History Of Thoughts Research Articles

Implicit identification with death predicts change in suicide ideation during psychiatric treatment in adolescents.

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors are major public health concerns in youth. Unfortunately, knowledge of reliable predictors of suicide risk in adolescents is limited. Promising research using a death stimuli version of the Implicit Association Test (Death IAT) indicates that stronger identification with death differs between adults with and without a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors and uniquely predicts suicide ideation and behavior. However, research in adolescents is lacking and existing findings have been mixed. This study extends previous research by testing whether implicit identification with death predicts changes in suicide ideation during psychiatric treatment in adolescents. Participants included 276 adolescents, ages 13-19, admitted to a short-term residential treatment program. At hospital admission and discharge, adolescents completed the Death IAT and measures of recent suicidal thoughts. At admission, implicit identification with death was associated with recent suicide ideation, but did not differ between those who engaged in prior suicidal behavior and those who did not. Prospectively, adolescents' implicit identification with death at admission significantly predicted their suicide ideation severity at discharge, above and beyond explicit suicide ideation. However, this effect only was significant for adolescents with longer treatment stays (i.e., more than 13days). Implicit identification with death predicts suicidal thinking among adolescents in psychiatric treatment. Findings clarify over what period of time implicit cognition about death may predict suicide risk in adolescents.

A Clinically Neglected Topic: Risk of Suicide in Transgender Individuals.

The aim of this study was to determine whether adolescence of transgender individuals is characterized by a high risk of suicide. In total, 141 participants with transgenderism were questioned using a semi-structured interview to determine whether participants had current suicidal thoughts, had a lifetime history of such thoughts, or had attempted suicide. These findings were cross-referenced to the participants' sociodemographic characteristics, and information about their families' general attitudes toward sexuality, gender identity, and commitment to religious views. In total, 101 participants attended group psychotherapy sessions for at least a year. In these sessions, family and partner relationships, occupational problems, financial problems, medical issues, and religious concerns were discussed. The incidence of suicide attempts, current suicidal thoughts, and lifetime suicidal thoughts were 29.8%, 9.2%, and 55.3%, respectively. In total, 76.7% of the suicide attempts occurred before the age of 21. Transsexual individuals present a high risk of suicide, particularly during adolescence. This finding may be considered a sign for taking action to prevent suicide when working with transgender individuals, particularly during adolescence.

서양 기호 사상사에 대한 비판적 검토 및 신소쉬르주의적 연구를 위한 서설

서양 기호 사상사에 대한 비판적 검토 및 신소쉬르주의적 연구를 위한 서설

Hetu and Luoshu: Retrospect and Prospection

Hetu and Luoshu, the cultural heritages that reflect ancient Chinese wisdom, are the origins of Heluo culture. The paper will focus on the present study of Hetu and Luoshu and give a prospection of the study trend by combing and analyzing related texts and documentaries. Hetu and Luoshu, or the Yellow River trigrams and the Luo River trigrams, also the first mystical images in Chinese graphemic culture, are regarded as the origin of Heluo culture and feature prominently in the history of Chinese culture and Chinese thoughts. The Legend of Hetu and Luoshu, which was included in the fourth group of National Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2014, is the fountainhead of Chinese nation and witness the long history of Chinese civilization.

Study of Risk Factors of Academic Underperformance in Rural School Children in a Coastal District of Odisha

Aim: A scientific and systematic research was made to find the incidence and etiology of academic underperformance focusing on student, teacher, parent and other social factors and its impact on children. Material and Method: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in three schools of some parts of rural areas of Odisha with 125 students of class VIII with less than 35% aggregate marks. Parents, Class teachers and Head of the schools were interviewed through questionnaires and interview schedules. Results: All the students belong to age group of 12-16 years. The ratio of males (85) to females (40) is 2.1:1. Parental illiteracy and no contribution in academics in 88% of the students is one of the important factors in their underperformance. 41.2% of the fathers are alcoholic and 7.2% students face domestic violence. Other causes of academic underperformance are attendance <40% in 44%, visual acuity <6/18 in 8.8%, acute illness (12%), dental caries (28%), worm infestation (21.6%) and other chronic ailments (9.6%). 72% of the students had previous history of academic underperformance. 8.8% of them had history of suicidal and depressive thoughts. Conclusion: Social and family factors have influence on the academic functioning of children. A wholesome approach including finding the etiology and counseling for the students, teachers and parents individually can give a proper direction towards solution for repeated underperformance.

Exploring the association between exposure to suicide and suicide risk among military service members and veterans

BackgroundPast research suggests that suicide has a profound impact on surviving family members and friends; yet, little is known about experiences with suicide bereavement among military populations. This study aimed to characterize experiences with suicide exposure and their associations with lifetime and current psychiatric symptoms among military service members and veterans. MethodsA sample of 1753 United States military service members and veterans completed self-report questionnaires assessing experiences with suicide exposure, lifetime history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, current suicidal symptoms, and perceived likelihood of making a future suicide attempt. ResultsThe majority of participants (57.3%) reported knowing someone who had died by suicide, and of these individuals, most (53.1%) reported having lost a friend to suicide. Chi-square tests, one-way ANOVAs, and logistic regression analyses revealed that those who reported knowing a suicide decedent were more likely to report more severe current suicidal symptoms and a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors compared to those who did not know a suicide decedent. Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that greater self-reported interpersonal closeness to a suicide decedent predicted greater self-reported likelihood of a future suicide attempt, even after controlling for current suicidal symptoms and prior suicidal thoughts and behaviors. LimitationsThis study utilized cross-sectional data, and information regarding degree of exposure to suicide was not collected. ConclusionsMilitary personnel and veterans who have been bereaved by suicide may themselves be at elevated risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Additional work is needed to delineate the relationship between these experiences.

Lew Seung Kug’s Recognition on Relations between Juhng-yaug and History of Korean Thoughts

Lew Seung Kug’s Recognition on Relations between Juhng-yaug and History of Korean Thoughts

Improvements in health-related quality of life among methadone maintenance clients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

BackgroundInjection of heroin has become widespread in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and is spreading throughout the country. To prevent potential bridging of HIV epidemics, the Tanzanian government established a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinic in February 2011. We assess the effect of MMT on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and examine factors, particularly HIV infection and methadone dose, associated with changes in HRQOL. MethodsThis study utilized routine data on clients enrolling in methadone from February 2011 to April 2012 at Muhimbili National Hospital. Change in physical (PCS) and mental health (MCS) composite scores, as measured by the SF-12 tool, were the primary outcomes. Backward stepwise linear regression, with a criterion of p<0.2 was used to identify baseline exposure variables for inclusion in multivariable models, while adjusting for baseline scores. ResultsA total of 288 MMT clients received baseline and follow-up assessments. Mean methadone dose administered was 45mg (SD±25) and 76 (27%) were confirmed HIV-positive. Significant improvements were observed in PCS and MCS, with mean increases of 15.7 and 3.3, respectively. In multivariable models, clients who had previous poly-substance use with cocaine [p=0.040] had a significantly higher mean change in PCS. Clients who were living with HIV [p=0.002]; satisfied with current marital situation [p=0.045]; had a history of suicidal thoughts [p=0.021]; and previously experienced cognitive difficulties [p=0.012] had significantly lower mean change in PCS. Clients with shorter history of heroin use [p=0.012] and who received higher methadone doses [p=0.028] had significantly higher mean change in MCS, compared to their counterparts. ConclusionAspects of mental and physical health, risk behaviors and quality of life among drug users are intertwined and complex. Our research revealed positive short-term effects of MMT on HRQOL and highlights the importance of sustained retention for optimal benefits. Comprehensive supportive services in addition to provision of methadone are needed to address the complex health needs of people who inject drugs.

Mental Health Service Use Among Firefighters With Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors.

This study aimed to characterize rates and correlates of mental health service use, as well as barriers to care, among a sample of firefighters reporting a history of suicide ideation, plans, or attempts during their firefighting careers. Participants (N=483) completed a Web-based survey assessing history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, prior mental health service utilization, and barriers to treatment. Overall, 77% of participants reported receipt of mental health services during their firefighting careers (attempt history, 93%; plan but no attempt, 77%; and ideation only 68%). Firefighters with fewer years of service were less likely than those with more years to have accessed treatment. Service nonusers were more likely than service users to report concerns regarding reputation and embarrassment as barriers to care. Findings from this preliminary investigation suggest that the majority of firefighters with a history of elevated suicide risk have received mental health services.

Pemikiran dan Gerakan Amr Ma‘rûf Nahy Munkar Front Pembela Islam (FPI) di Indonesia 1989-2012

&lt;p&gt;This article explores the history of thoughts and movements of the Front Pembela Islam (FPI) in Indonesia between 1998 and 2012. The study concludes that since many government regulations are violated by the public, including the prohibition of gambling, prostitution and other forms of disobedience and lack of firmness of the government, FPI feels the need to take the initiative to help the government fight against immorality in order to enforce &lt;em&gt;amr ma‘rûf nahy munkar&lt;/em&gt;. This is done through the movement run by the military force of the FPI who often uses means of violence. In line with this study, FPI should not perform &lt;em&gt;nahy munkar&lt;/em&gt; movement using any violent means, such as damaging public facilities, hurting people, and other destructive deeds. The reason is that by doing such violent actions, FPI will not even help resolving the moral problems that occur in Indonesia. In addition, the violent movement does not reflect the image of Islam as a religion of peace.&lt;/p&gt;

Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors as risk factors for future suicide ideation, attempts, and death: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

A history of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) is consistently cited as one of the strongest predictors of future suicidal behavior. However, stark discrepancies in the literature raise questions about the true magnitude of these associations. The objective of this study is to examine the magnitude and clinical utility of the associations between SITBs and subsequent suicide ideation, attempts, and death. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar for papers published through December 2014. Inclusion required that studies include at least one longitudinal analysis predicting suicide ideation, attempts, or death using any SITB variable. We identified 2179 longitudinal studies; 172 met inclusion criteria. The most common outcome was suicide attempt (47.80%), followed by death (40.50%) and ideation (11.60%). Median follow-up was 52 months (mean = 82.52, s.d. = 102.29). Overall prediction was weak, with weighted mean odds ratios (ORs) of 2.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76-2.43] for ideation, 2.14 (95% CI 2.00-2.30) for attempts, and 1.54 (95% CI 1.39-1.71) for death. Adjusting for publication bias further reduced estimates. Diagnostic accuracy analyses indicated acceptable specificity (86-87%) and poor sensitivity (10-26%), with areas under the curve marginally above chance (0.60-0.62). Most risk factors generated OR estimates of <2.0 and no risk factor exceeded 4.5. Effects were consistent regardless of sample severity, sample age groups, or follow-up length. Prior SITBs confer risk for later suicidal thoughts and behaviors. However, they only provide a marginal improvement in diagnostic accuracy above chance. Addressing gaps in study design, assessment, and underlying mechanisms may prove useful in improving prediction and prevention of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Unifying vs. Diversifying Approaches and Relevant Reflection on Translation of Cultural Keywords: Based on the Case Analysis of Junzi and its Counterpart Xiaoren

In the Analects of Confucius, the Bible of Chinese people, junzi and xiaoren, are two contrasting cultural keywords respectively with multiple meanings. There are a variety of target terms for each of them through the interactions between suggestiveness and articulateness, translatability and untranslatability, and between comparability and incommensurability. These target terms may establish in the target culture different conceptual paradigms about the source culture. The strategies of translating cultural keywords should draw support from the history of thoughts and concepts. The methodology needs to be discussed against the cultural background. Unifying these meanings with one term and diversifying the original word with multiple terms are two contradictory but complementary approaches. Through case analysis, this paper aims at presenting how and why the two approaches are used, what are the relationships between them and what insights we can get from the case study in terms of cultural construction and intercultural communication. cultural keywords, things become more complicated even than those of social sciences. Actually, any translated term for cultural keywords, may highlight one or two meanings of the keyword, but conceal the rest or impose upon the keyword extra meanings it does not originally have, but any translated term for it may be reasonable, necessary and constructive, though inadequate. Traditionally there exist two approaches in this regard, unifying the meanings in the keyword with one term or diversifying the keyword with multiple terms, with the former seemingly being preferable and justified according to the principle mentioned above. The two contradictory pursuits, based not convergent and divergent thinking respectively, compete against each other among the translators, but fewer of them account for their preference for one over the other. Although there are established terms for the keyword, the discovery or creation of an infallible and ever-lasting translated terms is still tantalizing. To bring about the similar suggestiveness in the target text, the translator is encouraged to construct a term capable to comprise as many original meanings as possible. The diversifying-purpose translators may be prompted by presenting the multifold meanings of a cultural keyword. How and why are the two approaches used in the translation of cultural keywords? What effects do the diversifying approach bring about on target readers? To what extent do the two approaches have something to do with constructing or reshaping the national identity of the source culture or the target? How do they have joint function in the cross-cultural exchange? Is it possible to examine the problems from Chinese perspective? All these need to be discussed based on the case analysis of cultural keyword translation.

A Study on the Characteristics of Nammyeong's Reading Methods and Their Status in History of Thoughts

A Study on the Characteristics of Nammyeong's Reading Methods and Their Status in History of Thoughts

A Study of the Meanings of National Education in the Context of History of Educational Thoughts and Critical Discussion of Contemporary Views on Nationalist Education

A Study of the Meanings of National Education in the Context of History of Educational Thoughts and Critical Discussion of Contemporary Views on Nationalist Education

Editorial: Hazards and Disasters: Learning, Teaching, Communication and Knowledge Exchange

Geography’s ‘unique selling point’, alongside its concern for spatial relationships, is its ability to unite social and environmental perspectives. Amidst a large literature, Ravi Singh (2009, p. 2) suggests, “The general trends in the history of geographical thoughts do suggest our discipline’s guiding principle has been its integrated perspective under which human and physical (natural) domains are simultaneously considered interconnected and interrelated”. He also suggests that a key item ...

The Age of Symbolic Economic Policies?

This paper offers a few remarks on the so-called heterodoxy commentaries of recent times. It will be highlighted that, in accordance with the growing popularity of non-usual economic policy actions, a set of “tools” is emerging that aims to exert its effects breaking with usual, common, instrumental actions. Outlining a framework of the history of economic thoughts and treating fiscal and monetary policy separately, it will be argued that economic policy only gradually has become capable of applying this system. The point is that though the economic effects of expectations (on output, unemployment, cycles, etc.) were highlighted in the theory of Keynes (and even in those of Marx and Mises), the models vulgarizing the theory of Keynes completely have forgotten about it. Moreover, some modern theories have regarded public beliefs (in other words, expectations) as a power that deprives economic policy of its instruments, causing further delays in making deliberate efforts by economic policy to influence these public beliefs. In our view, both the emergence of symbolic economic policies mentioned above and the rise of heterodoxy are on the same level, since certain governments, not having much leeway, can only operate through giving signals to markets. Although it is not the time to formulate ultimate and eternal generalised statements, it may perhaps be stated that symbolic economic policies, as part of the intersection of heterodox and unorthodox interventions, cut away from instrumental policies, can make some room for manoeuvring available as a last resort for economic policies. Our theoretical framework will be filled with some episodes from the last few years of the economic policy of Hungary. Of course, it is not suggested that the Hungarian case analysed here is the only example of symbolic economic policies. The possibility of symbolic economic policies follows from the theoretical foundations of new classical macroeconomics (as it will be detailed below), however, it cannot be judged at this point how widely this set of tools will be utilized later – the set of tools that is suggested here on theoretical grounds only as a mere option.

The Significance of『Chunbukyung』on Religious Sociology and the History of Social Thoughts

The Significance of『Chunbukyung』on Religious Sociology and the History of Social Thoughts

Духовное наследие отечественной культуры в научной традиции Психологического института

The article is dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of the book by a famous Russian scientist M.V. Sokolov, "Essays on the history of psychological thoughts in Russia in XI – XVIII centuries." This is the only scientific and psychological monograph of the Soviet period, in which for the first time at the level of academic research the topical problem of historical and genetic roots of contemporary Soviet psychology has been posed and studied, the systematization of basic substantive aspects of the first psychological tractates has been done, and the basic principles of their methodology were highlighted: an integrative approach to systematization of psychological data on the hierarchy of man's inner world, obtained in a single field of cognitive potential of natural science and speculation methods. Comprehensive analysis of original documents allowed the scientist to identify a number of descriptive models of psychological issues development by medieval Russia sophists, belonging to different social strata and ideological lines, and critically overcome the ideology of Soviet period, distorting the perception of time frames of the process of the formation and maintenance of psychological demands of Russian people.

The relationship between temperament and character features and social problem solving in psychiatric patients who attempted suicide with drugs: preliminary results

Objective: The aims of this preliminary study were: 1) to identify psychiatric diagnoses and any history of suicidal thoughts and attempts in people who attempt suicide with drugs, 2) to evaluate the temperament and character features, social problem solving skills of these patients in relation to socio-demographic data. Methods: Sixty patients between 16 and 49 years old participated in this study. A Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), a Socio-demographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Social Problem Solving Inventory (SPSI) were administered to the participants. Results: According to the SCID-I, 23 (38.3%) of the participants had a major depressive disorder, and 39 (65%) of the participants had a history of previous suicide attempts before this admission. There were significant (negative) correlations between the harm avoidance, reward dependence, self-directedness and cooperativeness dimensions of the TCI and the Problem Orientation and Problem Solving skills subscales of the SPSI. Conclusion: Psychiatric disorders are common in individuals who attempt suicide with drugs. These individuals may have a history of one or more suicide attempts before admission. In addition to differences in temperament and character features, this study found significant disorders of cognition and behavior in individuals that had attempted suicide. This result may indicate that dimensions of temperament and character can provide significant indications for cognitive and behavioral disorders.

老子之道在欧洲的传播

作为中国智慧的代表，老子的学说不仅在中国思想史上的地位极高，而且在中西交流中，也给欧洲大陆带去了不一样的价值。“道”是老子思想的代表性符号，其神秘性、革命性和实用性特征为老子的西传推波助澜。在此后的欧洲对老子之“道”研究中，分别出现了19世纪传教士基督教的比附性解读，20世纪汉学家们寻求《老子》本意的专业性解读和哲学家们的沟通中西哲学的阐释。并最终在经过了漫长的非职业化和相对职业化的解读后，在现当代汉学家和哲学家——尤其是存在主义哲学家那里，找到了比较趋近老子本意的契合之处，且于20世纪后期进入到更加多元化的解读时代。本文试图以宏观背景下整体特征的概述和具体个案解析相结合的方法，通过梳理“道”在欧洲的传播，来看老子思想在欧洲的接受、影响和传播。 As a representative of Chinese wisdom, Lazi’s theory is not only has a high status in the history of Chinese thoughts, but also has brought Europe different wealth in the communications between China and the Western countries. Tao is the representative symbol of Laozi’s theory. It has the characteristics of being mystical, revolutionary and practical. Those features have served for its dissemination in Europe. In the following studies of “Tao”, there appeared the analogical inter-pretation of Christian missionaries in the 19th century. In the 20th century, sinologists sought professional interpretation of the original ideas in Laozi and interpretations of philosophers who attempted to communicate the Western Philosophy and Chinese Philosophy. Finally, after a lengthy interpretation of amateurism and relative professionalism, from contemporary sinologists and philosophers—especially Existentialist philosophers, we have found correspondence which fits the intention of Laozi. In the late 20th century, the study has progressed into a more diversified field. In this paper, this paper tries to explain the acceptance, influence and spread of Laozi’s ideas in Europe by combing out the spread of “Tao” in Europe.