History Of Internet Research Articles

A-Study of E-Commerce Related Practices in Selected Small Scale Wooden Handicraft Enterprises

The history of the Internet from the late sixties on, the advent of the Web in the early nineties and the rise of e-commerce in the mid nineties has been well summarized elsewhere (Schwartz, et al., 2002). Ecommerce has brought abound fundamental changes in the traditional working practices of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). E-Commerce is at the heart of every business. Now in the age of globalizations cutting edge trend e-commerce facility helps in doing business more effectively? in competitive environment to offer so many things to customer. Indian handicraft business a representation of Indian art and culture in rest of the world. Indian handicraft is known in world for its unique art and design of product. Small and medium enterprises fear adoption of e-commerce because of lack of knowledge and security issues of technology. The internet has grown from nice-to-have tool, to an essential part of any company, small, medium or large. It is true that SMEs do not have the same resources at their disposal as the large companies have. The objective of this paper is to identify and critique these frameworks. The paper had the following aims; firstly review the extant literature Ecommerce and identify the evolution, need for and purposes of within the Small and Medium wooden handicraft Enterprises.

The Internet of elsewhere: the emergent effects of a wired world

Through the lens of culture, The Internet of Elsewhere looks at the role of the Internet as a catalyst in transforming communications, politics, and economics. Cyrus Farivar explores the Internet's history and effects in four distinct and, to some, surprising societies--Iran, Estonia, South Korea, and Senegal. He profiles Web pioneers in these countries and, at the same time, surveys the environments in which they each work. After all, contends Farivar, despite California's great success in creating the Internet and spawning companies like Apple and Google, in some areas the United States is still years behind other nations.Surprised? You won't be for long as Farivar proves there are reasons that:Skype was invented in Estonia--the same country that developed a digital ID system and e-voting;Iran was the first country in the world to arrest a blogger, in 2003; South Korea is the most wired country on the planet, with faster and less expensive broadband than anywhere in the United States;Senegal may be one of sub-Saharan Africa's best chances for greater Internet access.The Internet of Elsewhere brings forth a new complex and modern understanding of how the Internet spreads globally, with both good and bad effects. (20110501)

References and Bibliography: Citing the Internet

<span>Over the past six years scholars have found the Internet to be a source of quick information. While the quality of information on the Internet may be questionable, nonetheless, sources of online studies are beginning to merge with library-based research. This article discusses the history of the Internet; concerns of using the Internet as a source, the importance of citing sources and how to cite electronic sources.</span>

Internet History

This paper outlines and analyzes milestones in the history of the Internet. As technology advances, it presents new societal and ethical challenges. The early Internet was devised and implemented in American research units, universities, and telecommunication companies that had vision and interest in cutting-edge research. The Internet then entered into the commercial phase (1984-1989). It was facilitated by the upgrading of backbone links, the writing of new software programs, and the growing number of interconnected international networks. The author examines the massive expansion of the Internet into a global network during the 1990s when business and personal computers with different operating systems joined the universal network. The instant and growing success of social networking-sites that enable Netusers to share information, photos, private journals, hobbies, and personal as well as commercial interests with networks of mutual friends and colleagues is discussed.

Why the Arpanet Was Built

The who, what, when, and how of the Arpanet is usually told in heroic terms—Licklider's vision, the fervor of his disciples, the dedication of computer scientists and engineers, the work of graduate students, and so forth. Told by one of the key actors in this salient part of US and Internet history, this article addresses why the Arpanet was built.

Forensic data recovery from the Windows Search Database

Windows Search maintains a single database of the files, emails, programmes and Internet history of all the users of a personal computer, providing a potentially valuable source of information for a forensic investigator, especially since some information within the database is persistent, even if the underlying data are not available to the system (e.g. removable or encrypted drives). However, when files are deleted from the system their record is also deleted from the database. Existing tools to extract information from Windows Search use a programmatic interface to the underlying database, but this approach is unable to recover deleted records that may remain in unused space within the database or in other parts of the file system. This paper explores when unavailable files are indexed, and therefore available to an investigator via the search database, and how this is modified by the indexer scope and by attributes that control the indexing of encrypted content. Obtaining data via the programmatic interface is contrasted with a record carving approach using a new database record carver ( wdsCarve); the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches are reviewed, and the paper identifies several different strategies that may be productive in recovering deleted database records.

Comments on "'An early history of the internet' by Leonard Kleinrock" (with author's reply) [Letters to the editor

The commenter notes that Donald Davies in part covered the same ground in an article published in 2001 (The Computer Journal, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 152–62). He found Davies' account very moving: a renowned researcher in his dying months establishing his view of a contested period of discovery (and not to assert his own claim). In replying to the comments, the original author notes that he explained how his work informed the technology of the ARPANET as well as its timing relative to that of Paul Baran's. Prior to the writing of Davies' posthumous article, he contacted the author about these topics, and did respond accordingly. Dr. Adamson has raised these same issues, which were already explained in the original article.

Handel elektroniczny w przemyśle tekstylno-odzieżowym na świecie i w Polsce

The structure of the thesis was subordinated to the specific goals and research hypotheses. It consists of four main chapters and conclusions.Chapter one is of an introductory character. It presents a short history of internet, basic aspects of electronic commerce and business, such as its models or unique features with respect to traditional commerce. Basic statistical data concerning the electronic commerce with particular reference to trade of products from textile and clothing sector, as well as those concerning the number of users of internet in the world and in Poland are given. The conclusions from the report concerning the electronic commerce in the textile and clothing sector in the European Union prepared by the eBusiness W@tch organization in 2005 with the comments of the author, and the new ICT paradigm are also presented.Chapter two is devoted to the legal aspects of electronic commerce. At first the regulations of the international organizations such as the WTO, OECD and UNCITRAL are presented. In the next part of this chapter the EU directives are thoroughly described, as Poland is a member of this organization and its regulations are the most important for our country. The last part of the chapter is devoted to the analysis of Polish legal system and its adjustments to the regulations of international organizations.Chapter three is dedicated to presenting and analyzing the empirical research carried out on the basis of questionnaires among enterprises from Polish textile and clothing sector, and drawing conclusions from those results. The research was aimed at checking the level of utilization of electronic commerce and business in those companies and evaluation if their influence on the firms was positive. From the point of view of the main goal of the thesis it is the most important chapter.Chapter four presents the analysis of a wide range of the EU programs with respect to their usefulness for companies from textile and clothing sector in order to achieve direct (financial) and indirect assistance for projects connected with ICT.The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the final conclusions and summary of the performed researches and analyses.

Vehicular networks and the future of the mobile internet

The first DARPA experiment with wireless mobile Internet – the Packet Radio Network or PRNET – was completely independent of the infrastructure. This model was consistent with DARPA military goals as the PRNET was designed to support tactical operations far away from any wired infrastructure. Beside autonomy, the main challenge was mobility and radio portability. Scarcity of spectrum was not an issue, in contrast with the ARPANET quest to utilize those 50 kbps Telpak trunks more efficiently. Today, the closest civilian descendents of the PRNET are vehicular networks and smart phone based Personal Area Networks. In either case, the wired infrastructure turns out to play a major role. Moreover, spectrum scarcity has now become the most important challenge (while, ironically, the wired Internet has plenty of bandwidth). In this paper we examine this interplay between wired and wireless and extract a message for the design of a more efficient Future Wireless Internet. We focus on the vehicular network since this field is better established and commercially more viable than that of personal, P2P communications among Smartphones. We are confident however that many of our observations will transfer also to smart phone/infrastructure synergy. Specifically, in this paper we identify the urban Internet infrastructure role in the support of emerging vehicular applications and identify the Core Internet services matching the services in the vehicle grid. As the vehicular applications range from e-mail and voice over IP to emergency operations (natural disaster, terrorist attack, etc.), the type of assistance requested from the infrastructure will vary. A short list includes: (a) addressing (e.g. geo-addressing); (b) directory service, service discovery, mobility management; (c) resource and congestion management; (d) path redundancy; (e) delay tolerant operations; (f) mobile sensor data access and search from the internet, and; (g) anonymity, privacy and incentives. After the review of vehicular applications and properties, we will offer an Internet history perspective to help understand how the mobile wireless network field has evolved from the early ARPANET and PRNET days. This will reveal trends that can help predict the future of the wireless Internet.

Trust in the Shell

This paper advocates the importance of an ethical choice in the design of a given technology. As—among various possible examples—the history of the Internet shows, the intersection between trust, law, and technology can become either an empowering factor for business and individuals or a tool for infringing human rights. It is of utmost importance not to lose focus on the fact that every technology is a human byproduct, and that when a technology fails, it is mainly a human fault.

Rasgos esenciales de la Red

Esta disertación es un comentario acerca de dos conocidos artículos: “Características de la comunicación en Red” de López García y “Lecciones de la Historia de Internet” de Manuel Castells (2001). El escrito pretende animar al lector a la lectura del artículo con contenido vigente. Este ensayo se muestra como comentario crítico que puede guiar sobre los aspectos más brillantes y novedosos que proponen estos dos artículos sobre el mundo de Internet.

Seeing Ghosts: 9/11 and the Visual Imagination

On September 11 more people clicked 'on documentary news photographs than on pornography for the first (and only) time in the history of the Internet,' reports writer David Levi Strauss. The archive of images associated with the tragic events of 9/11 merits careful analysis. Artist Damien Hirst has suggested that the attacks were designed to be viewed - 'The thing about 9/11 is that it's kind of an artwork in its own right. It was wicked, but it was devised in this way for this kind of impact. It was devised visually.' Starting from the tremendous fascination with images of 9/11, Karen Engle asks what, in the context of a national trauma, makes an image appropriate or scandalous, exploring how diverse visual media have been mobilized in political projects of identification and personal narratives of empathy. Focusing on themes of memory, mourning, and history, Engle examines sculptural, photographic, and new media responses to the 9/11 attacks in both contemporary and historical contexts, considers the public's reaction to these visual productions, and suggests that earlier presentations of America at war play a pivotal role in the representations of 9/11 in both official and popular media. Seeing Ghosts is a groundbreaking theoretical study of how we remember, how we mourn, and how images of a particular event influence our imagination of the future.

An early history of the internet [History of Communications

In this column we trace both the early history of the science and infrastructure that emerged as the ARPANET, and the trajectory of development it set for the even broader construct that we now call the Internet.

Research on online social networks

Online Social Networks (OSNs) provide a unique opportunity for researchers to study how a combination of technological, economical, and social forces have been conspiring to provide a service that has attracted the largest user population in the history of the Internet. With more than half a billion of users and counting, OSNs have the potential to impact almost every aspect of networking, including measurement and performance modeling and analysis, network architecture and system design, and privacy and user behavior, to name just a few. However, much of the existing OSN research literature seems to have lost sight of this unique opportunity and has avoided dealing with the new challenges posed by OSNs. We argue in this position paper that it is high time for OSN researcher to exploit and face these challenges to provide a basic understanding of the OSN ecosystem as a whole. Such an understanding has to reflect the key role users play in this system and must focus on the system's dynamics, purpose and functionality when trying to illuminate the main technological, economic, and social forces at work in the current OSN revolution.

Privatizing the Internet: Competing Visions and Chaotic Events, 1987–1995

The US National Science Foundation played a key role in the history of the Internet by overseeing its transition from government to private operation. In the process, NSF was forced to balance the competing visions of scientists, politicians, and private industry. This article describes the conflicts, trade-offs, and unexpected events that led to a technical and social transformation of the Internet.

Virtual spaces and networks in Geographical Education and research

This paper relates developments in the use of Internet-based communication technologies to contemporary exchanges of geographical ideas and content. A brief history of the Internet provides the basis for a review of uses of broadband Internet in contemporary Geography. Two themes are explored: the first is the concept of virtual communities of practice, and the second describes the nature and use of virtual research networks, with a focus on Access Grid. The key argument is that the enhanced Internet capabilities facilitate virtual communities in Geographical Education. The paper is based on five years of experience in developing in-service support at the University of Waikato and the in-class use of tutorial software over the Internet.

User Feedback Shapes Internet Progress

In his Policy Forum “Can we reinvent the Internet?” (24 July, p. [396][1]), V. Mayer-Schonberger concludes that current connectedness of the Internet impedes software coders' ability to innovate. I disagree. ![Figure][2] CREDIT: [ISTOCKPHOTO.COM][3] Whether for commercial or for open-source purposes, software coders' motivation and inspiration for innovation originate primarily from user feedback, including expectations, demands, and even complaints. Frequent software upgrades reflect constant innovation. These upgrades should not be considered simply minor improvements. They are solid and steady steps to advanced evolution. The more heterogeneous the users, the more individualization will be required, and the more innovations coders will devise to meet these needs. Software written by coders who are disconnected to the users will likely be novel but impractical. There is no scientific tool to measure or quantify objectively whether an improvement is incremental or radical. Can we deny the magnitude of previous innovations that constitute integral parts of and lead to subsequent innovations? In Internet history, different versions of e-mail applications, Web browsers, search engines, Web logs, iPhones, and e-commerce represent different stages of development on one innovation continuum. If software coders who are isolated from social ties did build a radical program or reinvent the Internet, in addition to a series of technical problems such as compatibility and data conversion, users' learning cost would be substantial. The cost would be felt by consumers worldwide, including African students who have just learned how to use computers and software because of financial support from the international community. Current innovations are changing the face of the Internet, even though they may not be radical. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1178418 [2]: pending:yes [3]: http://ISTOCKPHOTO.COM

Extending the Frontiers of Library Services through the Internet

This paper examines the tremendous developments that have taken place in the Library and Information services from inception to the present day with a focus on the role of the Internet in these developmental trends. Theprelude and the history of Internet were x-rayed with an insight into the meaning of the Internet. The role of the Internet in extending the frontiers of Library and Information services were explored with a review of thesituation of Internet connectivity in Nigeria, the problems and recommendations.

Taking an internet history

Cooney & Morris[1][1] argue that we should consider taking an \`internet history' to help assess young people's risk of self-harm, suicide and presumed psychopathologies such as \`internet addiction'. Although an understanding of how a client uses the internet may be important, the authors

Reviews: A Complex History of the Commercial Internet [review of The Internet and American Business (Aspray, W. and Ceruzzi, P.E., Eds.; 2008)

The intertwining of the Internet with private-market production and consumption in the US so far has been told only from an internalist perspective, largely by the professional business press and mostly about a few ongoing examples of online business success, especially Amazon.com and Google.