History Of Physical Culture Research Articles

History of Physical Culture and Sports» as a factor of patriotic education of higher education students

In this article, the focus is on the deliberate and organized pedagogical process of instilling patriotism in future professionals of physical education and sports, with the aim of preserving and passing on national values and traditions. Specifically, this pertains to the field of physical education and sports, fostering loyalty and love for one's homeland, readiness to defend it, and the promotion of patriotic education among Ukrainian youth.
 The author has developed a theoretical model for a system of patriotic education among students through the study of the history of physical education and sports. The primary goal of this model is to nurture patriotism, encompassing knowledge of the domestic history of physical education and sports within the context of global events, reverence for Ukrainian traditions in physical education and sports, pride in the achievements of Ukrainian athletes, a sense of the need to honor one's ancestors, the desire to pass on Ukrainian traditions to the younger generation, and a readiness to defend the homeland.
 The possibilities of the educational component "History of Physical Education and Sports" as a means of patriotic education for students are explored. The proposed content of this component intertwines topics from both global and domestic history, providing a comprehensive understanding of events in Ukraine as an integral part of global and European processes.
 The article also highlights the pedagogical conditions for the effectiveness of the system of patriotic education through the "History of Physical Education and Sports," which include the demonstration of patriotism and pedagogical skill by the instructor, the examination of the history of physical education and sports in Ukraine within the context of world history, the inheritance of the cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people, and the observance of academic integrity.

EVOLVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF SAMBO IN THE VOLUNTARY SPORTS SOCIETY “DINAMO” OF THE CHUVASH ASSR (1960s)

The history of sambo, including in the force structures, reflects the entire history of domestic sports. A retrospective analysis of sambo evolvement and development stages in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” enables not only to eliminate some historical gaps, but also to identify a number of administrative and managerial decisions that contribute to the most effective and dynamic development of sambo as a sport.
 
 The purpose of the study is to specify the time limits of sambo evolvement and development stages in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR and to identify the conditions that ensure dynamism to the development of the domestic combat system in the Chuvash Republic. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it for the first time revealed the stages in sambo evolvement and development in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR, as well as the conditions that determine dynamism of its development in the republic.
 
 Materials and methods. In achieving this goal, such scientific methods as analysis, generalization and interpretation of data from archival sources, publications in periodicals and Internet resources were used. At this, the main materials of the study were data from the state archive of modern history of the Chuvash Republic and publications in the periodical press.
 
 Study results. A brief historical overview covering evolvement and development of sambo in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR during the 1960s is presented. Some statistical data are given that give an idea of the dynamics of sambo development in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR. Based on the philosophical categories and categories of the general theory of systems, the time limits of sambo evolvement and development stages in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR are specified, and a number of conditions characterizing dynamism of its development are theoretically substantiated. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained supplement the regional history with information about sambo evolvement and development stages in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR; personalities who influenced and contributed to the progressive and dynamic promotion of sambo in the force structures of the Chuvash ASSR in the 1960s. They can be used to prepare a course on the history of physical culture and sports in the Chuvash Republic, as well as be taken into account in the development of a number of management decisions aimed at ensuring dynamism of the development of sambo as a sport. The obtained research results can serve as a basis for conducting similar studies covering the period of the 1970s and 1980s, as a result, it will be possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the results obtained, the final result of which may be new historical information of regional significance.
 
 Conclusions. By analyzing the data of archival sources and periodicals through the prism of philosophical and systemic categories, the stages of sambo evolvement and development in the Society of Sports and Physical Training “Dynamo” in the Chuvash ASSR in the 1960s are theoretically substantiated, and a number of conditions that determined dynamism of its development in this historical period are specified.

ФОРМУВАННЯ НАУКОВОЇ ДУМКИ У ФІЗИЧНІЙ КУЛЬТУРІ РАННЬОГО ПЕРІОДУ СЕРЕДНЬОВІЧНОЇ ПАТРИСТИКИ

The educational subject «History of physical culture» according to the periodization existing in modern historical science reveals in sufficient detail the stages and aspects of the formation of pedagogical thought in the physical culture of primitive society, physical education during the times of ancient civilizations and in the ancient world, education in the Middle Ages, the formation of educational thoughts of the new and most recent times. In every historical period of human evolution, the requirements for physical education were justified by the prevailing religion, the level of economic and social development of society, national and cultural traditions and regional features of the life and lifestyle of a nation or group of nations. Some ethnic groups on our planet exist on the terrain of today and some are disappearing from the bosom of our planet, but unfortunately, this is the philosophy of life. And those nations who are now prosperous and have preserved their own identity must be indebted to physical culture, which during stormy centuries gave them the opportunity to resist climate and environmental changes, to withstand numerous wars for independence, to form individual moral principles and so on. Along with the development of physical culture, scientific thought in this field was also formed, which, within the framework of the global process, formed humanistic approaches of universal solidarity, and at the same time, a feeling of national patriotism. Scientific thought in the physical culture of a classless society was formed in the bowels of an anthropomorphic proto-religion with the initiations to check the readiness of the entire adult population for future life trials. Pedagogy of physical culture of ancient civilizations was influenced by polytheistic theosophical aspects. But the key nuance of this pedagogy was the exaltation of human corporeality, which was formed according to the divine likeness. For example, the foundations of the Hellenic kalokagatia. With the establishment of the dominant position of the Christian religion at the beginning of our era, there is also a change in the attitude of the apologists of the religion towards the beauty of the human body as a divine creation. Thus, the material of this article should specify the facts that indicate a deep understanding of the role of physical culture in the early period of medieval patristics. Key words: pedagogy, history of physical culture, physical culture, philosophical anthropology, patristics, Christianity, religion.

OLYMPIC EDUCATION AS A COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

The purpose of the study is the expansion of the subject of independent work of students in conditions of reducing classroom hours from subjects “Olympic Movement”, “History of physical culture and sports”. At the level of interdependence, to propose, to introduce topics on Olympic education in independent work within the framework of general educational programs of the university. On the example of the Kuban State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism, the authors are presented with the point of view that Olympic education is very important in the training of specialists and the preservation of universal values. The author claims that the Olympic education unites and complements the special training of specialists. He offers to revise the topics of independent work of students in special educational programs for implementation. The interrelation and interdependence with the disciplines “Olympic Movement” and “Olympic education” implemented within the framework of special educational programs of the university, it can be considered that the practical result achieved in the educational process and in the training of specialists, will ensure the development of the Olympic movement.

The History of Physical Culture in Ireland

The History of Physical Culture in Ireland

The use of distance learning technologies in the process of teaching the discipline "History of Physical Culture" to students majoring in 017 Physical Culture and Sports: the challenges of time

The article describes the use of distance learning technologies in the teaching of the discipline «History of Physical Culture» to students majoring in 017 Physical Culture and Sports: the challenges of time. The use of information and communication technologies in modern higher education has a number of advantages, the main of which are increasing the level of access to education and giving students the opportunity to access the hosted educational and methodological complex of the discipline.
 The coronavirus pandemic has forced higher education institutions to adapt to a rapidly changing situation that was unimaginable a few months ago. The task of distance learning is to provide citizens with the opportunity to exercise the constitutional right to education and professional qualifications, training regardless of gender, race, nationality, social and property status, gender and nature of occupation, worldview, party affiliation, religion, religion, state of health, place of residence according to their abilities.
 With the help of the educational information portal, the teacher independently develops electronic courses and conducts training, sends messages to students, distributes, collects and checks tasks, maintains electronic journals, which significantly increases the efficiency of studying the discipline. The creation of an electronic course «History of Physical Culture» allows you to meet the challenges of time, increase and improve the effectiveness of learning and promote the development of creative abilities of students.

Alternative views on historical aspects of the modern football formation

Football is a game of millions. People hold their breath, quit their unfinished business, and become confined to TV screens for two hours to cheer for their favorite team in the national championship or for their country’s national team. The schedule of matches of the World Cup, Europe, UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, national championships and Cups fans with experience know better than “Our Father”. In the modern era of sports and competitive activities development, in terms of its popularity at all levels, football is second only to athletics and ranks first among team sports. Footballers of national teams are heroes in their homeland, their photos are always on the front pages of sports publications, they are the object of “hunting” of sports journalists, who in the pursuit of sensations even invade the personal space of players.
 Football is a game that, according to modern encyclopedic publications, first appeared in Foggy Albion, and most experts in the history of physical culture and sports agree. But recently, the struggle for the right to be considered the ancestor of the popular game has intensified among scientists around the world, who find historical facts that football had been played in their country long before the birth date of “His Majesty” was declared by the British. The British also consider themselves the first in the process of making rubber balls for playing football, not to mention that three thousand years before them, the natives of Central America made rubber balls for the national game of pok-ta-pok and ulama. Therefore, the authors team, in this article, decided to systematize modern historical information and review aspects of the formation of football.

Is there a room for proper scientific discussion in the area of controversies and competing scientific theories? A polemics

Auto- and allochthonous theories of the origin of the Slavs and their supporters have been competing for many years. Recent research (genetic, anthropological and linguistic) confirms the early appearance of the Slavs on Polish lands and their permanent settlement in these lands. Contrary to this, in some circles, especially among archaeologists, the theses about the indigenousness of the Slavs are treated as substantive errors. The direct reason for writing this article is the fact that the dissemination of an already published book on the history of physical culture has been blocked. The article concerns two issues – 1) the way science functions and the way to find the truth when competing paradigms collide (from the perspective of the sociology of science); 2) the origin of the Slavs, the direct ancestors of today's Poles, which seems particularly important both for Polish history and today's identity. According to the author, supporters of the allochthonous concept ignore the knowledge resulting from research and publications of recent years. Therefore, publications have been cited - a brief review of the literature on the subject.

WEBQUEST AS A MEANS OF TOOLOF FUTURE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS TO THE CONDITIONS OF BLENDED LEARNING

The urgency of investigation lies in the urgent need to diversify models of higher education taking into account current modern trends and requirements, as well as the introduction of information and communication technologies in training of future physical culture teachers as flexible forms of educational process and innovative teaching means.The aim is to substantiate and experimentally test the effectiveness of web-quest as a means of preparation of future physical culture teachers to the conditions of blended learning. The object of the study was the 45 first-year students at speciality 014.11 Secondary Education (Physical Culture) of the first level of higher education. At the ascertaining stage it was found that 74.2% of respondents are familiar with the essence of blended learning, but only 38.7% have experience of such learning, it was discovered the insufficient skills of content search and analysis of information from the Internet (48.4%), project (16.1%) and problem-research (13%) training. At the formative stage, the obligatory discipline «History of Physical Culture» included a web-quest «Olympionic», which was to help to gain experience using various Web 2.0 services (video, multimedia, geoservices etc.). The effectiveness of the formative influence of the web-quest was ensured by the use of special methods: encouragement, support, gamification, competition, reflective analysis. The didactic possibilities of the web-quests lie in developing of students’ research skills, forming of stable cognitive interest and positive attitude to future professional activities, improving the ability to use educational information resources and services in order to build and self-control of their own educational trajectory.The effectiveness of the web-quest as a means of adaptation of future physical culture teachers to the conditions of blended learning has been experimentally proved, it was discovered the improvement of the skills of using interactive exercises, problem-research and project training, content search and analysis of information from the Internet, online testing.

Activities of sports organizations in Podillia in the 1920–1930s

The purpose of the article: to analyze the activities of sports clubs and the development of physical culture movement in Podillia during the period between the two world wars, to trace the evolution of Soviet policy on sports industry in Kamianets-Podilskyi and Podillia, to reveal the participation of athletes from Podillia in all-Ukrainian and regional competitions. Research methods: comparative-historical, problem-historiographic, systemic. Main results: for organization of sports and physical culture movement in the USSR the first sports society “Dynamo” was created. It consisted of police officers, the GPU and administrative bodies. “Dynamo” branches began to operate in Kamianets-Podilskyi, Proskuriv, Volochysk, Sataniv, Stara Ushytsia, and other settlements. In the second half of the 1920s, sports clubs for Soviet employees, food workers, educators, and railway workers were created in Kamianets-Podilskyi. Physical education classes started at city labor schools, technical schools, and institutes under the program of the People’s Commissariat for Education of the Ukrainian SSR. Communist functionaries attached great political importance to sports work, opposing it, in their opinion. For this purpose, the “backward” Ukrainian peasant culture in rural areas began to work district (and later – regional) training courses for instructors of physical culture collectives in collective farms. After the formation of Kamianets-Podilskyi region, regional collective farm sports days began to be held annually. Several stages can be distinguished in the history of physical culture and sports in Podillia during the period under study: the beginning of the 1920s – at this time the local authorities took control of all the sports centers of the region, the activities of non-communist organizations and clubs were prohibited; the second half of the 1920s – the first half of the 1930s. Sports training was considered an important part of preparing young people for military service. “Dynamo” and “Spartak” societies did a lot to popularize sports among the residents of Kamianets-Podilskyi and the entire Podillia. Their athletes were successful in All-Ukrainian competitions. The second half of the 1930s was characterized by the creation of a children’s sports school in the city, the organization of a wide network of clubs and physical education centers in the countryside. Similar tendencies are characteristic of totalitarian societies, which often contrasted sports and spiritual life. Therefore, it is no coincidence that, along with the growth of sports schools, circles, and clubs, churches were closed, and many famous Ukrainian writers, poets, ethnographers, representatives of the humanitarian sphere were repressed. Sports competitions were constantly covered in the media, and famous athletes become idols of young people. They begin to create the image of real representatives of the “working people” from them, those who had to be looked up to. Practical significance: the materials of the article can be used for studying the history of sports life in Ukraine in general and Podillya in particular, for writing monographs, articles, special courses on the history of Soviet everyday life. In addition, the work can be useful for researchers studying the history of certain sports. The originality of the study is due to the unbiased consideration and analysis of the sources used (archival documents, scientific papers and journalism). Type of article: research.

The history of physical culture in Ireland. By Conor Heffernan. Pp 280. Cham: Palgrave. 2021. €96 hardback.

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A Local History of Physical Culture in Uruguay: Horseracing and Football Outside Montevideo

The first decades of the twentieth century were part of Uruguay’s modernization period. During this time, the government started to promote physical culture and the installation of public spaces for sporting practices. However, this dissemination process and subsequent control of sporting practices did not happen at the same pace nationwide. This paper analyses the relations between the development of physical culture and the modernization in a specific context in the countryside, Paysandú. It focuses on horseracing and football, demonstrating how these practices constituted vital elements in the city’s social life. It also demonstrates how their bureaucratization processes exemplify the local impact of nationwide events.

Chosen forms of participation in physical culture in the multinational Stanisławowski province in the period 1920-1939

The aim of this paper is to present an outline of the history of physical culture in the Stanisławowski province (an area that is currently within the borders of Ukraine) in the period 1920-1939 in the times of the Second Polish Republic. In the inter-war period the development of physical culture took place in the Stanisławowski province. In the period of the 1920s and 1930s there was a development of sports infrastructure. Social and sports associations were established, while also sports clubs, as well as the fact that sports organizations were reactivated that had operated in the period prior to the outbreak of the First World War among the Polish, Ukrainian and Jewish communities. Organizational structures of sporting movements were established, among others, Stanisławowski District Football Association, as well as structures at a sub-district level. The development of sporting competition took place. The most popular sporting discipline was football; while also gymnastics, horse riding, cycling, athletics, shooting, skiing, table tennis.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS IN UZBEKISTAN HISTORICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPMENT AND ITS TEACHING ADVANCED EXPERIENCES

The history of physical culture and the priorities of managementdevelopment, innovations in teaching and the need to increase knowledge on thebasis of advanced foreign experience are widely covered and the work is preparedon the basis of advanced foreign experience.

Sport and physical culture as implementation tools in the social and cultural sphere

This article aims to show the diversity of physical and sports life of Belarusians at various stages. The evolutional process of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Belarus has been highlighted. The experience of organizing the management of sports movement has been widely disclosed. The process of improving the scientific and methodological base has been described. The purposeful work of state bodies with youth and various categories of the adult population in the development of the sociocultural sphere using physical culture has been demonstrated. The article is devoted to the consideration of physical culture and sports in the context of solving the tasks of the Republic of Belarus in the social and cultural sphere. The study of historical processes in the field of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Belarus is fragmented. The main problems in the sports industry have been analyzed, and the role of physical culture in their solution has been determined. The importance of such sporting events as the Olympic Games has been reflected in the formation of a positive image of the country in the international arena. The history of physical culture and sports guided by the doctrine of society, considers the emergence and development of physical culture and sports in the framework of two economic formations: capitalist and socialist. Each of them has its own characteristics and patterns. The study of history allows us to consider the entire course of the development of physical education and sports in mutual connection with other aspects of society.

Srpski sokolski pokret u odabranim delima Petra D. Pavlovića

As one of the pioneers of a scientifically based research of the history of Serbian Sokolism in Herzegovina, Professor Petar D. Pavlovic with his work in this area made a significant contribution to the history of Sokol movement and physical culture in this territory, but also in the territory of former Kingdom of SCS, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, United States of America (USA) and the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Through his research he laid the foundation for current and future researchers in this field. Not only engaged in the field of History of Physical Culture, and because of the abundance of published scientific papers and other publications also in the field of Theory of Physical Culture, at the center of the authors' analysis in this paper are some of the first written publications of Full Professor Petar D. Pavlovic in the field of History of Physical Culture that have guided his scientific path in the following years, but also some publications which in recent studies have confirmed and expanded his pioneering steps in the study of history of Serbian Sokolism in Herzegovina, but also in other mentioned areas. In this paper, using the methods of Theoretical analysis and Content analysis, the authors present to readers some of, buy their opinion, most significant publications of Ph.D. Petar D. Pavlovic regarding the mentioned field.

Prolegomena istraživačima istorije fizičke kulture

Truth, problems, research In his search for the truth, every history researcher often encounters the difficulties of methodological nature. A very complex path, which is, in case of history researchers, more difficult and complicated, due to a number of obstacles, leads to a discovery of truth. However, what exactly is the truth and how much do we need it nowadays, who wants it and is there a desire to discover the truth? These questions are not easy to answer. What are we faced with and what are the most common problems in the research of the history of physical culture? What makes us make omissions, errors and mistakes? 1. Hasting and hurrying to complete the papers, when we, often faced with short deadlines, fail to meet all methodological requirements. 2. Using the information from the papers by other authors is taken for granted, without adequate verification, assuming their reliability, and if the information is inaccurate, it results in multiplying inaccurate information which thus becomes an inaccurate secondary source to the next researcher. 3. In our research we are sometimes unable to distance ourselves from our nation, religion and politics and we therefore tend to overestimate the achievements by our own people. 4. We do not always pay enough attention to or we neglect or do not consider the economic, political, historical, cultural and other conditions under which an event occurred as well as their interrelations and their impact on the studied issue. 5. In research we often exclude comparative studies on the development and achievements of European countries and Serbia in all aspects of political, economic and cultural life. 6. Professional and scientific papers' review is easily accepted and taken for granted since, due to the authors' deadlines, we are often under pressure and forced to assess the suggested work without thorough and adequate consideration. For the aforesaid reasons, we therefore advocate a more cautious and more serious approach to the research of the past in order to avoid mistakes and inaccuracies.

“Hey Skinny, Your Ribs Are Showing”: The Fitness Industry of Charles Atlas and Masculinity in Early Twentieth-Century United States

About the author Conor Heffernan is a senior of History and Political Science at Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland. Conor has a keen interest in health and fitness and American culture in the 20th century. He hopes to further his studies into the history of physical culture in the future.

The Social Sciences of Sport: Assumptions, Associations, and Conferences

Abstract New national and international societies that examine sports have been created and developed in Europe as well as on other continents. These societies, which examine the complex phenomena, issues, and questions concerning sports as seen from the different scientific points of view, are rooted in two main research directions: the natural sciences on the one hand, and the social sciences on the other.The authors of the paper point to the significant and ongoing development of the social sciences of sport. In particular, the authors discuss the development of the sociology of sport, philosophy of sport, psychology of sport, pedagogy of sport, history of physical culture, sports and Olympics, the organization and management of sport, social and cultural foundations of tourism and recreation, social relationships associated with sports training and tactics, as well as the humanistic theories of Eastern martial arts.The authors have listed several national, continental, and international scientific organizations that unite representatives of the aforementioned disciplines. However, the authors’ main focus is on theoretical and organizational assumptions of the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport, an organization founded in 2009.The society’s main objectives are to unite the particular social sciences of sport in one organized and scientific body (while maintaining the existing differences between the sciences); to enable the annual debate and exchange of views on the substantive and methodological matters; as well as to provide joint scientific publications connected with common work of the group and with the journal Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research.The authors discuss the research and publishing activities of the Polish Society for Social Sciences of Sport, introducing the organization as an example of any future organization that could cooperate with the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport.