Immigration History Research Articles

Porous Borders: Multiracial Migrations and the Law in the U.S.–Mexico Borderlands by Julian Lim

Reviewed by: Porous Borders: Multiracial Migrations and the Law in the U.S.–Mexico Borderlands by Julian Lim Sandra I. Enríquez Porous Borders: Multiracial Migrations and the Law in the U.S.–Mexico Borderlands. By Julian Lim. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017. Pp. 320. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index.) The U.S.–Mexico border is often portrayed as a space of Anglo and Mexican interactions, yet the history of the region is much more complex. These intricacies are captured in Porous Borders, in which historian Julian Lim focuses on immigration and legal history to uncover a rich narrative about the multiracial reality of the borderlands. Through this multicultural lens, the author reveals the intersections and interactions between Native Americans, African Americans, Chinese, and Mexicans in shaping border policy, citizenship, and ideas of race and belonging in the city of El Paso, Texas. While Lim is not the first to explore the histories of these groups along the border, she is the first to explore these groups in tandem. In doing so, the author sheds light on the multiracial history of El Paso and the borderlands, how these groups forged identity vis-à-vis one another, and finally, how these groups’ interactions played a role in shaping citizenship and border policies in the first decades of the twentieth century. Lim’s study begins in the 1880s with the arrival of the railroad in El Paso. In the first chapter, she illuminates the transformation of El Paso and the pull factors that lured newcomers. While the railroad and industries that were established in the region opened the door for new populations, [End Page 474] they severely restricted movement for Native Americans as a new geopolitical reality closed the border for them. Chapter 2 delves into how El Paso became a “gateway to freedom” (59) due to its geographic location. For Chinese immigrants, African Americans, and ethnic Mexicans settling in El Paso, the city meant opportunity—new beginnings as well as social, economic, and political freedoms that were not attainable in the U.S. South, West, or in Mexico. As new migrants arrived in the area, their interactions through urban space, work, and marriage blurred the lines of race and identity, making the border porous. This visible multicultural moment in El Paso was short-lived as many factors contributed to the erasure of the border’s multiracial realities. The Mexican Revolution and the country’s subsequent idealization of mestizaje (the blending of Spanish, African, and indigenous heritage) as well as the United States’ emerging anti-immigrant and racial purity ideologies contributed to the hardening of the border. Chapter 3 discusses the policing of the Chinese community as the Chinese Exclusion Act was enforced. Chapter 4 examines the role of the Mexican Revolution (the Punitive Expedition in particular), and its role in reshaping ideas about race, citizenship and belonging for Chinese, African Americans, Apache Indians, and ethnic Mexicans, as the conflict brought an opportunity for these groups to redefine their relationship to the United States. The final chapter explores how changing ideas about immigration law, race, and national identity in both Mexico and the U.S. took exclusionary forms on the border beginning in the 1920s. As these restrictions regulated the mobility of these groups and figuratively erased the multicultural population of the borderlands, the “porous” nature of the region came to an end. Porous Borders makes a number of important contributions. Lim’s exploration of El Paso at the turn of the twentieth century through a multicultural lens enriches our understandings of the U.S.–Mexico borderlands and breaks our binary notions of the region. Secondly, her extraordinary efforts to recover these stories from a variety of archives in the United States and Mexico should serve as an example to scholars. Not only did Lim do incredible detective work in excavating these stories from documents, but she also examined the erasure of the multiracial past from the silences of the archives. Despite limited sources, her ability to capture numerous specific examples of multiracial interactions and moments in which various groups challenged the status quo is astounding. Lastly, Lim’s transnational approach sheds light on the connections between U.S. and Mexican...

Undocumented and in College: Students and Institutions in a Climate of National Hostility ed. by Terry-Ann Jones and Laura Nichols

Reviewed by: Undocumented and in College: Students and Institutions in a Climate of National Hostility ed. by Terry-Ann Jones and Laura Nichols Christopher H. Kirk and Royel M. Johnson Undocumented and in College: Students and Institutions in a Climate of National Hostility Terry-Ann Jones and Laura Nichols (Editors) New York, NY: Fordham University Press, 2017, 192 pages, $28.00 (softcover) The issue of immigration in the United States has been brought to the forefront of national discourse yet again. At the time of this writing, reports of large groups of migrants caravanning to the US–Mexico border to seek asylum in the US have dominated the news headlines. While much of the present rhetoric has centered on restricting immigration, the continued unresolved issues with the US immigration system leaves many undocumented immigrants in a precarious position, including their children. These children (through no choice of their own) were brought to the US, grew up here, attended K–12 education, and upon legally arriving at adulthood find themselves without the privileges many of their peers take for granted, such as legally working, obtaining a driver's license, voting, and applying for federal financial aid (Gonzales, 2016). Despite these challenges, undocumented students are still finding their way to US higher education institutions. Undocumented and in College: Students and Institutions in a Climate of National Hostility, edited by Terry-Ann Jones and Laura Nichols, expands upon a 2013 research initiative funded by the Ford Foundation and conducted by a team of researchers at Fairfield University, Santa Clara University, and Loyola University in Chicago. The initiative examined the experiences of undocumented college students as well as related institutional practices at all 28 of the US Jesuit universities. The research culminated in a white paper titled Immigrant Students National Position Paper, which included interviews with 25 undocumented students at 1 Jesuit university, interviews with 47 staff and faculty at 6 different universities spread throughout the US, and a survey administered to 200 staff members at all 28 institutions. While this volume is focused specifically on undocumented college students at Jesuit universities, faculty, staff, and administrators from a broad range of institutions would also benefit from this important work. The authors present a comprehensive review of challenges undocumented college students experience and offer strategies for how institutional agents can marshal resources on campus to meet these students' needs, especially in the current political and societal climate surrounding immigration in the US. The editors and contributing authors [End Page 377] of this book include college and university faculty, administrators in higher education, an immigration lawyer, and a graduate student. The study of undocumented students in higher education represents an emerging line of research (e.g., Abrego, 2006; Diaz-Strong, Gómez, Luna-Duarte, & Meiners, 2011; Garcia & Tierney, 2011; Muñoz, 2016; Pérez, 2012) and there is still much to learn. The deficit is partly due to the difficulty researchers experience in identifying undocumented college students. The authors of this volume note that common participant recruitment strategies employed in research are often insufficient for identifying students who lack formal documentation (Abrego, 2006). Nevertheless, Undocumented and in College makes an important contribution to literature by offering a useful set of recommendations for researchers, policy makers, and practitioners. In chapter 1, Jones offers a valuable introduction to various migration theories, which helps to frame conceptually the study of undocumented college students. While most theories focus on immigrants themselves and not their children, Jones argues that it is helpful to understand why parents chose to migrate with children despite the consequences of lacking legal status. In chapter 2, Kurt Schlichting broadly analyzes the history of immigration to the US while also highlighting the role Jesuit colleges and universities have played in educating immigrants. The author does this by examining how shifts in immigrant demographics (including by number and by country of origin) have repeatedly created tensions concerning immigration within the US. One example the author cites is the arrival of large numbers of Catholic immigrants in the early-to-mid–1800s. Their arrival led the established Protestant immigrants, who held onto trauma and memories from the Protestant Reformation, to oppose Catholic immigrants and Catholicism more broadly in the...

Rethinking Agency, Rethinking Assumptions of the New Social History of Immigration of the Late Twentieth Century

Studia Migracyjne – PrzeglÄ d Polonijny » 2019 (XLV) » Nr 3 (173) » Rethinking Agency, Rethinking Assumptions of the New Social History of Immigration of the Late Twentieth Century A A A

Representing Childhood and Forced Migration: Narratives of Borders and Belonging in European Screen Content for Children

This article explores representations of childhood and forced migration within a selection of European screen content for and about children. Based on the findings of a research project that examined the intersections of children’s media, diversity, and forced migration in Europe (www.euroarabchildrensmedia.org), funded by the UK’s Arts and Humanities Research Council, the article highlights different ways in which ideas of borders and belonging are constructed and deconstructed in a selection of films and television programmes that feature children with an immigration background. Drawing on ideas around the “politics of pity” (Arendt), the analysis explores conditions under which narratives of otherness arise when it comes to representing forcibly displaced children within European-produced children’s screen media. It also examines screen media that destabilize borders of “us” and “the other” by emphasizing the agency of children from migration backgrounds, and revealing both the similarities and the differences between European children with immigration backgrounds and White European-born children. It is argued here that, operating according to the notions of living “together-in-difference” (Ang), “narratability” (Chouliaraki and Stolic), and “the struggle for belonging” (Kebede), these representations destabilize narratives of borders and otherness, suggesting that children with a family history of immigration “belong” to European societies in the same ways as White European-born children.

Historic Journeys, Current Contexts: A Reflection on My Scandinavian Immigration History Course at Luther College

Historic Journeys, Current Contexts: A Reflection on My Scandinavian Immigration History Course at Luther College

Integration of International Labor Migrants: Comparison between South Africa and Latvia

The paper evaluates existing policies on labor immigration and social integration, and offers a critical analysis of existing Latvian and South African policies of integration. In order to achieve the above objectives, this study focuses on secondary sources which provide subjective analysis and interpretation of the problem under study. The authors approach questions of immigration history and recent labor immigration statistics in South Africa and Latvia and investigate existing policies of integration in those countries. The most important finding is that in both countries there are different attitudes towards labor migrants who are highly skilled, those groups being welcome and facing minimal legal obstacles, while legal immigration of unskilled workers has been made impossible both in South Africa and in Latvia. Thus, these two very different countries exemplify how we are creating a world in which those with sufficient skills or money are free to live and work in the country of their choice while unskilled workers are confined to the country of their birth.

Many Tongues, One Faith: A History of Franciscan Parish Life in the United States by David J. Endres

Reviewed by: Many Tongues, One Faith: A History of Franciscan Parish Life in the United States by David J. Endres Kyle Haden OFM Many Tongues, One Faith: A History of Franciscan Parish Life in the United States. By David J. Endres. Oceanside, CA: Academy of American Franciscan History, 2018. 210 pp. $25.00. A common trope in immigration histories of the United States is the profound effect U.S. culture has had on the many different ethnic and religious groups settling in America. While many coming to the United States had intentions of maintaining cultural and religious traditions as practiced in the Old World, the desire to fit into the American cultural majority was, in many cases, too strong a temptation. For many Catholics, a means for holding onto Old World devotions and practices [End Page 86] was through the local parish. The parish became an oasis among a majority Protestant culture, a means of maintaining Catholic practice and identity. The centrality of the parish in American Catholic life would profoundly reshape Franciscan life and ministry. In his study of Franciscan ministry in the United States, David J. Endres offers an intriguing and well narrated story of 16 representative parishes in which Franciscan priests, brothers, and sisters ministered to the needs of a variety of ethnic communities, from the early nineteenth century to the present. Endres primarily focuses on the three first-order male Franciscan communities: the Order of Friars Minor, Capuchins, and Conventuals. He also notes the important contributions offered by various Franciscan sisters working alongside their Franciscan brothers. In conjunction with Franciscan parish ministry, Endres narrates the creation of several Franciscan provinces formed due to ministerial needs in an expanding national and ethnic demography. From the acquisition of established parishes to the founding and building of new structures, parish ministry became a central ministerial reality for the majority of American friars. As a major theme running through his study, Endres demonstrates how traditional Franciscan life as practiced in the Old World was transformed by the centrality of the parish in American Catholic life. In the Old World, friars did not have a tradition of parish ministry. Franciscan life was much more centered on the monastery, with a defined regiment of daily prayer. Such a commitment to the horarium was not practical for life in America, especially when dealing with the demands of parish ministry. While early Franciscan immigrants resisted change to their traditional religious lifestyle, many bishops put pressure on Franciscan superiors to encourage friars to accept parish assignments. In doing so, Franciscan life was noticeably changed. While narrating Franciscan ministry in the United States, Endres also examines the changing reality of American life and how Franciscan parish ministry kept apace of these social and cultural changes. In many cases friars had to deal with the negative social realities of [End Page 87] American life, especially in terms of racial and ethnic bigotry, as well as economic disparities. Advocacy for the rights of minorities is highlighted in the lives of such friars as Bonaventure Oblasser, OFM, who advocated for the rights of Native Americans in Arizona; Stephen Eckert, OFM Cap, who championed the rights of African Americans in Milwaukee; and Oliver Lynch, OFM, who sought economic and social equity for farm workers and Latinos in California. The establishment of parish schools, especially for the needs of minorities, highlights the dedication of Franciscan sisters who labored alongside their male counterparts, in some cases under difficult and challenging circumstances. Many Tongues, One Faith is the first in the projected series United States Franciscan History Project by the Academy of American Franciscan History. It is an excellent study to begin such a series of historical research. Endres offers a well-written, well-researched history of Franciscan life and ministry in the United States. It is highly recommended to historians, and others, interested in American Catholic history. [End Page 88] Kyle Haden OFM St. Bonaventure University Copyright © 2019 American Catholic Historical Society

<인정루>의 ‘고담(古談)’에 나타난 한국 전통설화 변용양상에 관한 연구

It can be seen that Injeongru follows the form of oral literary style, which tells old story by using various traditional stories of Korea, such as classical novels, myths, legends and folk tales. This study explores how Koryoin writer Moon, Geum－dong is creatively inheriting and developing traditional Korean folktale, along with the subject consciousness centering on ‘Old tale’ in his works. In Old tale, he portrays the desire to realize the social ideal of equality and the individual ideal of happiness in the family at the same time and criticizing the feudal order system by dramatizing Korean classical fables that overcome crisis by using tact. It also reveals the anti－imperialist view by transforming Kim, Seon－dal’s tale of ‘laughing’ and ‘antics’ into a story of Kim, Sat－gat selling the flock of Dumangang Ducks and the Daedonggang water to the Japanese rich.BR Old tale is not only for the audience’s satisfaction, but also a pathway for the realization of his ideals. It is also related to the life of a writer. Even in difficult situations, Moon, Geum－dong performed Korean speaking and writing simultaneously through Old tale writing. Human feeling, the realization of humanity, the realistic responses of the characters reveal, and the endings of encouraging good and punishing evil drawn by laughter is the writer’s own wish and self－healing method through self－talk. In the future, we should extend these discussions and examine how the history of Korean tradition and immigration are revealed by examining the relation between Russian literature and Western classical literature. This will contribute to reveal the intellectual history of the Koryoin literature along with the aesthetic characteristics of Moon, Geum－dong literature.

From Rice to Apple-Pear Style: An Ecocritical Approach to China's Korean Ethnic Minority Literature

Abstract In Northeast China, China's Korean ethnic group has made the ecological combination of sustainable development with nature by planting rice and apple-pear. This process has been described richly in the literature of Korean ethnic group and the stories about Korean ethnic group. Though the stories used to be considered as manifestation of Korean ethnic immigrant history and the history of their fighting against Japanese in the Anti-Japanese War, they can be designed as the discourse of the process of ecological positive and negative feedback, self-organization, stability domains, and the adaptation in human social systems and ecosystems from ecocritical perspective.

Ein- oder Mehrsprachigkeit? Analyse der Sprachverwendung und Sprachreflexion im Film Almanya – Willkommen in Deutschland

The award-winning film Almanya – Willkommen in Deutschland (2011) tells the migration story of a Turkish family and their journey to Turkey in a humorous way. In the narrative of the history of immigration, German is substituted by gibberish, and the Turkish language is substituted by German. In contrast, a realistic language usage dominates when events in the film presence are depicted. The aim of this article is to explain how this migration film reflects on language, which is a most important tool for integration, and to explore the purpose of this language reflection. Linguistic analysis shows that realistic and unrealistic language usages engage the audience to question concepts of language and multilingualism. Although the image of a Turkish family integrated in Germany is portrayed on the surface of the film, the deep structure reveals an implicit critique of the monolinguality of the third generation, which was born and grew up in Germany.

The effect of ethnicity and immigration on treatment resistance in schizophrenia

BackgroundTreatment resistance is a common issue among schizophrenia patients undergoing antipsychotic treatment. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) guidelines, treatment-resistant status is defined as little or no symptom reduction to at least two antipsychotics at a therapeutic dose for a trial of at least six weeks. The aim of the current study is to determine whether ethnicity and migration are associated with treatment resistance. MethodsIn a sample of 251 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, we conducted cross-sectional assessments to collect information regarding self-identified ethnicity, immigration and treatment history. Ancestry was identified using 292 markers overlapping with the HapMap project. Using a regression analysis, we tested whether a history of migration, ethnicity or genetic ancestry were predictive of treatment resistance. ResultsOur logistic regression model revealed no significant association between immigration (OR = 0.04; 95%CI = 0.35–3.07; p = 0.93) and treatment resistant schizophrenia. White Europeans did not show significant association with resistance status regardless of whether ethnicity was determined by self-report (OR = 1.89; 95%CI = 0.89–4.20; p = 0.105) or genetic analysis (OR = −0.73; 95%CI = −0.18–2.97; p = 0.667). ConclusionNeither ethnicity nor migrant status was significantly associated with treatment resistance in this Canadian study. However, these conclusions are limited by the small sample size of our investigation.

Somali American Boys with Autism: Examining Three Educational Transitions Through Capital Theory

AbstractThis study examines collaboration between American special educators and Somali American families of boys with autism through the lens of capital theory. Subthemes are organized according to phases in the educational planning process, from ongoing and pre-meeting interactions through finalization of the Individualized Education Program (IEP). Results reveal that within a homogenous group (i.e., families of Somali American boys with autism) differences in, for example, immigration history or parents' educational backgrounds can facilitate or impede access to capital (economic, social, cultural). Across the phases, families who leverage capital effectively participate more actively in educational planning. Additionally, findings suggest that children whose families have more access to social and cultural capital tend to enroll in better-resourced schools even if they themselves live in under-resourced school districts. This fact affects their educational trajectories and their families' experiences of collaboration. Implications for practice are discussed.

Student Migrants and the Diasporic Imagination: Educational Migration, Nationhood, and the Making of Indian Diaspora in the United States

The transient nature of educational migration locates Indian student migrants ambivalently in the United States, rendering them illegible as diasporic subjects. However, by historically situating the movements of these students across borders, this essay illuminates how the liminality of student migrants’ positioning made their presence formative to Indian diasporic life. Offering a postcolonial American studies perspective, this essay examines educational migration in two key moments of US immigration history: the exclusionary era of the early twentieth century and the period following the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act. Attention to these moments reveals how the circulation of student migrants between India and the United States is part of a longer history of colonial, postcolonial, and imperialist investments in education. Indian student migrants were embedded in struggles for global power, with contentions over nationhood and modernity serving as a crucial feature of their entanglements in these struggles. Embodying the possibilities for a future India, these youth carried a particular responsibility to the pursuit of Indian modernity and, as such, shaped the diasporic gaze back to an Indian homeland. Yet, forged through the confluence of race, class, surveillance, and nationalism, Indian student migrants’ negotiations of this sense of responsibility informed their political alignments in unexpected ways at key moments. Centring student migrants as important agents of diaspora-making, this essay examines these negotiations and their place in the production of Indian diasporic imaginaries in the United States.

Peril and possibility: A contemplation of the current state of migration history and settler colonial studies in Canada

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the trajectory of research on immigration history, now migration history, in Canada over the past 50 years and highlights recent points of intersection with the newly established field of settler colonial studies. The article concludes by positing questions about the possibility of building on these points of intersection and dissension in future research in these fields.

How do Turkey-origin immigrant workers in Germany represent themselves through trade unions and works councils?

This article analyses the representation of Turkey-origin immigrant workers in trade unions and works councils in the Ruhr region (Germany). Based on a field study in the Ruhr including surveys, in-depth interviews and focus groups between November 2015 and January 2016, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of immigrant–native/citizen relations. The article demonstrates the importance of trade unions and works councils in the integration of immigrants and stresses the adverse outcomes of trade unions’ persistence to maintain their ‘German, white and male’ character. It also discusses how the internal polarisation among immigrants from Turkey affects workplace level relations. Based on the experiences of Turkey-origin immigrant workers, whose history of immigration to Western Europe spans nearly 60 years, the research focuses on the role of social organisations for the representation and participation of immigrants within the democratic system alongside natives/citizens.

Access to Quality MH Care Does Not Equate to Use by Black Immigrants

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ViewpointsFull AccessAccess to Quality MH Care Does Not Equate to Use by Black ImmigrantsJennifer Severe,M.D.Jennifer Severe,Search for more papers by this authorM.D.Published Online:16 Oct 2018https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2018.10b18AbstractImmigration history and status remain fundamental elements of black immigrants’ sense of belonging and perceived experiences with discrimination, marginalization, threats to family, education, employment, and health care services.Jennifer Severe, M.D., is a clinical assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Michigan and a consultant to APA’s Council on International Psychiatry.Immigration history and status remain fundamental elements of black immigrants’ sense of belonging and perceived experiences with discrimination, marginalization, threats to family, education, employment, and health care services. Access to high-quality and affordable care does not equate with use of that care despite the need for it. Many individuals are afraid to seek out care or fully engage with treatment due to their concern that it might impact their immigration status. This fear pervades throughout the African diaspora, touching individuals who are permanent residents, temporary residents (students, professionals), and humanitarian migrants (refugees), to name a few.I remember Nugo, from Nigeria, who required psychiatric hospitalization for an acute decompensation. While he was grateful that his condition improved, he was frightened that “this type of incident” would interfere with the renewal of his student visa, and as a result, he firmly declined any future care. With the stress of trying to create a new life and assimilate into a new culture, Nugo had an entrenched fear that if he did not play by the rules and “be mentally well,” his visa might be in jeopardy.To what extent does immigration history and status deter black immigrants from appropriately using health care services? This is the issue I brought to the 48th Annual Legislative Conference last month in Washington, D.C., Organized by the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation (Psychiatric News. It was sponsored by Rep. Daniel K. Davis (D-Ill.), who has a long interest in the health and well-being of black immigrant families. I joined a panel of black leaders and advocates.Having a front-row seat in the black immigrant community to learn their strengths, cultural traditions, and cumulative local experiences, I found this opportunity was timely to increase awareness, educate the public, and inform policy on the deterrent effect of immigration issues on mental health service use. It also created momentum to recognize and amplify existing endeavors and accomplishments in the field of psychiatry aimed at addressing immigrant issues through expanding cultural competency training, which improves the effectiveness of psychiatric treatment for immigrant and ethnic minority patients—building a culture of diversity, equity, and inclusion, which has multiplicative effects on the workforce, the people we train, and the communities we serve; and advocating for better health insurance coverage, which promotes equitable access to care.While psychiatry has become increasingly sophisticated in its approach to culturally sensitive care and stigma reduction, we still have a long way to go to create systems that are welcoming to fully engage those who are in need of our services but are afraid to seek help.At the clinician level, we need to explore not only immigrant patients’ symptoms, but also their narratives around immigration issues. Building and maintaining trust while assuring them of confidentiality remain central to this rewarding effort. ■ ISSUES NewArchived

The Role of Mainstream Schools in Turkish Speaking Children’s Achievement in the UK

This study takes into account the language-related immigration issues of Turkish Speaking folks. Therefore, it studies TSSs as bilingual learners and English as additional language learners in terms of arrivals to the mainstream school, in the UK context. Ethnic and identity issues are also intrigued in the construction of TS Communities in the UK. In addition, in this work I examine the history of Turkish Speaking Communities’ immigration to the UK and provide data conducting first and secondary sources.In this study, I provide a literature review on identity issues, settlement patterns of Turkish-Speaking People and their immigration history. I also present existing literature on bilingual education, supplementary schools and after-school clubs.

An Anatomy of Facelessness: On Halfdan Pisket’s Dansker Trilogy

Abstract A significant contribution to the social history of immigration in the Nordic countries, Halfdan Pisket’s Dansker trilogy (2014–2016) is also a resonant visual-verbal reflection on the relationship between the face and the mask and its impact on the formation of individual and cultural identity. Pisket’s depiction of the hardship and alienation of the struggling immigrant is marked by a striking symbolism, and the article addresses how the three books collectively can be said to outline “an anatomy of facelessness”. The analysis revolves around three central aspects of Pisket’s depiction of the trilogy’s central protagonist: the imaginative re-appropriation of the myth of the Minotaur, the ambiguous deployment of the hooded figure, and the use of the facial portrait as an ambivalent emblem of the reservoir of individual human experience.

Immigrant Narratives: The Ottoman Sultans’ Portraits in Elisabeth Leitner’s Family Photo Album, circa 1862–72

Abstract This article is a study of the family photo album of Elisabeth Leitner (ca. 1842?–1908), a Hungarian immigrant in the Ottoman empire. The album contains a complete set of cartes de visite portraits of the Ottoman sultans by the Abdullah Frères. As the only surviving example of such a collection with a known provenance, it provides a rare opportunity for understanding how such images were used in the context of identity formation and social mobility undertaken by a member of the immigrant population. The album, which has never been studied before, is also a fascinating source for investigating the history of Hungarian immigrants in the Ottoman empire who were displaced after the 1848 Revolution. The article approaches the intriguingly autobiographical album by means of a close reading of Elisabeth Leitner’s diaries and unfinished autobiography. My interpretation serves to dismantle notions of a carefree global cosmopolitanism and exposes a historiographical bias that privileges men and their collections of images and ethnographic artifacts over those of women. Elisabeth Leitner’s writings and photographic collection also represent a vast and entirely untapped resource for investigating cultural contacts between Europe and the Ottoman empire in the second half of the nineteenth century.

TB AND SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT: THINK OUTSIDE OF THE LUNGS

SESSION TITLE: Chest Infections 1 SESSION TYPE: Fellow Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/09/2018 01:15 PM - 02:15 PM INTRODUCTON: The incidence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) is significantly higher among solid organ transplant recipients. Diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion, as transplant patients may present atypically or with extrapulmonary disease. Management can be difficult due to interactions between TB medications and immunosuppressive drugs. CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-year old Chinese man with a history of treated latent TB and cadaveric kidney transplant was admitted to the hospital with weakness, fever, blurred vision, and worsening left knee pain and swelling. Over the prior two months, he had presented to multiple urgent care centers with the same joint symptoms, for which he was treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Knee X-ray had shown mild swelling. Patient’s immunosuppressive regimen included prednisone, mycophenylate mofetil, and tacrolimus. On admission, there was a mild leukocytosis, mildly elevated alkaline phosphatase level, and hypercalcemia. Computerized tomography of the chest (figure 1), abdomen and pelvis revealed diffuse pulmonary micro-nodules, gastric thickening, and a left knee effusion with possible osteomyelitis (figure 2). Magnetic resolution imaging of the brain showed evidence of optic neuritis (figure 3). Synovial fluid contained 12,300 white blood cells, with 87% neutrophils. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was unremarkable. Smears and cultures for acid fast bacilli (AFB) were positive in samples from synovial fluid, sputum, stool, urine and blood. Treatment with rifabutin, isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and levofloxacin was initiated. Mycophenylate mofetil was discontinued, and treatment with tacrolimus was continued with close monitoring of drug levels. Drug levels for isoniazid and rifabutin were sub-therapeutic, and rifabutin and levofloxacin were then administered intravenously and amikacin added. Fevers resolved, visual acuity returned to normal, knee swelling improved, and tacrolimus levels remained in the therapeutic range. DISCUSSION: TB may present as monoarticular swelling of insidious onset, resulting in prolonged treatment delays. Solid organ transplant recipients with a history of latent TB infection or immigration from TB endemic areas are at increased risk, especially in the first year after transplant. Diagnosis requires prompt arthocentesis, which reveals a neutrophil-predominant effusion and AFB. Monitoring and adjustment of TB and immunosuppressive drug levels are critical. CONCLUSIONS: We present a case of disseminated tuberculosis presenting as monoarticular arthritis in a solid organ transplant patient. A high index of suspicion is essential to avoid treatment delays. Reference #1: Aguado JM, Torre-Cisneros J, Fortun J, Benito N, Meije Y, Doblas A, and Munoz P. Tuberculosis in solid-organ transplant recipients: consensus statement of the group for the study of infection in transplant recipients (GESITRA) of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(9):1276-84. Reference #2: Sundaram M, Adhikary SD, John GT, Kekre NS. Tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients. Indian J Urol. 2008;24(3):396-400. DISCLOSURES: Scientific Medical Advisor relationship with Cohero Health Please note: $1-$1000 Added 03/05/2018 by Caralee Caplan-Shaw, source=Web Response, value=Ownership interestRemoved 03/05/2018 by Caralee Caplan-Shaw, source=Web Response Scientific Medical Advisor relationship with Cohero Health Please note: $1-$1000 Added 03/05/2018 by Caralee Caplan-Shaw, source=Web Response, value=shares No relevant relationships by Assad Oskuei, source=Web Response