had significantly greater conduct problems and lesser pro-social behavior. Overall, 96.1% agreed that tobacco is harmful to health, and 76.1% had seen anti-smoking messages in the media. Female gender, increasing class and age, and history of smoking or chewing tobacco at least once also led to a significant increase in emotional problems. Age, area of the school, history of tobacco consumption, and exposure to cigarette smoke by either a close friend or male guardian had a significant impact on the conduct, hyperactivity, peer problems, and overall mental health status of school-going adolescents. Conclusions Predicting risk factors such as age, area of the school, and the history of tobacco consumption by self or by close friends is important for decision-making by school administration regarding counseling for mental health and preventing tobacco use.

Epidemiological Study to Assess the Prevalence of Lung Cancer in patients with smoking-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: PREVALUNG study protocol

IntroductionEligibility criteria definition for a lung cancer screening (LCS) is an unmet need. We hypothesised that patients with a history of atheromatous cardiovascular disease (ACVD) associated with tobacco consumption are...

Effects of Smoking on Optic Nerve Head Microvasculature Density in Glaucoma.

Decreased superficial whole image capillary density was observed in open angle glaucoma (OAG) patients with high smoking intensity. To investigate the effects of smoking on optic nerve head capillary density measured by optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with OAG. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, perimetric and preperimetric glaucoma patients enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) with optical coherence tomography angiography follow-up were included. Univariable and multivariable linear mixed analysis were performed to determine the effects of different variables on the superficial whole image capillary density. A total of 432 eyes of 271 glaucoma patients comprising 63 preperimetric (106 eyes) and 208 perimetric OAG (326 eyes) were included. A history of tobacco consumption was reported in 105 (38.8%). Among smokers, mean (95% confidence interval) smoking intensity was 12.8 (10.2, 15.5) pack-years. After adjusting for age, glaucoma severity and other confounders, each 10 pack-year increase in smoking intensity (95% confidence interval) was associated with -0.54 (-1.06, -0.02) % lower whole image capillary density ( P =0.041). Smoking intensity is associated with reduced optic nerve vessel density in glaucoma.

A retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients presented with vascular problems: a single center experience

Background: The aim of the study was to analyse clinical, biochemical parameters and treatment outcomes of COVID-19 patients with vascular disease.Methods: Retrospective analysis of data of COVID patients from May 2020 until July 2021.Results: 7 patients had arterial disease alone, 3 arterial and venous, 4 venous alone. Mean age of patients with arterial disease was 52. 80% were diabetic, 30% hypertensive, 30% thyroid disorders. 10% past CVA, 10% had past PAD history. 10% had history of tobacco consumption. 50% had severe and 20% had moderate COVID, 30% were post discharge. Mean duration of presentation was 20.1±18.6 days after COVID diagnosis; mean duration of symptoms 8.8±11.8 days. 50% femoro-popliteal segment and 20% iliac segment was involved. 10% each were subclavian, axillary and brachial occlusions. Mean±SD CRP, ESR and D-dimer at admission were 74.36±71.35, 97±38.5 and 1360±1538 respectively. 3 surgical, 1 medical intervention resulted in limb salvage in 4 patients (9.25 month follow up; 2 upper, 2 lower limb). 3 patients required trans-tibial or above amputations. Death occurred in 2 patients. The four patients with COVID induced VTE had no comorbidities, presented mean 5.75 days of symptom onset; COVID diagnosis mean 23.33 days prior. External iliac to popliteal vein was the most common pattern (75%). Mean CRP and ESR were lower than in the arterial cases. One patient underwent IVC filter placement and CDT; for another IVC filter was placed. All four were discharged uneventfully.Conclusions: Patients who developed arterial disease mostly had comorbidities, more severe COVID disease and higher mean inflammatory markers.

An International Delphi Consensus on Diagnostic Criteria for Buerger's Disease

Buerger's disease (BD) remains a debilitating condition. Despite multiple published diagnostic criteria for BD, none is universally accepted as a gold standard. We conducted a 2-round modified Delphi consensus studyto establish a consensus on the diagnostic. The questionnaire included statements from several commonly used diagnostic criteria for BD. Qualitative and quantitative analysis methods were performed. An agreement level of 70% was applied. Twenty nine experts from 18 countries participated in this study. Overall, 75 statements were circulated in Round 1. Of these, 28% of statements were accepted. Following comments, 21 statements were recirculated in Round 2 and 90% were accepted. Although more than 90% of the experts did not agree that the diagnosis of BD can be based only on clinical manifestation, none of the nonclinical manifestations of BD were agreed as a part of the diagnostic criteria. There was an agreement that a history of tobacco consumption in any form, not necessarily confined to the current use, should be a part of the diagnostic criteria of BD. The history of thrombophlebitis migrans, even if not present at presentation, was accepted as a clue for BD diagnosis. It was also agreed that discoloration of the toes or fingers could be included in the diagnostic criteria of BD. Experts agreed that histology results could differentiate BD from atherosclerosis obliterans and other types of vasculitis. The presence of corkscrew collaterals on imaging and burning pain reached the agreement at the first round but not at the second. There was no consensus regarding age cut-off, the requirement of normal lipid profile, and normal blood glucose for BD diagnosis. The present study demonstrated discrepancies in the various published diagnostic criteria for BD and their selective utilization in routine clinical practice worldwide. We propose that all published diagnostic criteria for BD be re-evaluated for harmonization and universal use.

P62.01 PREVALUNG: Evaluation of Lung Cancer Prevalence in Patients With Smocking-associated Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in France and Worldwide. Lung cancer screening based on low dose thoracic computed tomography (low dose CT) in patients selected on age and lifelong tobacco consumption has proven to improve lung cancer related mortality. However, the definition and identification of patients eligible for lung cancer screening is a challenge that may limit lung cancer screening program implementation. Epidemiological data shows that 30 to 40% of patients with lung cancer present a history of cardiovascular disease, mainly atheromatous diseases such as peripheral arterial diseases and coronary artery stenoses. We hypothesized that patients with history of smoking who developed atheromatous disease could represent a population at high risk to develop lung cancer. Our main objective was to evaluate the prevalence of lung cancer among patients with atherosclerotic disease and history of tobacco consumption. Our second objective was to evaluate the lung cancer screening program implemented to measure the prevalence. We implemented a monocentric prospective epidemiological study to evaluate the prevalence of lung cancer among 500 patients with inclusion criteria i.e age 45-75 years old, history of at least 10 years of daily tobacco consumption preceding the onset of an atherosclerotic disease. Principal exclusion criteria were history of active carcinoma < 5 years, symptoms of lung cancer, follow-up for lung nodules and grade IV dyspnea. Patients with inclusion criteria are referred for an inclusion visit (V0) with a thoracic surgeon by adult cardiologists, vascular surgeons and adult cardiac surgeons in charge of the patient. After information and inclusion, a low dose CT scan is scheduled within 7 months and a smoking cessation visit is proposed in case of active smoking. Blood and gut microbiota samples are harvested the day of the low dose CT. Positive low-dose CT are discussed weekly at the multidisciplinary thoracic oncologic staff meeting and managed accordingly to the current European and national recommendations. A clinical follow-up is scheduled by phone at 3, 6 and 12 months after the low-dose CT to evaluate oncologic and cardiovascular events. Between November 2019 and April 2021 we included 487 of the 500 patients scheduled, 330 low dose CT were completed, 7 localized primary lung cancer were resected by minimally invasive lobectomy, 1 patient was treated by radiation alone without pathological proof for a lung nodule, 1 patient was related with systemic therapy for a stage IV primary lung cancer and 2 patients are waiting for surgical resection for clinically localized lung cancers. The implementation of a lung cancer screening program dedicated to patients followed-up for tobacco related atherosclerotic diseases is feasible and will allow to evaluate both lung cancer prevalence and short-term benefits of lung cancer screening in this population.

Oral and Esophageal Cancer: Incidence, Prevalence and Correlation in General Indian Population: A retrospective Study.

Background:Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent head-and-neck malignancy and chiefly encompasses malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, pharynx, and larynx.Objectives:The current study was conducted to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, and correlation of oral and esophageal cancer in the Indian population.Materials and Methods:The present study was conducted on the basis of data collected from various government cancer hospitals in India. A total of 1000 patients of either sex admitted to the oncology ward with head-and-neck cancer from June 2018 to June 2020 were included in the study. Information regarding family history, deleterious habits, and immunity status was also collected from their medical records. The readings were recorded in a master chart, and data analysis was carried out statistically.Results:A total of 1000 patients (617 males and 383 females) between the age range of 38 and 86 years were selected for the study. A total of 425 out of 1000 patients had esophageal cancer, whereas, 575 patients had oral cancer. A total of 347 males and 228 females had oral cancer, whereas 270 males and 155 females had esophageal cancer. Among the patients with oral cancer, 44 presented with a history of cigarette smoking, 49 with bidi smoking, 140 with tobacco chewing, 142 with gutkha chewing, and 159 with betel quid chewing. Majority of the patients had a habit of consuming tobacco in smokeless form. Among the patients with esophageal cancer, 175 presented with a history of cigarette smoking, 136 with bidi smoking, 12 with tobacco chewing, 13 with gutkha chewing, and nine with betel quid chewing.Conclusion:The incidence of both types of cancer was high in older age group, particularly in those aged above 50 years. Males had a higher predilection rate than females for both cancer types. The incidence of oral cancer was higher than that of esophageal cancer. Majority of the patients with oral cancer had a history of tobacco consumption in smokeless form, whereas the ones with esophageal cancer reported with a history of tobacco consumption in smoked form.

Proteomic Alterations Associated with Oral Cancer Patients with Tobacco Using Habits.

Tobacco abuse is a major risk factor associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Differences in molecular aberrations induced by tobacco exposure by chewing or smoking form are not well studied in case of oral cancer. We used tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic approach to delineate proteomic alterations in oral cancer patients based on their history of tobacco using habits (patients who chewed tobacco, patients who smoked tobacco, and those with no history of tobacco consumption). Our data identified distinct dysregulation of biological processes and pathways in each patient cohort. Bioinformatics analysis of dysregulated proteins identified in our proteomic study revealed dysregulation of collagen formation and antigen processing/presentation pathway in oral cancer patients who smoked tobacco, whereas proteins associated with the process of keratinization showed enrichment in patients who chewed tobacco. In addition, we identified overexpression of proteins involved in immune pathways and downregulation of muscle contraction-mediated signaling events in all three cohorts, irrespective of tobacco using habits. This study lays the groundwork for identification of protein markers that may aid in identification of high-risk patients for cancer development based on the history of tobacco exposure habits.

Do patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma express receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1? Results of an observational study.

Context:The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a transmembrane protein of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. The expression of ROR1 has been linked to cancers.Aims:This study aimed to investigate the expression of ROR1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Settings and Design:This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary referral center for treatment of oral carcinoma from November 2013 to December 2016.Subjects and Methods:One-step quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (30 oral cancer tissues and ten normal oral tissue samples) was performed to characterize the expression of the ROR1 gene in oral cancer.Statistical Analysis Used:Analyses of all tumor samples were carried out at least twice, and the mean value was calculated. The differences in ROR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression between OSCC tissue and nontumorous gingival tissue was statistically analyzed using Mann–Whitney U-test. The correlations between the clinicopathological parameters and ROR1 mRNA expression were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test χ2 value.Results:There were 17, 5, 3 and 1 cases of OSCC of buccal mucosa, tongue and lower alveolus lip, respectively. Nearly 88.5% of cases had a history of tobacco consumption. The most common OSCC type was T2N1M0. There was no difference in ROR1 fold change between controls and cases (P = 0.06), but there was a trend for downregulation of ROR1 expression from controls to cases. Subgroup analysis revealed the downregulation of ROR1 expression in controls versus Grade II that was significant (P = 0.04).Conclusions:There was no change in the expression of ROR1 between cases and controls. A study involving a larger sample size needs to be formulated and conducted for investigating the relation between expression and regulation of ROR1 in OSCC.

Ventral hernia from routine repairs to abdominal wall reconstruction: our initial experience

Background: Loss of continuity of abdominal wall significantly affects the functions of protection of viscera, postural stabilization, and maintenance of intra-abdominal pressure. The newer understanding of abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) aims at restoring abdominal wall anatomy and function, instead of simply patching the defect. We want to showcase the changing trends and results in hernia repair at a Medical Institution.Methods: This is an observational retrospective study conducted in RRMCH, Bengaluru from July 2018-2019 including all patients with ventral hernia undergoing the specified hernia repairs.Results: A total of 54 patients with ventral hernias undergoing routine hernia repairs/AWR surgeries were retrospectively analysed. The overall mean age was 46.62±12.44 year. Majority subjects were females (n=37; 68.5%), and overweight (Mean BMI=28.07±3.01/m2). 14 patients (25.92%), all males, had history of tobacco consumption. There were 38 (70.37%) primary ventral hernias and 7 recurrent hernias. Overall mean defect size was 10.2±0.4 cm. Most frequently performed was open retro rectus Hernioplasty (n=18; 33.33%), followed by open Preperitoneal Hernioplasty (n=17; 31.48%), laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) (n=16; 29.62%) and open transversus abdominis release (TAR) (n=3; 5.5%). On statistical analysis, it was found that Open repairs had higher post-operative pain (p=0.0005), longer hospitalization (p=0.0002) and higher incidence of surgical site events (p=0.0134) when compared to Laparoscopic repairs.Conclusion: As known already, minimally invasive techniques of hernia surgeries are shown to have acceptable outcomes when compared to radical open surgeries. Newer techniques of AWR are being employed to routine cases in larger numbers, and not just for complex reconstruction, at most centres with acceptable outcomes.

Etiological and clinical profile of patients with lesions of oral cavity and oropharynx

Oral lesions contribute a major part in head neck diseasesIn India, head and neck cancers (HNCA) account for 30-40% cancers at all sites, out of which 9.4% being oral cancers. Oral cavity and oropharynx lesions have a major impact on physical, social and economic condition of the patient. To study the etiological and clinical profile of patients with lesions of oral cavity and oropharynx.Prospective study. Total 100 samples of oral cavity and oropharynx lesions were studied. Data collected with pre tested questionnaire. Data included sociodemographic data, history, risk factors associated with disease, clinical examination and pathological report of the patient. Appropriate statistical tests.Present study includes 100 cases of oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions out of which 19% were inflammatory lesions, 10% tumour like lesions, 4% benign lesions, 4% premalignant lesions and 63% malignant lesions. Male to female ratio of 1.7:1. Among malignant lesions in our study, 60.3% had history of tobacco consumption, 17.5% consumed both alcohol and tobacco, 9.5% were alcoholics and 12.7% patients did not have any habits.

Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and mortality in older adults with cardiovascular disease

Objective: To determine the association between mortality and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults with cardiovascular disease by adjusting a T2DM model with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted with a secondary database analysis of the original article entitled “Prevalence and Factors Associated with Frailty Among Peruvian Older Adults.” No sample size calculation was performed because the research used the data from the participants who met the inclusion criteria. Results: Older adults with T2DM have 10 % more risk of mortality than those who do not have T2DM. The highest frequency of mortality occurred in men. The greater the number of comorbidities, the higher the risk of mortality. After applying the Cox proportional hazards model to the research, the most significant risk factors for mortality were frailty and the number comorbidities. Conclusions: T2DM was a risk factor for mortality in older adults with cardiovascular disease in all the models. Additionally, there were other important variables whose impact was directly proportional to the mortality rate in our population and statistically stood out, such as the number of comorbidities and frailty, while the history of tobacco consumption was not significant.

Prevalence of Potentially Malignant Lesions and Oral Cancer Among Smokers in an Egyptian cohort: A Hospital-based Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of potentially malignant lesions and oral cancer among smokers. Methods: The current observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Clinics of Oral Medicine and Periodontology department and the Diagnostic center, Faculty of Dentistry - Cairo University in Cairo- Egypt. Smokers from all age groups and both genders who agreed to sign the informed consent were included in the study. Detailed history of tobacco consumption, different forms of tobacco use, drugs, alcohol consumption and quitting trials were recorded and followed by clinical examination and histopathological assessment of suspicious lesions. Results: Among the 1664 enrolled participants, 3.54% had leukoplakia, 2.88% had oral lichen planus, 1.5% had oral squamous cell carcinoma and 0.12% had verrucous carcinoma. Conclusion: leukoplakia was the most frequently encountered lesion followed by oral lichen planus. Dentists must be aware of the risk of smoking on oral mucosa and the early signs of developing premalignant or malignant lesions.

Malignant and premalignant lesions of the tongue, clinical and histopathological findings for their early detection. Study of two cases

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Background: Squamous cell carcinoma affects subjects between the sixth and seventh decade of life. However, there are growing reports on the involvement of young adults.&#x0D; Clinical Cases: Two male patients aged 40 and 55, with no history of tobacco consumption and occasional alcohol consumption. They presented an exophytic ulcer and a white plaque on the lateral border of the tongue, the first diagnosed as moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma without HPV DNA genotypes and the second as leukoplakia without dysplasia.&#x0D; Conclusions: Risk factors commonly associated with potentially malign disorders and oral cancer, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, were not involved in the present cases. Therefore identify clinical, histopathological and molecular findings, allows the early detection of them, improving the prognosis of these patients.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Risk assessment for osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in patients with head and neck cancer.

ObjectivesTo identify the potential risk factors for the occurrence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws among patients who have been treated with radiotherapy for head and neck malignancy.MethodsThe study comprised of 231 patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck malignancy at a tertiary referral center. The following details were recorded for each patient: age, gender, histopathological diagnosis, clinical staging, tumor site, treatment modality, radiation dose, radiation field, number of fractions, type of accelerator used, radiation area and duration of follow-up. Patient’s tobacco, alcohol habit history, and history of extraction of teeth before/during/after radiotherapy were also noted.ResultsThirteen patients had osteoradionecrosis (frequency 5.62%). Among the radiotherapy variables assessed, increased radiation area was found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of osteoradionecrosis. Among the 13 ORN cases, 10 (76.9%) had a history of tobacco consumption, 8 (61.5%) had a time interval between radiotherapy and occurrence of ORN of less than 1-year duration.ConclusionsWe found a low cumulative incidence of osteoradionecrosis and a tendency to occur within a year of starting radiotherapy. Patients of older age, those with a prior tobacco habit may be considered more liable to develop osteoradionecrosis. A larger radiation field may also put patients at hazard for developing osteoradionecrosis.

Comparison of Salivary and Serum Alkaline Phosphates Level and Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in Patients with Tobacco Related Oral Lesions with Healthy Subjects - A Step Towards Early Diagnosis

Aim:To evaluate and compare salivary and serum levels of Alkaline Phosphates and Lactate Dehydrogenase in patients without the habit of tobacco, in patients with the habit of tobacco, in patients with benign oral lesions and in patients with oral premalignant lesions and oral malignant lesions. Material and Methodology:This study was comprised of 500 subjects, Group I: 100 healthy individuals without the habit of tobacco usage formed the control group. Group II: 100 patients with the habit of tobacco/ smoking consumption without any oral lesion. Group III: 100 patients with benign oral lesions. Group IV: 100 patients having the history of tobacco consumption and having apparent precancerous lesions like leukoplakia, erythroplakia. Group V:100 patients having frank oral cancer. The grade of dysplasia in these patients was statically correlated with the levels of serum and salivary ALP and LDH. Results:This study revealed that there was high expression of both serum and salivary ALP and LDH in group IV and Group V as compared with the other groups and mean difference showed a statistically significant p value of less than 0.01. This study revealed that the in group V, the highest level of serum and salivary ALP was found in those patients who were reported with poorly differentiated oral cancer. Conclusion:Both Alkaline phosphates and Lactate dehydrogenase could be considered a sensitive markers for the detection of dysplasia with already existing precancancerous and cancerous lesions.