History Of Movement Research Articles

Exogenous oil supply shocks and global agricultural commodity prices: The role of biofuels

Using quarterly data ranging from 1986Q1 to 2019Q4, this paper identifies an oil supply shock that is exogenous to global real economic activity in the impact quarter based on the proxy structural vector autoregressions (SVAR). Then, the impact of this shock on global agricultural commodity prices is examined, with a particular focus on the role of biofuels in distributing the impact of this shock on global food commodity prices. We find that unfavorable exogenous oil supply shocks have a significant positive effect on global agricultural commodity prices. Moreover, the significant positive effect of the unfavorable exogenous oil supply shock on global agricultural commodity prices is primarily attributable to the impact of the shock on the prices of oils, meals and grains, which are all key biofuel feedstocks. We find evidence that unfavorable exogenous oil supply shocks affect global food commodity prices partly through the biofuel production channel. Finally, we uncover that exogenous oil supply shocks have played an important role in historical food commodity price movements, especially since the early 2000s. These findings are very useful for policymakers in understanding the relationship between oil supply shocks and global agricultural commodity price fluctuations.

TRANSNATIONAL ISLAMIC MOVEMENTS IN INDONESIA

Transnational Islamic Movement is a new vocabulary in academic view. This movement tends to focus on ideological ideas that side with Muslims all over the world. The main factor in the emergence of the Islamic Movement in Indonesia is because Indonesia is a country with the most adherents of Islam in the world. This study reviews the Transnational Islamic Movement in Indonesia. It aims to find out the history of the Transnational Islamic Movement and whatever groups exist in Indonesia. The type of this research is historical research. In this research, the authors review the premises and practice of the historical method to understand how it came to be. The result is the discovery of Islamic groups such as (1) Wahhabism, (2) Ikhwanul Muslimin, (3) Hizbut Tahrir, (4) Jihadi, (5) Da'wah Salafi and Sururi, (6) Tablighi Jamaat, and (7) Syiah.

American Defender of One Nigeria: James Meredith, the Nigerian Civil War and the Politics of American Intervention in the Global South

Following the Biafran allegations of genocide against the Nigerian government during the Civil War, pro-Biafran groups emerged in the United States to pressure the American government into political intervention in the form of recognizing the Biafran republic. In response, African-American Civil Rights hero James Meredith counter-balanced the pro-Biafran groups, and advocated for one Nigeria in the United States. By analyzing public speech, correspondences, fact-finding mission reports, congressional hearing testimonies, and oral interviews, this paper examines Meredith’s pro-One Nigeria (Pan-African) activism during the Nigerian Civil War, and promotes a nuanced understanding of the international dimension of the Nigerian Civil War. This study proposes an episode of transnational history of the global black liberation movement of the long sixties, and demonstrates that Meredith’s pro-one Nigeria activism during the Nigerian Civil War was influenced by his background as a Civil Rights leader and his pan-African ideology.

Waging a Good War: A Military History of the Civil Rights Movement, 1954–1968 by Thomas E. Ricks (review)

Waging a Good War: A Military History of the Civil Rights Movement, 1954–1968 by Thomas E. Ricks (review)

Trans feminism and the women's liberation movement in Britain, c. 1970–1980

AbstractThe history of the British women's liberation movement (WLM) is a growing field of study, but it has had little to say about trans participants in the movement. Drawing on feminist and LGBT+ archives and interviews, this article argues that while trans acceptance in ‘women‐only’ groups was not guaranteed during the period between 1970 and 1980, trans and cis feminists worked together to advance feminist positions on bodily autonomy and to develop critiques of medical authority. In doing so, this article demonstrates that it is ahistorical to approach trans rights and women's liberation as distinct from one another.

Turning Students into Stock Market Investors: The Role of Civil Society and Public Schools in Swedish Financialization, c. 1985–2010

This article brings agency to discussions on financialization and financial education in Sweden by zooming in on two barely examined actors and arenas: civil society and public schools, respectively. The civil society organization Aktiespararna (Swedish Shareholders’ Association, founded in 1966) attempted to access and impact school education starting with its launch of youth efforts in the 1980s. Aktiespararna was joined in these efforts by Unga Aktiesparare (Swedish Young Shareholders’ Association), founded in 1990. This study describes the organizational strategies—tools, techniques, and discursive approaches—to reach Swedish upper-secondary school students. The result shows a crucial transition on how young Swedes were expected to relate to investing in stocks: from a special interest to pursue as either side activity or profession, to an inevitable part of everyday consumer life. The Swedish example is especially illuminating because it is general in its overall development from welfare state to market orientation. Yet, it emerges as distinctive in its pace and character. Apart from the apparent brisk, straightforward march from social-democratic hegemony, and one of the most regulated national economies in the mid-1900s, to a highly marketized and financialized society in the 2000s, Sweden holds a sociocultural history of strong popular movements and civil society associations. The article demonstrates important links between this aspect of collective engagement for individual progress and the financialization process.

The Forest Sisters: Women in the Estonian Post-World War II Forest Brother Movement

In historical tradition, the ‘forest brother movement’ means going into hiding in the woods, bogs, or on bog islands to escape wars or looting raids. The term ‘forest brother’ came into use as a more contemporary general term during the German occupation (1941–1944). It originally meant the brotherhood in arms of the time of the Summer War of 1941 but its meaning quickly started broadening. Although forest brothers are even nowadays defined as participants in armed resistance, generally speaking, in historical literature, everyone who hid themselves from the Soviet regime is referred to using this term, regardless of age and gender. While ‘the forest brother movement’ and ‘forest brother’ are established general terms, ‘forest sister’ is more of a colloquial expression. Thus, that term has not gained general acceptance in historical literature. Although as a rule, the gender of forest brothers is abstract in research papers, the term itself can lead to the mistaken understanding that only men hid themselves or fought against the Soviet regime. For that reason, this overview attempts to fill that gap and shed some light on the role of women in the history of the forest brother movement after the Second World War.

Going with the floe: Sea-ice movement affects distance and destination during Adélie penguin winter movements.

Seasonal migration, driven by shifts in annual climate cycles and resources, is a key part of the life history and ecology of species across taxonomic groups. By influencing the amount of energy needed to move, external forces such as wind and ocean currents are often key drivers of migratory pathways exposing individuals to varying resources, environmental conditions, and competition pressures impacting individual fitness and population dynamics. Although wildlife movements in connection with wind and ocean currents are relatively well understood, movements within sea-ice fields have been much less studied, despite sea ice being an integral part of polar ecology. Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica, currently exist at the southernmost edge of their range and undergo the longest (~12,000 km) winter migration known for the species. Within and north of the Ross Sea, the Ross Gyre drives ocean circulation and the large-scale movement of sea ice. We used remotely sensed sea-ice movement data together with geolocation-based penguin movement data to test the hypothesis that penguins use gyre-driven sea-ice movement to aid their migration. We found that penguins traveled greater distances when their movement vectors were aligned with those of sea ice (i.e., ice support) and the amount of ice support received depended on which route a penguin took. We also found that birds that took an eastern route traveled significantly further north in two of the 3 years we examined, coinciding with higher velocities of sea ice in those years. We compare our findings to patterns observed in migrating species that utilize air or water currents for their travel and with other studies showing the importance of ocean/sea-ice circulation patterns to wildlife movement and life history patterns within the Ross Sea. Changes in sea ice may have consequences not only for energy expenditure but, by altering migration and movement pathways, to the ecological interactions that exist in this region.

Categorizing Social Movements as Successful or Failed: Exploring the Essence Contributing to Social Dynamic Balance

Research on social movements has been continuously robust and of significant theoretical importance in the field of social studies. This paper argues that there is no definitive criterion for categorizing social movements into a binary standard of either success or failure. Social movements emerge to instigate societal or ideological transformations. By analysing various historical movements worldwide, the study finds that when social movements reach extreme positions and unleash devastating forces upon society, they often provoke counter-movements that seek to restore social equilibrium. Societal trends oscillate back and forth, much like a pendulum, and social movements function as agents that pull the pendulum towards the centre when it reaches its peak on one side. Therefore, social movements act as regulators contributing to the constant dynamic balance in society. This nuanced perspective can inform policymakers, activists, and researchers in their efforts to engage with and respond to social movements, fostering more informed and effective strategies for societal change and progress.

Foreign fighters from the far right and extreme left in the Russia–Ukraine conflict

ABSTARCT This study analyzes the phenomenon of Italian foreign fighters of different ideological backgrounds on the Ukrainian front. Right-wing extremists on opposite sides of the front and right-wing extremists fighting alongside left-wing extremists. An ideologically intricate situation that needs to be understood in the light of the political and geopolitical dynamics of the present but also of the history of right-wing movements since the Second World War. On the one hand, the foreign fighters from CasaPound Italia (CPI) aligned with Ukraine and NATO and on the other those of Forza Nuova (FN) and other movements aligned with pro-Russian militias and united in combat with far-left fighters. This study reconstructs the reasons for the fracture taking place on the right and those at the base of a rapprochement between a part of the far right and the extreme left, the so-called Red-Brown cocktail.

Aesthetic of Light and Time: An Intellectual History of Pictorialism from India

Pictorialism emerged in the last quarter of the nineteenth century as a global aesthetic movement that argued for photography’s artistic status on par with other plastic arts more powerfully than ever. Archives from South Asia demonstrate the movement’s thriving life in the subcontinent with Calcutta emerging as a centre and its bilingual amateur photographer-writers as major participants simultaneously engaging in globally circulating specialist discourses on pictorialism and popular discussions of their practice aimed at public pedagogy. By looking into Bangla periodical press this paper investigates how Bengali pictorialists used popular Bangla magazines in the early twentieth century to establish their distinct voice regarding what counted as artistic photography as they engaged with a non-specialist mass readership. Mass-circulated Bangla articles were not vernacular translations of knowledge and practices produced in metropolitan locations and disseminated in transregional languages like English. Vernacular was an extension of Bengali amateur photographers’ participation in global photography, as they remained grounded in their historical specificity. These amateur photographers were bilingual intellectuals who wrote in English for a global public and in Bangla for a Bangla-reading publics and refraining from translating culture as they moved across languages. Indeed, articulations in vernacular didn’t mean a venularization of practice; they indicate plurality of belonging and affiliation that crafted the pictorialist aesthetic of the Bengali amateurs. By unpacking this intellectual history, this paper decenters the Euro-US-centric history of pictorialism towards writing an interconnected history of the artistic movement, while also complicating the category of modern Indian art.

How Fromm’s Ideas Resonate Politically as well as Philosophically: The Contemporary Case of Guaranteed Income

ABSTRACT Erich Fromm is not generally associated with policy positions and politics. Yet, Fromm was an early proponent of guaranteed income as an important practical entitlement necessary if greater human freedoms were to be realized. The article traces the development of the idea of basic (or guaranteed income) in US social movement history going back to the 1960s and including the writings of Erich Fromm on this topic. It argues that the concept of guaranteed income flows easily from, and is consonant with, Fromm’s humanistic philosophy overall. Four reasons are offered, including those that are politically, ethically and pragmatically oriented, as to why providing basic income to all citizens has major advantages over the kind of economic precarity and anxieties that many people currently experience. Lastly, after making a multi-dimensional case for guaranteed income, the article responds to a common objection – namely, if basic income became universally available, people would not wish to work. Quite to the contrary, and as empirical experiments have shown, Fromm’s ideas suggest that guaranteed income would encourage people to work with increased commitment and passion and that more positive than negative consequences would ensue from the concept becoming a widespread and much more generally accepted public policy.

«Letters from Chernihiv Region» by I.L. Shrag as a source for the history of the zemstvo liberal movement in the North of the Left-Bank Ukraine (80s of the 19th century)

The article analyzes the public epistolary of the well-known representative of the Zemstvo liberal party of the Northern Left Bank – Ilya LudvigovichShrag. The author comes to the conclusion that «Letters from the Chernihiv region» by I. Shrag is a unique and important source from the history of the Zemstvo liberal movement in the north of Left Bank Ukraine in the 80s of the XIX century, which very eloquently testifies to the ideological and political imperatives of the opposition aristocratic front of the region. In the public epistolary of Ilya Ludvigovych, which was published on the pages of the famous Ukrainian almanac Pravda, a panorama of social life in the Chernihiv province during the Counter-Reforms of Emperor Alexander III is presented, as well as the evaluation judgments and characteristics of the famous liberal regarding the general atmosphere of changes that took place in the Russian Empire at this time. period. In his letters, I. Shrag very eloquently characterized the historical genesis of the reign of Emperor Alexander III, which, according to the actor, was directly connected with the history of the Great Moscow State; presented albeit subjective, but very vivid characteristics to the ruling persons of the Chernihiv province at that time from the circle of reactionary politicians, in particular the Chernihiv governor –O.Anastasyev, emphasizing the demoralizing role of such officials in the life of the province; in sufficient detail, using specific examples, highlighted the reasons for the fundamental and irreconcilable conflict between the members of the Zemstvo liberal party of northern Ukraine and the conservative bureaucracy and the administration of the governor; as a professional lawyer, I. Shrag carried out a legal analysis of the basic counter-reforms of Alexander III – Zemstvo, judicial and city, rightly pointing out the great degradation of the country and society, which these legislative acts caused.

Prednosti i slabosti etnometodologije u zasnivanju naučnih zakona - protivrečnosti Garfinkelovog eksperimenta

In this paper, the author sheds light on the importance of ethnomethodology as a "school" of thought, but also as a set of methodological procedures that have greatly improved the scientific research of social phenomena and their changes through historical movement. The advances in empirical research made by ethnomethodology are emphasized by authors from Irving Goffman to Garfingel and his famous experiment. The text highlights the advantages of ethnomethodological procedures in relation to the speculative tradition of European social and humanistic sciences, as well as some weaknesses that the author notices, such as the excessive insistence on the "universality" of the induction principle in analysing the "holy trinity" of social sciences, followed by the nature of social relations and their changes, of the status of the citizen, and the ideological-political structure of the state under whose auspices these changes take place. The author sees the main weakness of the entire ethnomethodology in the absolutization of indicators that stand out as a reliable criterion for demystifying the true nature of symbolic interaction in a social structure. In this sense, this paper sheds additional light on the superficial effects of Garfingel's experiment, which is focused on exposing the "vanity" of everyday behavioural patterns. The author does not dispute that the process of "dehumanization" of Western civilization is also manifested in the unravelling of Saussure's linguistic triangle - the sign, the signifier, and the signified. The author does not dispute the scientific and methodological effectiveness of Garfingel's experiment; he rather denies the generally binding nature of the conclusions of that experiment, the significance of which lies in the fact that it helped establish the view that interpersonal relations are devoid of empathy in the epistemic period of modernity. According to the author of this paper, Garfingel expressed one indicator from a wide empirical abundance, deliberately ignoring others that contradict it. Although he questions the universality of the results of ethnomethodological research on social phenomena, the author points out that ethnomethodology follows Durkheim's demand that "social phenomena should be viewed as things"

An Ignored Chapter in the History of Language Movement: The Cultural Activities and Mass Movement that Strengthened the Movement in 1952 from Chattogram, Bangladesh

This paper focuses on the great Language Movement in the port city, Chattogram in the then East Pakistan. The city’s residents enthusiastically participated in the Language Movement, which was the most courageous manifestation of Bengali nationalism. However, it is quite unfortunate that the movement activities of the Chattogram people are not mentioned much in books, research papers, or the news. By disregarding all democratic standards, Pakistan’s ruling elites attempted to make Urdu the official language. This movement attracted participants of all genders and expanded throughout East Pakistan. The political, cultural, and social context of East Bengal was significantly impacted by the unified and resilient Chattogram language movement. People from all around Bengal were involved in this, and people in Bangladesh have a right to know the true history that contributed to the rise of Bengali nationalism. This article has made numerous attempts to present the movement’s true features whish were truly an ignored chapter in the history of Bangladesh.

Dados abertos governamentais: Modelo de diagnóstico de maturidade voltado a qualidade de dados para publicação na web

Abstract Increased interest in open government data initiatives stems from long debates about state modernization. This study investigates the challenges imposed on public administration regarding data publishing from an open data perspective to propose a maturity diagnosis model for open data portals, aiming at the provision of in-depth, consistent, efficient, and transparent government information. The research comprised three phases. Firstly, we conducted a pre-test on open data portals from the United States, the United Kingdom, Brazil and Ireland, motivated by studies on the history of the open data movement as well as the current panorama of initiatives, evolution stages and challenges, which defined the fundamental analytical dimensions for the proposed maturity model. Secondly, we developed a maturity diagnosis model for open government data portals. Finally, the model was applied and validated on the pre-tested portals. Results from the diagnosis instrument can guide public administration in realizing a more efficient and responsible data governance, benefiting the government, the open data movement and civil society.

‘I Invoke You to Understand My Despair Due to the Disruption of the Production Plan.’ Yuri Shaporin, Elena Malinovskaya and the Bolshoi Theater in the First Half of the 1930s

The article is devoted to the history of the interactions between the important Soviet composer Yuri Shaporin with the State Academic Bolshoi Theater in the first half of the 1930s. The research is based on archival materials to a considerable degree brought into scholarly use for the first time. A special role for disclosing the theme was played by the documents of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (preserved in the personal archives of Yuri Shaporin, director of the Bolshoi Theater Elena Malinovskaya and, of course, the archive of the Bolshoi Theater) and the Russian State Archive of Social-Political History. In the early 1930s the directory of the Bolshoi Theater, which was headed by Malinovskaya, was actively looking for works pertaining to a new, “Soviet” repertoire; the necessity of the theater’s “renewal” was also constantly reminded both by the press and the country’s leadership. In these conditions serous hopes were set on the collaboration with Leningrad-based composer Yuri Shaporin, who committed himself to presenting a symphony and an opera. The latter, which was supposed to have written on the plotline of the insurrection of the Decembrists, was more crucial for the theater. Malinovskaya expected this composition to open with itself a grandiose musical cycle devoted to the history of the revolutionary movement in Russia: the two following operas which Shaporin was expected to write were supposed to be devoted to the members of the Narodnaya Volya [People’s Will] revolutionary movement and to the Marxists. However, the work on The Decembrists began to be delayed unacceptably, which was the result both of the irresponsible behavior of the composer, who worked only from time to time on the composition entrusted to him, as well as his disagreements with the writer Alexei Nikolayevich Tolstoy, who was working on the libretto based on his own novelette written by him earlier. As the result, prior to 1935 (the year Malinovskaya resigned and there was a change of the directory of the Bolshoi Theater) The Decembrists were not completed (this happened much later, in 1953, already in different historical conditions).

Постать Наталії Кобринської крізь призму робіт української діаспоріянки в Канаді Ірени Книш

Іntroduction. The article is devoted to the study of the works of a bright representative of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada - Irena Knysh, in which she analyzes the life, creative and social progress of the theoretician and the founder of organized feminism in Ukraine, the organizer of the first Ukrainian feminist organization and the first national almanac on the topic of gender equality - Natalia Kobrynska. Methods. An anthropocentric approach is used, which makes it possible to focus on the personality of Kobrynska and her feminist and gender works in both organizational and literary formats. The principles and methods of historical and anthropological research are used (the principle of anthropological interpretation and reduction, based on which the work of Kobrynska is analyzed as a way of self-objectification of the writer) in combination with biographical (analysis of biographical material about Kobrynska), historical and analytical (study of social and political influences on the formation of Natalia Kobrynska's emancipatory ideas and her structuring of the ideology of feminism into an organizational form), figurative and stylistic methods (analysis of the writer's literary work). The results. Analyzing the works of Irena Knysh dedicated to Kobrynska, the author tried to demonstrate the multifaceted nature of Natalia Kobrynska's activity and the constant components of her intellectual worldview, through the prism of which Irena Knysh saw her: in her versatile human essence, in complex inner self-development, in dialogue with herself and her environment. There is no doubt that Kobrynska's artistic works have become a valuable asset of national literature, and her social and public, primarily feminist activity is a unique page in the history of the Ukrainian social-democratic movement. Conclusions. The activities of Nataliya Kobrynska and the research of Irena Knysh become particularly relevant in today's difficult times, when Ukrainian feminism faces new challenges and responds to them. Again, as 140 years ago, Ukrainian feminists have to fight for Ukraine, for their rights in Ukraine and abroad

Некрологи И. И. Попова как источник по истории противостояния части общества и государства второй половины XIX в.

This article examines the obituaries on revolutionaries written and published by I. I. Popov in the 1900s-1930s. Based on the analysis of a wide range of published materials, it was possible to establish Popov's authorship in 23 obituaries. Despite all the shortcomings inherent in this source, the obituary contains a lot of valuable information about the life and work of entire generations, about the problems of society and the state in the past. It is noted that in his obituaries I. I. Popov describes not only the little-known facts of the biographies of revolutionaries, but also makes broad generalizations revealing the features of the activities of revolutionaries and their relationships. The conclusion is made about the importance of this type of documents as a source on the history of the populist movement and political exile of the second half of the 19th century.

Рукопис В.М. Хижнякова «О ревизии волостей в некоторых уездах Черниговской губернии в 1888 году» як джерело з історії земського лібералізму Північної України (1880-х рр.)

The purpose of the study. The purpose of the publication is to introduce the found author’s work of V. Khyzhnyakov and its content analysis into the international scientific circulation. Work methodology. When writing the article, general scientific (methods of synthesis and analysis, deduction and induction) and special-historical (critical, problem-chronological methods, content analysis) research methodology was used, which in general ensured the achievement of the tasks set in the publication. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in Ukrainian historical science, an analysis of the author’s manuscript of a member of the opposition aristocratic front of northern Ukraine, the mayor of Chernihiv V. Khyzhnyakov ‘About the revision of volosts in some counties of Chernihiv province in 1888’ was carried out. The author came to the conclusion that the researched work is an important source from the history of the Zemstvo liberal movement in the north of the Left Bank of Ukraine, which illustrates the ideological imperatives of ascetic practical activity of the Zemstvo liberal party of the Northern Left Bank. The conducted content analysis of the manuscript shows that it contains generalizations of a conceptual nature that reflect the main intentions of the social and economic program of the Zemstvo liberal movement, once again proving that the studied trend in the liberation movement of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century had a self-sufficient and very promising vision of the future of the Russian Empire. The study of this topic will allow domestic historiography to significantly increase its achievements in the matter of forming a doctrinal vision of a large-scale liberation movement in the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th century.