History Of Musculoskeletal Injury Research Articles

Correlation of the Score Obtained Through The “Functional Movement Screen” (FMS) Test with The Incidence of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Players of The Mexican Professional Basketball League (LNBP) During The 2023 Season

Background. The assessment of mobility is important to determine the degree of functionality inherent in the ability to move and, therefore, sports performance. Likewise, mobility is related to the development of musculoskeletal injuries, but this is little known in professional basketball players. Objective. Correlation of the FMS score with the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in LNBP players during the 2023 season. Methodology. An observational, cross-sectional, analytical, prospective study was conducted on professional basketball players from the Mexican League who played during the 2023 season. Before the start of the 2023 season, the FMS test was performed on the players. Other useful information for the study was recorded: history of musculoskeletal injuries, presence of pain, or limitation to movement at the time of the test. After that, a follow-up was carried out throughout the 2023 season to identify if the players had any musculoskeletal injury, including fracture, muscle injury, connective tissue injury (meniscal, capsular, fascial, etc.), ligamentous injury, tendinopathy, and low back pain. A musculoskeletal injury was defined as physical damage to the body secondary to athletic activity or an event for which the athlete sought medical attention and resulted in modified training or required splitting or protective taping. The affected joint or body site (knee, ankle, elbows, shoulders, wrist, other) and the number of injuries during the season were also recorded. Finally, the information was captured in the SPSS v.26 statistical program to determine if there were significant correlations between the scores obtained from the FMS test and the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries. Results. Among the 27 players, the average age was 29.4±3.7 years (range 21-39 years). The overall incidence of musculoskeletal injuries throughout the season was 88.9%, only 3 players did not present musculoskeletal injuries (11.1%). The average was 2.7±1.4 injuries per player throughout the season. First-time injuries represented 69.2% of the cases and recurrent injuries represented 30.8%. 41.5% of the players had a minor injury, 36.9% mild, 10.8% moderate, and 10.8% severe. The mean FMS score was 14.5±1.8. The Pearson correlation between the FMS score and the number of lesions was r=0.084 (p=0.900). There were no significant differences in games lost, days out, and number of injuries, but there was a trend toward fewer games lost and days out in players with more than 14 points on the FMS scale. No significant differences were found in the FMS score by injury severity (p=0.472). The area under the curve for predicting moderate-severe musculoskeletal injuries based on the FMS score was 0.581 (0.419-0.742, p=0.359). In those over 30 years of age, a significant correlation of the FMS score with age was found (r=-0.406), but not in those under 30 years. Conclusion. The incidence of musculoskeletal injuries was high. Although the FMS score was not a determining predictor for its development, our study suggests its potential usefulness in identifying players with a higher risk of severe injuries, especially individuals over 30 years.

Are physical fitness, a history of childbirth and injury history related to knee valgus in female Canadian Armed Forces members during a bodyweight overhead squat movement?

ObjectivesA history of childbirth is associated with musculoskeletal injury (MSKi) in female members of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). While previous injury and pregnancy impact knee kinematics, it is unclear...

Influence of musculoskeletal injury history on countermovement jump performance in rugby players

ObjectiveTo examine whether musculoskeletal injury history is a factor that influences countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in rugby players and to compare CMJ performance between player's position (forwards or backs). MethodsThirty rugby players (15 with an injury history and 15 without an injury history) performed the CMJ using an inertial sensor (Baiobit®) to evaluate kinematic (Jump Height, Velocity and Phase duration) and kinetic data (rate of force development [RFD], impact peak [IP], take-off force and Stiffness]. The group comparison was performed with an independent t-test, and the association between CMJ performance, sociodemographic variables and injury history was investigated with Pearson's correlation test. ResultsRugby players with and without history of musculoskeletal injury differed in age and playing experience, but there was no difference in CMJ performance between groups. Jump height of uninjured players was positively correlated with take-off force and RFD and negatively correlated with concentric phase duration and RFD. Injured players demonstrated a negative correlation between take-off force and IP. Compared to backs, forwards were heavier and taller, showed greater IPs and were more likely to have an injury history. ConclusionsThere were no differences in CMJ performance between rugby players with and without an injury history. Forwards showed greater IPs and were more likelier to have an injury history than backs.

Age-Related and Side-Dependent Differences in Hip Range of Motion among Female Indian Athletes: Establishing Reference Values

Restricted hip mobility and flexibility are always associated with increased risk for lower extremity injury and poor athletic performance in female athletes. Reference values for hip motions in female athletes by age and sports are lacking. The primary aim of the study is to document the active and passive range of motion of hip joint among adolescent and adult Indian female athletes. Next, to compare between the sides and age group in the same population. This is a cross-sectional study involving 498 healthy female athletes of age group 15-21 years involved in the high impact sports were conveniently selected for the measurements of hip active and passive range of motion with a Universal goniometer. Participants with recent history of musculoskeletal injury and neurological pain syndromes were excluded from the study. Comparing the baseline values of active and passive range of motion of hip joint, between adolescent and adult female athletes, revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) in both dominant and non-dominant leg except for passive hip abduction (p>0.05). However, adolescents demonstrated higher hip flexion, internal rotation, and external rotation, and adults showed greater hip extension. Active and passive reference values for hip range of motion is documented for South Indian female athletes in relation to age and high impact sports. Future research involving injury prediction, prevention and rehabilitation protocol among female sports can utilize these values.

Trunk and Lower Extremity Biomechanics in Female Athletes With and Without a Concussion History.

Athletes with a history of concussion are at a greater risk for lower extremity musculoskeletal injury. Female athletes may be at an even greater risk than male athletes. Previous researchers on postconcussion landing biomechanics have focused on the lower extremities, but the trunk plays a crucial role as an injury risk factor. To compare lower extremity and trunk biomechanics during jump-landing and cutting maneuvers between female athletes with and those without a concussion history. Cross-sectional study. Biomechanics laboratory. A total of 26 athletes (mean ± SD age = 19.0 ± 1.3 years, height = 1.68 ± 0.07 m, mass = 64.02 ± 6.76 kg, body mass index = 22.58 ± 1.97 kg/m2; median [interquartile range] time since most recent concussion = 37.5 months [25.0 months, 65.8 months]) with a concussion history and 38 athletes (age = 19.0 ± 1.1 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.08 m, mass = 64.72 ± 9.45 kg, body mass index = 22.14 ± 1.80 kg/m2) without a concussion history. Peak kinetics (vertical ground reaction force, vertical loading rate, external knee-abduction moment, and external knee-flexion moment) and kinematics (trunk-flexion angle, trunk lateral-bending angle, ankle-dorsiflexion angle, knee-flexion angle, knee-abduction angle, and hip-flexion angle) were obtained during the eccentric portion of jump-landing and cutting tasks. Separate 2 (group) × 2 (limb) between- and within-factors analyses of covariance were used to compare outcomes between groups. We covaried for time since the most recent concussion and the limb that had a history of musculoskeletal injury. Athletes with a concussion history displayed a greater peak knee-abduction angle in their nondominant limb than their dominant limb (P = .01, ηp2 = 0.107) and the nondominant limb of athletes without a concussion history (P = .02, ηp2 = 0.083) during jump landing. They also had less trunk lateral bending during cutting compared with athletes without a concussion history (P = .005, ηp2 = 0.126). Our results indicated landing biomechanics are different between female athletes with and those without a concussion history. This finding may be due to impairments in neuromuscular control postconcussion that may ultimately increase the risk of subsequent lower extremity injury, although further research is warranted given the cross-sectional nature of our study.

"Couch-to-5k or Couch to Ouch to Couch!?" Who Takes Part in Beginner Runner Programmes in the UK and Is Non-Completion Linked to Musculoskeletal Injury?

Physical activity has mental and physical health benefits; however, globally, three-quarters of the population do not meet physical activity guidelines. The Couch-to-5k is a beginner runner programme aimed at increasing physical activity. However, this programme lacks an evidence base, and it is unclear who is attracted to the programme; running also has a high rate of musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. The aims of this study were to identify the characteristics of people taking part and the incidence of MSK injuries as well as exploring the experiences of people who dropped out of a modified 9-week Couch-to-5k programme. A total of 110 runners (average age was 47.1 ± 13.7 years) participated in the study, which involved completion of questionnaires (running experience and footwear information, quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), physical activity level (IPAQ-short form), MSK injury history and knee condition (SNAPPS and KOOS-PS)) at the start, middle and end of the programme and collecting sociodemographic information (age, gender, social economic status, relationship status, education level), as well as body mass index, running experience, footwear information, quality of life, physical activity levels, MSK injuries and knee condition. Fifteen drop-outs were interviewed to explore experiences of the programme. Runners were mainly females (81.8%) with an average age 47.1 years, average body mass index of 28.1 kg.m2, mainly from high socio-economic levels, married and educated to degree level. In total, 64% of the sample had previous running experience and were classified as active. Half the sample self-reported pain/discomfort and 37.2% reported anxiety/depression at the start of the programme via the EQ-5D-5L scale. Self-reported health scores increased (p = 0.047) between baseline (73.1 ± 18.8 out of 100) and at the midpoint (81.2 ± 11.6), but there were no significant differences between any other time points (end point 79.7 ± 17.5, p > 0.05). Twenty-one injuries were reported during the programme (19%). Previous injury increased the risk of new injury (OR 7.56 95% CI from 2.06 to 27.75). Only 27.3% completed the programme. Three themes emerged from interviews; MSK injury, negative emotions linked to non-completion and design of the programme. The Couch-to-5k may not attract diverse inactive populations, but future work with larger sample sizes is needed to substantiate this finding. Dropping out was linked to MSK injury and progressive design, so future programmes should consider including injury prevention advice and more flexible designs.

Poster 392: Analysis of Musculoskeletal Injuries Among Collegiate Varsity Esports Athletes

Objectives: Electronic sports (esports) have grown tremendously in the past decade with an estimated market value of $493 million in 2017 and an expected growth to $2.3 billion dollars by the end of 2022. Additionally, colleges are embracing this growing culture with over 200 varsity esports programs as of May 2022, up from 7 varsity programs just two years earlier. Despite its growing success, little has been studied on the injuries of these athletes. Prior studies have noted that injuries to professional esports players have forced them to miss significant time and in some instances, into an early retirement. Due to poor posture, a sedentary lifestyle, and repetitive hand motions, the most common injuries to esports athletes include injuries to the hand, wrist, back and neck. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of injuries sustained through collegiate esports players and explore the injuries’ impacts on their careers. The authors hypothesized that athletes who spend more time practicing and playing competitively in esports will report an increased history of musculoskeletal injury. Methods: A list of collegiate esports athletes was collected from publicly available sources. Athletes with available contact information were sent a self-reporting questionnaire. The questionnaire examined variables including length of time playing esports, hours/day playing esports, esports-related injury history, surgeries needed, and missed competition time. Demographic and workload data were then compared between injured and uninjured athletes. Results: Overall, 153 collegiate esports athletes (88% male, aged 18-42 years) were included, with 41 (26.8%) having experienced at least one injury from esports. As demonstrated in Table 1, of the 41 injured athletes, 3 (7.3%) required surgery, 17 (41.5%) had multiple injuries, and 7 (17.1%) missed competition time for an average of 3.0 ± 2.3 weeks. Athletes who have been on their respective college team longer (1.7 ± 0.9 vs. 2.0 ± 1.0 years, p=0.026) and who spent more hours per day practicing had a higher injury incidence (p=0.012). There was no difference in current age, sex, age at which athletes began competing in esports, and scholarship status between groups (all p>0.05). When analyzing the 41 athletes who experienced an injury, the most common injury was to the wrist with 25 total injuries. There were 11 neck, 10 back, 9 finger, 8 hand, 6 elbow, and 4 thumb injuries. Conclusions: Collegiate esports players who trained for more hours per day and played competitive collegiate esports for more years were more likely to have experienced an esports-related injury. Interestingly, while hours per day was a significant risk factor for injury, the number of days per week had was not a significant risk factor for injury, possibly indicating that injuries are sustained through continuous and excessive playing rather than intermittent playing over a longer period. The three most common injury locations were to the wrist, back, and neck, while shoulder and thumb injuries were the least common. Fortunately, only a small portion of athletes who experienced an injury were forced to miss competition time, and even fewer required surgery. With this being the largest investigation into collegiate esports-related injuries, future medical research can help collegiate and professional programs place a greater emphasis on the management and prevention of esports-related injuries. [Table: see text]

Correlation Between Sleep Complaints and History of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Adolescent Track and Field Athletes

Correlation Between Sleep Complaints and History of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Adolescent Track and Field Athletes

Examining the Correlation Analysis of Functional Movement Screening Test (Fms) with Upper Limb Function in Male (Amateur And Non-Amateur) Handball Players

The purpose of the study. is to see if there's a link between of male (Amateur and non-amateur) players college of physical education & sports science Al-Qadisiyah University functional sports screens (FMS) and upper limb function. Materials and methods. The competition attracted 100 volleyball players ranging in age from 18 to 25 years old. BMI is calculated as 60-75 kg for heights of 170-200 cm. Keep a digital record for later analysis. At least 3 months before to involvement, there is no history of musculoskeletal injury. The seven functional motor evaluation exercise modes (squat, hurdle step, overhead squat action, inline lunge, shoulder flexibility, straight leg elevation test, trunk stability push-up test) are employed as assessment tools for sports injury prevention. Questionnaire for the Assessment of Arm Disability (DASH). This test is used to assess upper limb function. There is a significant Pearson correlation coefficient. p≤0.05 is used to check whether there is a connection between variables. Results. Research results show that high scores for measuring arm injuries are different from performance screening test scores. (r=.178, P=0.01) There is a strong connection between them. Conclusions. Coaches and sports experts seem to believe that choosing the right exam for athletes is crucial.

COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF DYNAMIC STRETCHING VERSUS SLOW-REVERSIBLE PNF TECHNIQUE ON HIP FLEXIBILITY AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

Background of the study: Flexibility is a very important duty and performance of human in order to achieve successfully his/her skills and abilities in a wide range of conditions. Hip flexibility currently accounts for 13% of the global population and are predicted to account for 21 % by 2050. The objective of the study is to compare the effect of Dynamic stretching versus Slow-Reversible PNF technique on Hip flexibility among the young adults. Methodology: The study was an experimental design, comparative and pre-post type. The study setting is at A.C.S medical college and hospital (University students) with sample size of 30 subjects based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study duration was about 12 weeks. The inclusion criteria are both male and females, age group between 18 - 25 years of. The exclusion criteria are History of musculoskeletal injury, Recent fracture, Pathology of pelvis, hip and knee, Any surgery of low back, hip and knee in normal adults. Materials Used for the study were Universal Goniometer, Thomas test, Pen and paper. Outcome Measures of the study are Hip flexibility, Posture, Increase ROM. Measurement Tools for the study were Goniometer, Plumb line method. Result: On comparing pre-test and post-test within Group A & Group B on ROM score. shows highly significant with mean difference 4.933 over 1.867 respectively. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the slow reversible PNF technique considerable to be more effective than Dynamic stretching group on hip flexibility among young adults.

Analysis of Musculoskeletal Injuries Among Collegiate Varsity Electronic Sports Athletes.

Background Collegiate electronic sports (esports) in the United States has grown from seven varsity programs in 2016 to over 200 today. Despite its growing success, little has been studied on the injuries of these athletes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of injuries sustained by collegiate esports players and explore the injuries' impacts on their careers. The authors hypothesized that athletes who spend more time practicing and playing competitively in esports will report an increased history of musculoskeletal injury. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study, level IV evidence. A list of collegiate esports athletes was collected from publicly available sources. Athletes with available contact information were sent a self-reporting questionnaire. The questionnaire examined variables including length of time playing esports, hours/day playing esports, esports-related injury history, surgeries needed, and missed competition time. Results Overall, 153 collegiate esports athletes (88% male, aged 18-42 years) were included, with 41 (26.8%) having experienced at least one injury from esports. Of the 41 injured athletes, three (7.3%) required surgery, 17 (41.5%) had multiple injuries, and seven (17.1%) missed competition time for an average of 3.0 ± 2.3 weeks. Athletes who have been on their respective college team longer (2.0 ± 1.0 vs.1.7 ± 0.9 years, p = 0.03) and who spent more hours per day practicing had a higher injury incidence (p = 0.01). There was no difference in the current age, sex, age at which athletes began competing in esports, and scholarship status between groups (all p > 0.05). When analyzing the 41 athletes who experienced an injury, the most common injury was to the wrist with 25 total injuries. There were 11 neck, 10 back, nine finger, eight hand, six elbow, and four thumb injuries. Conclusions Collegiate esports players who trained for more hours per day (31.7% of injured players vs. 10.7% of uninjured players practiced more than five hours/day, p = 0.01) and played competitive collegiate esports for more years (2.0 ± 1.0 vs.1.7 ± 0.9 years, p = 0.03) were more likely to have experienced an esports-related injury. Fortunately, only a small portion of athletes who experienced an injury was forced to miss competition time or require surgery. With this being the largest investigation into collegiate esports-related injuries, future medical research regarding the incidence, management, and prevention of its injuries can help collegiate and professional programs place a greater emphasis on the health of their athletes.

High Sport Specialization Is Associated With More Musculoskeletal Injuries in Canadian High School Students.

To describe levels of sport specialization in Canadian high school students and investigate whether sport specialization and/or sport participation volume is associated with the history of musculoskeletal injury and/or concussion. Cross-sectional study. High schools, Alberta, Canada. High school students (14-19 years) participating in various sports. Level of sport specialization (high, moderate, low) and sport participation volume (hours per week and months per year). Twelve-month injury history (musculoskeletal and concussion). Of the 1504 students who completed the survey, 31% were categorized as highly specialized (7.5% before the age of 12 years). Using multivariable, negative, binomial regression (adjusted for sex, age, total yearly training hours, and clustering by school), highly specialized students had a significantly higher musculoskeletal injury rate [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.73] but not lower extremity injury or concussion rate, compared with low specialization students. Participating in one sport for more than 8 months of the year significantly increased the musculoskeletal injury rate (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.02-1.58). Increased training hours significantly increased the musculoskeletal injury rate (IRR = 1.18, 95% CI, 1.13-1.25), lower extremity injury rate (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI, 1.09-1.24), and concussion rate (IRR = 1.31, 95% CI, 1.24-1.39). Approximately one-third of Canadian high school students playing sports were categorized as highly specialized. The musculoskeletal injury rate was higher for high sport specialization students compared with low sport specialization students. Musculoskeletal injuries and concussion were also more common in students who train more and spend greater than 8 months per year in one sport.

Prevalence, Prevention, and Treatment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Microsurgeons.

While work related musculoskeletal disorders have been well recognized among all surgeons, and microsurgeons in particular; their prevention and treatment are presently unknown. Our study aims to define the impact of musculoskeletal ailments on microsurgeons and investigate trends in microsurgeon musculoskeletal injury treatment. An electronic survey was sent to all members of the American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery. The survey solicited surgeon demographics, microsurgical volume, equipment usage, history of musculoskeletal injury, impact of injury, and interventions / treatment modalities used to address / prevent these issues. Of the 883 microsurgeons surveyed, 203 responded (23% response rate). The average age was 45 years (IQR 39-52 years). Most microsurgeons were male (80.8%). Musculoskeletal injury or symptoms related to microsurgery were reported by 137 respondents (67.0%). Fifty surgeons (37.9%) reported that their musculoskeletal injury had adversely affected their practice. Formal medical intervention was sought by 53 respondents (26.1%), with 17 surgeons (8.4%) undergoing surgical intervention. Self-treated was used by 127 microsurgeons (62.6%) for musculoskeletal ailments. Preventative treatments such as strength training, stretching, yoga, massages, and diet were the most beneficial, each with utilization scores of 4 out of 5. A majority of microsurgeons experience musculoskeletal injury, and some even require surgery to treat their musculoskeletal pathology. Prophylactic practices such as strength training, stretching, yoga, massages, and diet maintenance, are the superior treatment for musculoskeletal injury. Microsurgeons should incorporate training routines in their lives as injury prophylaxis to improve their career longevity and patient care.

Socioeconomic status and injury history in adolescent athletes: lower family affluence is associated with a history of concussion

While healthcare and health outcome disparities have been studied across a variety of different injuries, their relation to concussion incidence and management are relatively understudied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between history of concussion or musculoskeletal injury, and family affluence and/or school-level measures of socioeconomic status. We conducted a cross-sectional study of adolescent athletes in a local school district. Adolescent athletes (n = 192; mean age = 15.3, SD = 1.6 years; 49% female), who presented for a pre-participation physical evaluation reported concussion and injury history, and family affluence scale (FAS) scores. We also examined the percent of students on free/reduced lunch at each school compared to state averages. Independent variables, individual FAS score and school-based marker of socioeconomic status, were compared between those with and without a history of concussion and time-loss musculoskeletal injury. Of the participants, 40 (21%) reported a history of concussion. Athletes with a concussion history had significantly lower FAS scores than athletes without a history of concussion (mean difference = 0.7, 95%CI = 0.1, 1.4; P = 0.027). There was no significant difference in FAS scores between those with and without a history of time-loss musculoskeletal injury (mean difference = 0.0, 95% CI = -0.5, 0.5; P = 0.97). Athletes with a history of concussion had a higher proportion of a prior time-loss musculoskeletal injury (68% vs. 32%; P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, school free-reduced lunch rate, and history of musculoskeletal injury, a lower FAS score was associated with concussion history (adjusted odds ratio = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.64, 0.96; P = 0.019). Concussion and musculoskeletal injury were not associated with school-level markers of socioeconomic status. Lower individual measures, but not school-level measures, of socioeconomic status were associated with a history of concussion in our sample of adolescent athletes. Enhance providers' understanding of how socioeconomic factors may impact concussion history and empower providers to adequately screen for and provide concussion education to mitigate disparities.

Recreational Female Athletes Scored Higher on the Landing Error Scoring System-Real Time

Objective: There is no study examining the difference of LESS-RT (Landing Error Scoring System-real time) score according to gender. This study aimed to address this precise question. Methods: The study included recreational athletes aged 18-25 years who did not have a history of musculoskeletal injury in the last 6 months or surgery or fracture in the last 24 months, and who were classified as active according to the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire. Participants were evaluated using the LESS-RT. Jump-landing errors were evaluated in real-time by a sports medicine specialist. Results: The study included 55 healthy individuals (28 females, 27 males) with an average age of 21.8 ± 1.1 years. The two sexes were not significantly different in terms of age (p=0.572). For all participants, the mean LESS-RT score was 6.93 ± 1.99. Females scored significantly higher than males (7.61 ± 1.81 vs. 6.22 ± 1.97, p=0.009). However, the LESS-RT scores were not significantly correlated with anthropometric characteristics, such as age, height, body weight, or BMI, according to sex (p&gt;0.05). Females scored higher on LESS-RT (i.e. poorer performance), (p= 0.007). Conclusion: Female athletes scored higher on LESS-RT. Athletes, especially females, should be assessed for biomechanical errors in jump-landing.

Progressive Visual Occlusion and Postural Control Responses in Individuals With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability.

Prophylactic and rehabilitative balance training is needed to maximize postural control and develop appropriate sensory organization strategies. Partially occluding vision during functional exercise may promote appropriate sensory organization strategies, but little is known about the influence of partially occluded vision on postural control in those with and without a history of musculoskeletal injury. To determine the effect of increasing levels of visual occlusion on postural control in a heterogeneous sample of those with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). The secondary objective was to explore postural control responses to increasing levels of visual occlusion among those with unilateral and bilateral CAI relative to uninjured controls. Cross-sectional. Sports medicine research laboratory. Twenty-five participants with unilateral CAI, 10 with bilateral CAI, and 16 participants with no history of lower extremity injury. All participants completed four 3-minute postural control assessments in double-limb stance under the following 4 visual conditions: (1) eyes open, (2) low occlusion, (3) high occlusion, and (4) eyes closed. Low- and high-occlusion conditions were produced using stroboscopic eyewear. Postural control outcomes included time-to-boundary minima means in the anteroposterior (TTB-AP) and mediolateral directions (TTB-ML). Repeated-measures analysis of variances tested the effects of visual condition on TTB-AP and TTB-ML. Postural control under the eyes-open condition was significantly better (ie,higher) than the limited visual occlusion and eyes-closed conditions (P < .001) for TTB-AP and TTB-ML. For TTB-AP only, partially occluded vision resulted in better postural control than the eyes-closed condition (P ≤ .003). Partial and complete visual occlusion impaired postural control during dual-limb stance in a heterogeneous sample of those with and without CAI. Stroboscopic eyewear appears to induce postural control impairments to the same extent as complete visual occlusion in the mediolateral direction.

Musculoskeletal Injury History Is Associated With Lower Physical and Mental Health in a Historical Cohort of Former National Football League Players.

Little research has examined health-related quality of life in former National Football League (NFL) players. Examine the association of musculoskeletal injury history and current self-reported physical and mental health in former NFL players. Cross-sectional questionnaire. Historical cohort of 2,103 former NFL players that played at least one season between 1940 and 2001. Players were grouped by self-reported professional career musculoskeletal injury history and whether injuries affected current health: (1) no musculoskeletal injury history; (2) musculoskeletal injury history, currently affected by injuries; and (3) musculoskeletal injury history, not currently affected by injuries. The Short Form 36 Measurement Model for Functional Assessment of Health and Well-Being (SF-36) yielded physical and mental health composite scores (PCS and MCS, respectively); higher scores indicated better health. Multivariable linear regression computed mean differences (MD) among injury groups. Covariates included demographics, playing history characteristics, surgical intervention for musculoskeletal injuries, and whether injury resulted in premature end to career. MD with 95% CI excluding 0.00 were deemed significant. Overall, 90.3% reported at least one musculoskeletal injury during their professional football careers, of which 74.8% reported being affected by their injuries at time of survey completion. Adjusting for covariates, mean PCS in the "injury and affected" group was lower than the "no injury" (MD = -3.2; 95% CI: -4.8, -1.7) and "injury and not affected" groups (MD = -4.3; 95% CI: -5.4, -3.3); mean MCS did not differ. Many players reported musculoskeletal injuries, highlighting the need for developing and evaluating injury management interventions.

Self-Reported Musculoskeletal Injury Healthcare-Seeking Behaviors in US Air Force Special Warfare Personnel.

This study evaluated the musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) self-reporting behaviors among active-duty Air Force Special Warfare personnel to explore potential limitations of injury surveillance approaches. Participants completed a 47-item survey between December 2018 and March 2019 regarding their MSKI history. Participants were asked if they sought medical care for symptoms consistent with MSKIs and reasons they did or did not report their injuries. Injury reporting rates were calculated with descriptive statistics and rank ordering was utilized to determine frequency. A total of 398 airmen reported 1,057 injuries occurring in the previous 12-month period, including 508 (48%) injuries identified as not reported to medical personnel. Approximately 55% (N = 579) of all injuries were described as gradual onset. The most common reason for not reporting injuries (28.8%, N = 62) was "fear of potential impact on future career opportunities." Approximately half of MSKIs in this sample of US Air Force Special Warfare personnel were not reported to medical personnel. The underreporting of injuries may pose unknown levels of risk and negatively impact military readiness levels.

Epidemiology and Impact of Prior Musculoskeletal Injury and Orthopaedic Surgery on Draft Rank, Availability, and Short-term Performance in Major League Baseball: A Summary Analysis and Matched Cohort of 1890 Predraft Players.

Background:Despite the many reports of injury rates in Major League Baseball (MLB), little is known about the epidemiology or impact of prior musculoskeletal injuries and surgical procedures among players entering the MLB draft.Purpose:To determine the (1) epidemiology of all musculoskeletal injuries and surgical procedures among players entering the MLB draft, (2) impact of injury or surgery on draft rank, (3) impact of injury or surgery on availability within the first 2 years of play in the MLB, and (4) impact of injury or surgery on performance.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 1890 medical records that were completed by MLB team physicians as preparticipation physical assessment prior to the draft from 2014 to 2018. Players were divided into 3 groups: noninjured, nonoperative, and operative. Draft status, overall draft rank, missed games, batting average, and earned run average for the first 2 seasons of MLB play were obtained for all available players. Players across all 3 groups were compared with linear, logistic, and beta regression models, controlling for age, position, injury status, and draft rank. Unadjusted differences among groups were assessed with 1-way analysis of variance.Results:Overall, 750 position players and 1140 pitchers were included, of whom 22.8% had no reported injury history; 48.8% reported injury treated nonoperatively; and 28.5% were treated operatively. The most common predraft injuries were elbow tendinitis (n = 312), ulnar collateral ligament injury (n = 212), and shoulder labral tear (n = 76). The most common predraft treatments were physical therapy (n = 922), ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (n = 115), and fracture fixation (n = 69). Of the 1890 players, 719 were drafted and played for at least 2 years. No difference was found among noninjured, nonoperative, and operative groups in terms of draft rank, games missed, or performance. Players with a nonoperative injury had a decreased odds ratio of being drafted (0.738; P = .017).Conclusion:More than half of the players entering the MLB reported a history of musculoskeletal injury requiring treatment, and the most commonly affected joints were the shoulder and elbow. Musculoskeletal history did not affect draft rank, short-term availability, or performance for MLB prospects.

Obesity Prevalence and Musculoskeletal Injury History in Probation Officers.

The purpose of the present investigation was to identify 1) the prevalence of overweight and obesity and 2) factors associated with previous work-related musculoskeletal injury, and physical activity (PA) levels in North Carolina probation officers. North Carolina probation officers (N = 1866) were sent a questionnaire on demographics, work history, injury history, and PA. A multivariable logistic regression model estimated the odds of reporting work-related musculoskeletal injury history within the past year, and multivariable ordinal logistic regression estimated the odds of reporting lower PA levels in the previous month. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) excluding 1.00 were deemed significant. Complete data were available for 1323 probation officers (70.9% completion rate; 46.5% female; mean ± SD age, 39.9 ± 10.0 yr). Officers that were classified as overweight and obese were 80.8% (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg·m), with 49.9% and 9.5% categorized as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg·m) and severely obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg·m), respectively. Being older (1-yr increase; OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09) and severely obese (compared to normally weighted; OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.19-5.51) was associated with a greater odds of sustaining a work-related musculoskeletal injury in the past year. A higher number of years of employment (1-yr increase; OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04), being overweight or obese (compared to normal weight; OR, 1.57-3.22) and being female (compared with male: OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.31-0.47) was associated with the greater odds of lower PA levels in the previous month. The prevalence of obesity is alarmingly high in probation officers, and is associated with a greater likelihood of sustaining previous work-related musculoskeletal injury and engaging in lower amounts of PA. Public safety administrators may consider worksite exercise/diet interventions and annual physical employment standards to combat obesity.