Interpretation Of History Research Articles

Synergies and Potential of Industry 4.0 and Automated Vehicles in Smart City Infrastructure

The integration of Industry 4.0 and automated vehicles into the smart cities concept is a topical issue in the urbanization of cities and technological innovation within cities. As it is a relatively modern issue, many aspects of this field have not yet been explored; as a consequence, this paper is concerned with the search for synergies between Industry 4.0 and automated vehicles in smart city infrastructures. There is a lack of contributions in this field that summarize these synergies in a single article and address a wide range of aspects, including transport, energy, communication, and citizen participation. As the field lacks a complete and clear summary of what is already known, which would help multiple stakeholders, the authors decided to conduct this review. The article elucidates the above-stated aspects through a clear and in-depth literature review, which is complemented by specific examples from practice. Of course, the article also includes a description of the synergy potential and the impact on the inhabitants, the environment, and, last but not least, on the overall city life. The main hypothesis of this article is that the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies and automated vehicles within smart city infrastructure will result in significant improvements in transportation efficiency, resource utilization, and overall urban sustainability. The article discusses the positives and negatives of such integration, highlighting, on the one hand, the benefits in terms of reducing environmental impact and improving citizens’ quality of life, but on the other hand, also highlighting the various ethical, legal, and social issues that such integrations may bring. Several methods have been used within the article, namely analysis, synthesis, comparison, and historical interpretation. The final discussion highlights the benefits, as well as the challenges, that such integration faces and must deal with if it is to be successful. It can be concluded that the synergistic potential of automated vehicles and Industry 4.0 in smart city infrastructure is enormous and that such integration offers promising solutions for enhancing transportation efficiency, energy management, and overall urban sustainability. It is also highlighted in the article that, in order to reap the benefits of such synergies, a wide-ranging collaboration of policymakers, industry stakeholders, and urban planners is needed.

Critical Independence versus Christian Catholicity in Hugo Grotius’s Annotations on Matthew 23:2–3

Abstract This article examines the Annotationes in Novum Testamentum of Hugo Grotius (1583–1645) at Matt 23:2–3, both to understand more about Grotius’s exegetical method and to generate additional data for the effects and uses of those verses. The following are general findings from the examination. First, Grotius shows a degree of independence to make text-critical decisions that affect translation. Second, Grotius’s interpretation of Jesus’s command to the scribes and Pharisees “who sit on the chair of Moses” depends upon an understanding of jurisprudence, eschews speculation about divine institution of the teaching office, and cuts off redeployment of Jesus’s command in contemporary polemics among Christians. Third, Grotius puts Jesus’s statements in conversation with the received wisdom from “pagan” antiquity. Fourth, Grotius demonstrates an awareness of options in the history of interpretation and desires, maybe naïvely and with some self-contradiction, to show himself in harmony with ancient Christian traditions.

Geometric Traces: from Historical Interpretations to Complex Constructions

Geometric Traces: from Historical Interpretations to Complex Constructions

EPISTEMOLOGY OF SUFISM IN SUFI INTERPRETATION (ANALYSIS OF THE PATTERNS OF THEORETICAL (NAZHARI) AND PRACTICAL ('AMALI) SUFI EXEGESIS)

Sufi tafsir is a form of interpretation of verses from the Qur'an carried out by Sufis, with a focus on the dimensions of Sufism both in the practice of 'amalî and aspects of nazharî. This research reveals the history of Sufi interpretation and the essential differences between two styles of Sufi interpretation, namely nazharî and 'amalî Sufi interpretation by exploring the epistemology of Sufism in the interpretation process because the author highlights the inaccuracy of general understanding in detailing the fundamental differences between these two styles of Sufi interpretation. The aim of the research is to contribute to a deeper understanding of Sufi interpretation styles and help to detail fundamental differences in the context of Sufism epistemology. By using library research methods and a qualitative approach, the research results show that based on Sufism epistemology, the explanation of levels of meaning in Sufi interpretation is based on extracting meaning (the context of discovery) and explaining meaning (the context of justification). The distinction between the Sufi nazharî and 'amalî interpretation styles lies in the context of justification and the presence of esoteric and exoteric meanings. As for the context of discovery, both are based on mukâsyafah/sufi spiritual experience.

Analisis 1 Timotius 2:11-12 terkait Perdebatan Kepemimpinan Wanita dalam Gereja

One of the most controversial texts in the history of biblical interpretation relating to women's participation in church teaching and leadership is 1 Timothy 2:11-12. This text is seen as completely inconsistent with the total testimony of the NT. The Complementarian group used this text as the basis for prohibiting women from teaching and leading in the church. Meanwhile, the Egalitarian group believes that Paul's statement in 1 Timothy 2:11-12 is not a manual for church order that must be applied universally to limit women's ministry in all times and places. This research analyzes the text of 1 Timothy 2:11-12 regarding the debate on women's leadership in the church. The method used is exegesis, with the aim of finding meaning according to the original author's intentions when the text was written. The results of this research found that there are certain women who have exercised authority with dominance that demeans men. For that reason, Paul instructed certain women not to teach and command men.

Creativity in the Ancient Greek Philosophy: The Politics of Demiourgein

ABSTRACTWhere does creativity come from and what is its purpose? The paper revisits these ever‐turning questions to correct the prevalent but, arguably, inaccurate historical interpretation of creativity as a concept that emerged in modernity. First, I substantiate that a close study of the ancient Greek texts suggests that although creativity seems to occupy a peripheral position in the ancient philosophical thinking, it is a central, yet, hidden, subject of speculation. Second, I overturn the worn‐out view that the ancient Greek philosophy conceives creativity as a God‐given talent breathed into a fortunate few. Last, I demonstrate that a more encompassing understanding of creativity is implied by several Greek philosophers. To achieve this, (a) I discuss the contemporary interpretations of the ancient notion; (b) I examine the historical origin and etymology of the Greek term demiourgein (“to create”) to discuss its relevant uses; and (c) I develop a nuanced framework for conceptualizing ancient creativity and its interrelation to human agency, politics, and social life.

When Is Old Too Old? The Problem of Leaning on Outdated Historical Work and a Simple Distinction between Two Kinds of Evidence to Address This

Abstract While international relations and comparative politics scholars are often hesitant to lean on old empirical findings in their own discipline, they have no similar qualms when it comes to the work of historians. This is sometimes problematic and sometimes not. To help political scientists who are going historical address this issue, I revisit prior methodological work by Cameron Thies, published in these pages, to introduce a distinction between two kinds of historical evidence: (i) “factual evidence,” which is relatively specific descriptive evidence that ages well and where there is often no alternative to enlisting older work, and (ii) “inferential evidence,” which is broader historical interpretations that tend to become outdated much more quickly. This distinction provides a shortcut for political scientists going historical who do not have the resources to systematically review historiography to document whether a certain piece of historical evidence has stood the test of time or not.

Космическое христианство Мирчи Элиаде, подходы к интерпретации

The article deals with the construct of cosmic Christianity in Mircea Eliade's project of the history of religion. Links are established with other concepts of the author, such as creative hermeneutics, homo religiosus, the horror of history, etc. Parallels are also drawn with German Idealism, Protestantism, traditionalism, Jungian psychoanalysis, and conservative-revolutionary thought. The criticism of A. Lenel-Lavastin and D. Dubuisson is drawn upon, arguing that the construct of cosmic Christianity can work within a national-conservative synthesis, so that the nation becomes the guarantor of the purity of church tradition. Eliade's method by which he contrasts cosmic Christianity with Judeo-Christian messianism is discussed. As part of the concept of cosmic Christianity the implicit use of the author's original concept of tradition as a virtual chain of initiations is found. Eliade's assembly is viewed through the lens of P. Berger's social constructivism. It is argued that Berger bases his theory of secularization on Eliade's working definition of religion and concept of cosmization. The metaphysical opposition of Eliade's vital immanentism to Berger's transcendentalism is stated. Immanentism is correlated with the traditional and archetypal folk re-evaluation within cosmic Christianity, transcendentalism with the radical and historical interpretation of the Gospel in Lutheran theology. Eliade's history of religion is characterized as a modernist theory, with inherent qualities of M. such as: a desire for a totalizing worldview, an interest in building a synthetic ideology on the border of archaic myth and scientific knowledge, a sense of the removal of the divine and an acceleration of the end of history. A connection is established between Eliade's theory of religion and the metaphysical framework of the "natural" in Modern science and culture. The reality of the sacred is characterized as a living self-organizing system, and its manifestation as a hierophany of the natural. The conclusion is made that the essentialism and naturalism of such metaphysics do not allow the history of religion to transcend the categories of Modern science and culture, which, according to the author of the article, was the goal of Eliade's project.

A Syphilis-Giving God? On the Interpretation of the Philistine’s Scourge

Abstract To understand a text, or any other form of art work, as referring to a disease is not always obvious. This uncertainty, although confined to rare cases, nevertheless allows us to explore the limits and blind spots of certain frameworks proposed to think about the relationship between art and disease, notably Susan Sontag’s book Ilness as metaphor. In this article, I take a closer look at the calamity described in chapters 5 and 6 of the first book of Samuel and its various exegeses in the Western World. This calamity (still considered by many to be a bubonic plague), was not associated with the pandemic imaginary by ancient commentators, artists, and doctors, and it is only in modern times that medical diagnoses of the text change in this sense. I propose to see that these seemingly innocuous changes in diagnostic interpretations actually reflect deep changes in the relation between illness and divine agency. After a brief critical review of Susan Sontag’s writings on interpretation and their relationship to Ilness as Metaphor, I will proceed to trace the complex interpretation history of this calamity, before drawing observations about the place of interpretation in literary criticism and in the medical sciences.

Visitor Perception on Urban Green Space and its Contribution for Human Well-being, A Case Study for Henarathgoda Botanic Garden


 
 
 Botanical gardens vary widely in design and purpose, but most are typically associated with Ex-situ conservation, education, or historical interpretation. Yet, few studies have shown that botanic garden visitors are often motivated by recreational and leisure interests. While visitor motivations and benefits have been the focus of a number of botanical garden and green space visitor studies. The main objective of the study was to investigate the perceptions of benefits for wellbeing of community, by visiting Henarathgoda Botanic Garden (HBG) and the Specific objectives were; to identify the range of different specialized visitors to the HBG, identify the activity patterns of community visitation associated with HBG and to examine visitor preferences/perceptions for various combinations of social, resource and management conditions, and study the different wellbeing benefits obtained by visiting the garden related to physical and aesthetics aspects. This study employed means-end theory to investigate the links visitors make between garden attributes, consequences, and values. Structured questionnaire based in-person interviews were conducted with garden visitors (n=200) and surveys took place representing whatsoever the community visiting the HBG during February to March 2022. The overall study resulted that the garden visitation has been drastically affected by COVID-19 pandemic situation before, during, and after the pandemic respectively. This study reveals that the main top two reasons for visiting the HBG of respondent were because of relaxation and pleasure. This shows HBG should provide a suitable place for recreational activities for visitors. Further, the highest percentage of the respondents (36%) were commented that HBG‘s management should consider improving the services providing and maintaining more facilities and need for the visitors. The most positive benefit wanted to gain responders by visiting HBG, which was understanding and enjoying nature in different garden sections established at HBG (42%).
 Keywords: Urban green spaces, Well-being benefits, Botanic garden, Psychological benefits, Questionnaire survey
 
 

Casting Stones with Intent: Transnational Interventions towards Ethical and Reparative Memorialisation

In the summer of 2020, on the wave of the Black Lives Matter Movement, statues and public monuments became focal points of political struggle, perceived by many as symbolic reminders of pervading western imperial legacies. Yet, the debate over public memorialisation is far from new. Starting from the 2020 BLM protests in Britain and going back to previous campaigns, this article contextualises the toppling, effacing and removal of well-known statues of colonial agents in Britain, Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand and examines artistic interventions which appropriate, challenge and shatter static historical interpretations of imperial figures and events. Our contention is that these interventions constitute diverse forms of performative and re-storied resistance reflecting transnational demands for redress and reparation.

Čo pre Slovákov znamenal a v súčasnosti znamená štátny sviatok Slovenského národného povstania?

Intention of the authors is to analyse the importance of national holiday of the Slovak National Uprising in a context of collective and historical memory of the Slovak nation. The aim of submitted paper is therefore to analyse various lines of opinion on the Slovak National Uprising, especially from the perspective of two totalitarian ideologies, as well as from the perspective of contemporary historiography after 1989. In the context of aforementioned analyses, authors deal with recent and historical interpretations from the historical and collective memory point of view, with an emphasis on legal consequences. The first years of independence and democracy brought to Slovakia re-increase of pro-fascist (ľudák’s) interpretation of history, which, however, did not succeeded in settling down in the collective memory of the Slovak nation. Nevertheless, the last years once again brought relativisation and misinterpretation of historical context of the Slovak National Uprising and its specific standing in society as a national holiday in particular. Reflecting these negative trends, the authors also consider possibilities of effective protection of national holidays, not only with the use of law.

The Battle of Five Days and Five Nights in Palembang in Defending Indonesia's Independence in 1945

The incident of the five-days and five-nights war, that took place in Palembang on 1-5 January 1947, was a struggle for the people of Palembang, South Sumatra, to maintain Indonesian independence from the Dutch who wanted to occupy the Palembang region. This has received criticism in history related to the struggle of the people of Palembang. They had put efforts not only to maintain the independence. but also to maintain the source power nature. The objective of this study is to analyze the events of five days and five nights of struggle to maintain Indonesian independence in 1945. This study uses the method history with technique data collection using heuristics, data verification, and techniques of data analysis using interpretation history and past historiography. Research results explain that the events of five days and five nights in Palembang which occurred in 1947 were battle among the people of Palembang, South Sumatra, who faced Dutch soldiers in the fierce war in the center of the city of Palembang. Point battles included fort Kuto Besak, Caritas, and the region’s old airport or area Tulung betutu. This paper is relevant to the struggle of people for Indonesia’s independence, which reflects a sense of kinship and comradeship in liberating.
 Keywords: struggle, independence, Palembang.

The Reception of Holocaust (1978) in Spain: Commending and Condemning Holocaust Memory

ABSTRACT When Holocaust reached Spaniards’ TV sets in 1979, the extermination of the Jews of Europe was an event marginally known and scarcely discussed by the Spanish people. The miniseries was a form of Holocaust representation that for the first time was fully embraced by political and TV authorities in Spain. Consequently, the Holocaust emerged from behind the censorship and silencing typical of Francoist dictatorship and became a topic of discussion in the public sphere. The public TV station Televisión Española (TVE) hosted two debates featuring historians and intellectuals that focused on the miniseries and also on various aspects of Nazism, the Holocaust, and the uses of Holocaust memory in the contemporary world. Similarly, the national newspapers El País and ABC offered broad coverage of the release of Holocaust and the polemics surrounding it. This intellectual discussion and journalistic attention to Holocaust took place against a backdrop of political transition from a dictatorial regime to a parliamentary democracy, conflicting interests in foreign policy in relation to the Middle East and the West, and meager acknowledgment of Spain’s role during WWII and long history of antisemitism. Grounded on cultural memory as a suitable approach to understand the potential of popular culture in affecting historical interpretation, the article argues that the public presentation of Holocaust simultaneously commended and condemned Holocaust memory or, more precisely, condemned a perceived hegemonic Jewish reading of the Holocaust and commended an interpretation of that event particularly useful to the Spanish political elites of the time.

Romans: Texts, Readers, and the History of Interpretation by Stephen Westerholm (review)

Romans: Texts, Readers, and the History of Interpretation by Stephen Westerholm (review)

Historical interpretation as the foundational concept for history education

Este artículo comienza revisando la gama de formas en que los conceptos del pensamiento histórico se modelan en el discurso de la educación histórica anglófona contemporánea, e identifica un enfoque en los relatos históricos y las interpretaciones históricas como características de las tradiciones de la educación histórica inglesa. Se presentan argumentos a favor de la importancia y prioridad de la comprensión de los relatos e interpretaciones históricas en el análisis de todos los conceptos del pensamiento histórico. Luego se presenta y elabora un modelo de cómo funcionan los relatos e interpretaciones históricas, mostrando cómo las consideraciones adelantadas juegan un papel central en una amplia gama de formas de dar sentido al pasado. El artículo concluye defendiendo la centralidad de la comprensión de los relatos y las interpretaciones para la educación histórica en nuestros contextos contemporáneos de múltiples historias, donde apreciar la pluralidad de formas de dar sentido a la historia es vital en varios sentidos.

Historical interpretation as the foundational concept for history education

Este artículo comienza revisando la gama de formas en que los conceptos del pensamiento histórico se modelan en el discurso de la educación histórica anglófona contemporánea, e identifica un enfoque en los relatos históricos y las interpretaciones históricas como características de las tradiciones de la educación histórica inglesa. Se presentan argumentos a favor de la importancia y prioridad de la comprensión de los relatos e interpretaciones históricas en el análisis de todos los conceptos del pensamiento histórico. Luego se presenta y elabora un modelo de cómo funcionan los relatos e interpretaciones históricas, mostrando cómo las consideraciones adelantadas juegan un papel central en una amplia gama de formas de dar sentido al pasado. El artículo concluye defendiendo la centralidad de la comprensión de los relatos y las interpretaciones para la educación histórica en nuestros contextos contemporáneos de múltiples historias, donde apreciar la pluralidad de formas de dar sentido a la historia es vital en varios sentidos.

Admonitory and utopian: the algorithmic interpretation of Rabbi Meir Kahane’s historical narratives

ABSTRACT Bar’s study examines and analyses the historical narratives and use of Jewish history put forward by Rabbi Meir Kahane (1932–1990), one of the most extreme far-right radicals ever to hold political power in Israel. Drawing on a variety of primary and secondary sources, Bar reviews the ways in which Kahane’s historical interpretation is used to support his modern political and ideological positions. He finds that two main paths serve as a fulcrum for Kahane’s historical reception to justify his demands for segregation and separation between Jews and Gentiles (including the forced transfer of Israeli Arabs and/or Palestinians) on a theological-historical basis. The first is admonitory, and utilizes the Holocaust as a negative example to show how assimilation and coexistence—in Israel or elsewhere—between Jews and Gentiles leads to an inevitable ‘physical and spiritual Auschwitz’. The second path is a positive one, which looks to the utopian ‘golden ages’ of Jewish history in ancient times as an example of how past heroes and leaders, such as biblical figures or the Hasmoneans, behaved in the face of hardships and risks of assimilation, as well as the destruction of Jewish lives and religious practices.

Атрибуция и датировка спорных известий об общности русь IX в.: историографические итоги

The paper summarizes the results of the studies of those pieces of information on the community (people) Rus’ of the 9th century, that for various reasons cannot be either unambiguously associated with it, or confidently dated to the time earlier than the 10th century. There used to be long discussions of each of these texts, but as a rule, the problematic status of them, disputability of their attribution and dating were ignored while reconstructing the ethnopolitical history of the early period of the Rus’ history. Unfortunately, the researchers’ desire to enrich the history of the 9th-century Rus’, together with infinite immunization of precarious hypotheses have created a cardinal gap between the level of source studies and the new understanding of a number of texts, on the one hand, and their conventional (especially in our domestic historiography) historical interpretations, on the other hand. First of all, one should abandon the arbitrary identification of two high-standing Byzantines living in the early 9th century who bore the name Inger as Scandinavians, because the Germanic names came into the Roman onomasticon much more likely from the descendants of the Goths, Federates of the Roman army, the so-called Gotthograikoi. The probability that the Greek original of the Life of St Stefan of Surozh contained a mention of Rus’ is negligible. The letter of Byzantine emperor Basil I to the Frankish emperor Louis II (871) whose answer is preserved in the Chronicon Salernitanum did not contain, most likely, any ‘latent’ mention of Rus’. At last, the information about Rus’ in the Life of George of Amastris, the Bavarian Geographer and the Chronicle of Pseudo-Simeon should be dated the 10th century, and bear no relation to the 9th century. The dating of the Bavarian geographer to the time ca 900, rather than to the 9th century, is particularly important, as it helps to clarify a number of its ‘dark places’ and to understand its genre as a kind of a personal postscript to a textbook. It is absolutely obvious, that all the texts listed above should be, without doubts, excluded from the history of the 9th-century Rus’ until new source studies specifying their reading, attribution or dating appear. The historiographical inertia of their usage in the studies of the history of the 9th century seriously distorts it and hinders its adequate reconstruction.

Шмелев в СССР. (Статья первая: издания и рецепция в довоенный период)

The article examines the literary-critical and journalistic reception of I.S. Shmelev’s works in the USSR, along with the history of publication and interpretation of his works in the pre-war period. The subject of the analysis is the corpus of articles, essays, and reviews published in the newspapers “Pravda,” “Izvestiia,” “Literaturnaia Gazeta,” the journals “Pechat’ i Revoliutsiia,” “Krasnaia Nov,” “Prozhektor,” “Biulleten’ Knigi,” etc., collections of works by Shmelev, adstracts dedicated to him in the “Histories of Russian Literature” by V.L. Lvov- Rogachevsky, V.E. Evgeniev-Maksimov, B.V. Mikhailovsky, and others mentions of the writer’s name in the central Soviet press. Shmelev actively published until 1929, despite the writer’s anti-Soviet position in emigration. The negative reviews that began to appear in the USSR after the publication of the “Solntse Mertvykh” did not delete Shmelev’s name from the history of literature and the modern literary process. He was still considered one of the most significant Russian writers and even included in the study program of universities.