History Of Homosexuality Research Articles

Do Views Toward Homosexuality Differ Based on Ethnicity? An Empirical Study of United States Opinion

Homosexuality is generally viewed negatively. That is certainly the case in the Jewish and Christian holy books as well as the Quran, although opinions differ as to interpretation. The practice has been condemned by these religions. An Imam in Orlando, Florida, the site of the mass murder of homosexuals, has gone so far as to say that killing homosexuals would be the compassionate thing to do.It is not the purpose of this paper to review the history of homosexuality, or the pros and cons or moral standing of the practice. Readers can obtain that information by reading the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of this study is more limited, to determine whether views toward homosexuality differ by age in the United States.The present study is part of a series on homosexuality. Other studies in the series look at trends on the acceptance of homosexuality and examine specific demographic variables such as gender, level of education, income, social class, religion and region to see whether these variables are significant. One study ranks the acceptance of homosexuality for 98 countries. Citations to some of those studies (with links) are listed in the reference section of the present paper.

Do Views Toward Homosexuality Differ Based on Income Level? An Empirical Study of United States Opinion

Homosexuality is generally viewed negatively. That is certainly the case in the Jewish and Christian holy books as well as the Quran, although opinions differ as to interpretation. The practice has been condemned by these religions. An Imam in Orlando, Florida, the site of the mass murder of homosexuals, has gone so far as to say that killing homosexuals would be the compassionate thing to do.It is not the purpose of this paper to review the history of homosexuality, or the pros and cons or moral standing of the practice. Readers can obtain that information by reading the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of this study is more limited, to determine whether views toward homosexuality differ based on income level in the United States.The present study is part of a series on homosexuality. Other studies in the series look at trends on the acceptance of homosexuality and examine specific demographic variables such as gender, age, ethnicity, education, social class, religion and region to see whether these variables are significant. One study ranks the acceptance of homosexuality for 98 countries. Citations to some of those studies (with links) are listed in the reference section of the present paper.

Do Male and Female Views Toward Homosexuality Differ? An Empirical Study of United States Opinion

Homosexuality is generally viewed negatively. That is certainly the case in the Jewish and Christian holy books as well as the Quran, although opinions differ as to interpretation. The practice has been condemned by these religions. An Imam in Orlando, Florida, the site of the mass murder of homosexuals, has gone so far as to say that killing homosexuals would be the compassionate thing to do.It is not the purpose of this paper to review the history of homosexuality, or the pros and cons or moral standing of the practice. Readers can obtain that information by reading the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of this study is more limited, to determine whether men and women in the United States hold different views on homosexuality.The present study is part of a series on homosexuality. Other studies in the series look at trends on the acceptance of homosexuality and examine specific demographic variables such as gender, age, social class, level of education, religion and region to see whether these variables are significant. One study ranks the acceptance of homosexuality for 98 countries. Citations to some of those studies (with links) are listed in the reference section of the present paper.

Do Views Toward Homosexuality Differ by Social Class? An Empirical Study of United States Opinion

Homosexuality is generally viewed negatively. That is certainly the case in the Jewish and Christian holy books as well as the Quran, although opinions differ as to interpretation. The practice has been condemned by these religions. An Imam in Orlando, Florida, the site of the mass murder of homosexuals, has gone so far as to say that killing homosexuals would be the compassionate thing to do.It is not the purpose of this paper to review the history of homosexuality, or the pros and cons or moral standing of the practice. Readers can obtain that information by reading the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of this study is more limited, to determine whether views toward homosexuality differ by social class in the United States.The present study is part of a series on homosexuality. Other studies in the series look at trends on the acceptance of homosexuality and examine specific demographic variables such as gender, age, level of education, income, religion and region to see whether these variables are significant. One study ranks the acceptance of homosexuality for 98 countries. Citations to some of those studies (with links) are listed in the reference section of the present paper.

In Which Countries is Homosexuality Most (and Least) Acceptable? A Ranking of 98 Countries

Homosexuality is generally viewed negatively. That is certainly the case in the Jewish and Christian holy books as well as the Quran, although opinions differ as to interpretation. The practice has been condemned by these religions. An Imam in Orlando, Florida, the site of the mass murder of homosexuals, has gone so far as to say that killing homosexuals would be the compassionate thing to do.It is not the purpose of this paper to review the history of homosexuality, or the pros and cons or moral standing of the practice. Readers can obtain that information by reading the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of this study is more limited, to report the results of various studies conducted by the World Values Surveys on the topic of homosexuality and to rank the acceptability of homosexuality for those countries where the studies were conducted. Those six studies, going back to 1981, asked hundreds of thousands of people in about 100 countries what their views were on homosexuality, specifically the extent to which it could be justified. This study ranks those countries based on acceptability, as measured by their mean scores.The present study is part of a series on homosexuality. Other studies in the series look at trends on the acceptance of homosexuality and examine specific demographic variables such as gender, age, social class, level of education, religion and region to see whether these variables are significant. Citations to some of those studies (with links) are listed in the reference section of the present paper.

The Relationship between Religion and Views Toward Homosexuality: An Empirical Study of 98 Countries

Homosexuality is generally viewed negatively. That is certainly the case in the Jewish and Christian holy books as well as the Quran, although opinions differ as to interpretation. The practice has been condemned by these religions. An Imam in Orlando, Florida, the site of the mass murder of homosexuals in June, 2016, has gone so far as to say that killing homosexuals would be the compassionate thing to do.It is not the purpose of this paper to review the history of homosexuality, or the pros and cons or moral standing of the practice. Readers can obtain that information by reading the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of this study is more limited, to report the results of various studies conducted by the World Values Surveys on the topic of homosexuality. Those six studies, going back to 1981, asked hundreds of thousands of people in about 100 countries what their views were on homosexuality, specifically the extent to which it could be justified. This study compares views on homosexuality based on the religion of the participants in the various surveys. The a priori view of many people is that some religions are more accepting of homosexuality than other religions. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether those a priori views can be supported by the evidence.The present study is part of a series on homosexuality. Other studies in the series rank countries based on their acceptance of homosexuality and examine specific demographic variables such as gender, age, social class, level of education, and region to see whether these variables are significant. Another study is longitudinal, measuring the change in views toward homosexuality that has taken place over the past few decades. Citations to some of those studies (with links) are listed in the reference section of the present paper.

Do Republicans Have Different Views on Homosexuality than Democrats? An Empirical Study of Opinion in the United States

Homosexuality is generally viewed negatively. That is certainly the case in the Jewish and Christian holy books as well as the Quran, although opinions differ as to interpretation. The practice has been condemned by these religions. An Imam in Orlando, Florida, the site of the mass murder of homosexuals, has gone so far as to say that killing homosexuals would be the compassionate thing to do.It is not the purpose of this paper to review the history of homosexuality, or the pros and cons or moral standing of the practice. Readers can obtain that information by reading the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of this study is more limited, to determine whether Democrats and Republicans hold different views on homosexuality.The present study is part of a series on homosexuality. Other studies in the series look at trends on the acceptance of homosexuality and examine specific demographic variables such as gender, age, social class, level of education, religion and region to see whether these variables are significant. One study ranks the acceptance of homosexuality for 98 countries. Citations to some of those studies (with links) are listed in the reference section of the present paper.

Has Homosexuality Become More Accepted Over Time? A Longitudinal Study of 98 Countries

Homosexuality is generally viewed negatively. That is certainly the case in the Jewish and Christian holy books as well as the Quran, although opinions differ as to interpretation. The practice has been condemned by these religions. An Imam in Orlando, Florida, the site of the mass murder of homosexuals, has gone so far as to say that killing homosexuals would be the compassionate thing to do.It is not the purpose of this paper to review the history of homosexuality, or the pros and cons or moral standing of the practice. Readers can obtain that information by reading the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of this study is more limited, to report the results of various studies conducted by the World Values Surveys on the topic of homosexuality. Those six studies, going back to 1981, asked hundreds of thousands of people in about 100 countries what their views were on homosexuality, specifically the extent to which it could be justified. This study measures the changes in attitudes toward homosexuality that have taken place over the years in each country. Some countries have a more favorable view of homosexuality today than in the past, but other countries have not changed their views significantly.The present study is part of a series on homosexuality. Other studies in the series rank countries based on their acceptance of homosexuality and examine specific demographic variables such as gender, age, social class, level of education, religion and region to see whether these variables are significant. Citations to some of those studies (with links) are listed in the reference section of the present paper.

Does Religion Influence Views Toward Homosexuality: An Empirical Study of 16 Countries

Homosexuality is generally viewed negatively. That is certainly the case in the Jewish and Christian holy books as well as the Quran, although opinions differ as to interpretation. The practice has been condemned by these religions. An Imam in Orlando, Florida, the site of the mass murder of homosexuals in June, 2016, has gone so far as to say that killing homosexuals would be the compassionate thing to do.It is not the purpose of this paper to review the history of homosexuality, or the pros and cons or moral standing of the practice. Readers can obtain that information by reading the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of this study is more limited, to report the results of a study that compares views on the acceptability of homosexuality in a few select countries that are religiously diverse. Data for this study were gathered as part of the most recent World Values Survey.The present study is part of a series on homosexuality. Other studies in the series rank countries based on their acceptance of homosexuality and examine specific demographic variables such as gender, age, social class, level of education, and region to see whether these variables are significant. Another study is longitudinal, measuring the change in views toward homosexuality that has taken place over the past few decades. Citations to some of those studies (with links) are listed in the reference section of the present paper.

Do Views Toward Homosexuality Differ by Region of the Country? An Empirical Study of United States Opinion

Homosexuality is generally viewed negatively. That is certainly the case in the Jewish and Christian holy books as well as the Quran, although opinions differ as to interpretation. The practice has been condemned by these religions. An Imam in Orlando, Florida, the site of the mass murder of homosexuals, has gone so far as to say that killing homosexuals would be the compassionate thing to do.It is not the purpose of this paper to review the history of homosexuality, or the pros and cons or moral standing of the practice. Readers can obtain that information by reading the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of this study is more limited, to determine whether views toward homosexuality differ by region of the country in the United States.The present study is part of a series on homosexuality. Other studies in the series look at trends on the acceptance of homosexuality and examine specific demographic variables such as gender, age, social class, level of education, religion and region to see whether these variables are significant. One study ranks the acceptance of homosexuality for 98 countries. Citations to some of those studies (with links) are listed in the reference section of the present paper.

‘In the old days, there were no gays’ – democracy, social change and media representation of sexual diversity

Abstract The notion of ‘gay’ has been interpreted by popular culture in Portugal to stem from a liberalization of individual practices and beliefs in the realm of sexual culture in general. As such, sexual orientation is commonly conflated with a cultural trend linked to modernity, in opposition to recognizing it as a constitutive element of sexual citizenship and the related set of rights it entails. This often unnoticed conflation obliterates significant socio-historical changes and the role played by an array of institutions and agents that contributed to those changes. In this article, the political and social history of homosexuality throughout the twentieth century will be the departure point to examine issues of impact and change in relation to the cultural representation of lesbians and gay men in the public sphere. Media reports of LGBT events throughout the 1990s and early 2000s will be considered a key indicator of cultural representation of sexual diversity. From criminalization to same-sex marriage, the article critically interrogates the extent to which formal change has translated into more inclusive notions of sexual justice regardless of sexual orientation.

Is He a “Social Danger”? The Franco Regime’s Judicial Prosecution of Homosexuality in Málaga under the Ley de Vagos y Maleantes

I n F e b r u a r y 1961 a m a n n a m e d Robert was indicted by the Juzgado de Instruccion Especial de Vagos y Maleantes (Special Court of Vagrants and Thugs) in Malaga for socially dangerous behavior. He testified that although “he was born homosexual, he had been dealing with his defect with as much dissimulation as possible.” Robert’s lawyer argued that his homosexuality was not a social danger given his overall normative social behavior. This attention to the defendant’s integration in his social environment was a common theme in trials for homosexuality in Malaga. Although most of these trials ended in acquittals, the judge found that Robert was a social danger and should be subject to “security measures” because his sexual relations had included minors. This article will investigate how state and social institutions, legal arguments about social danger and homosexuality, and the perceived relationship between accusations of homosexuality and other antisocial behaviors affected these trials and their judicial decisions. According to Francisco Vazquez Garcia and Richard Cleminson, the history of homosexuality under Franco’s regime remained a relatively unexplored field of research well into the current millennium. More recently, scholarship by Geoffroy Huard, Arturo Arnalte, Oscar Guasch, Alberto Mira

Buggery's travels: Royal Navy sodomy on ship and shore in the long eighteenth century

Historians have long seen the navy as isolated from major developments in the history of homosexuality during the long eighteenth century. Indeed, some have argued that there was little discussion of the topic in naval circles altogether. This article shows that there was in fact deep engagement with, and a great deal of naval discourse about, contemporary thought regarding homoerotic practices and the men who engaged in them. It focuses on three sites in order to explore the dynamics of the circulation of sexual knowledge between naval and non-naval spaces. The naval courtroom reveals that men were conversant with stereotypes about sodomites and ideas that men could have homoerotic ‘inclinations’ or ‘propensities’. The navy's ongoing commitment to prosecuting men for such sexual contact, meanwhile, required its legal actors to develop a robust body of knowledge and discourse about this topic, and connected them to the broader world of legal thought and practice regarding sodomy. Finally, the periodical press not only represented naval sodomy to readers and acted as a virtual witness for the public, but could also enter into more complex relationships with naval justice. Analysis of these sites shows that bringing naval history and the history of homosexuality into closer conversation enriches both fields.

BRASIL E AS VEREDAS DA HOMOFOBIA

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir especificamente sobre a história do Brasil no que tange as questões da homossexualidade e a homofobia. Sendo assim, em relação aos objetivos específicos, destacam-se dois tópicos: primeiramente no relato da própria história da homossexualidade no Brasil e, na sequência, a tentativa de uma crítica ao atual contexto social e as consequências do fenômeno homofóbico. A pergunta que resume a pesquisa pode ser assim formulada: como pensar a homofobia e a misoginia precisamente no que se refere ao contexto histórico brasileiro? No que se refere ao método de pesquisa, o artigo foi elaborado por meio de revisão bibliográfica e busca de literatura, sobretudo no campo histórico e antropológico.

Impossible Love and Victorian Values: J. A. Symonds and the Intellectual History of Homosexuality.

The historian and critic John Addington Symonds (1840-1893) was the first thinker in Britain to develop an academic model of male homosexual identity. Previous work on Symonds has not fully understood his distinctive blend of scholarship and sexual identity; this article situates Symonds' thinking about homosexuality within a wider context of nineteenth-century ideas about the classics, modern history, ethics, religion, and science. It argues that intellectual and ethical concerns were more fundamental to Symonds' sense of self than sexual expression, and that they shaped his understanding of his own and others' sexuality.

From Identities to Types

FROM IDENTITIES TO TYPES Sexual Types: Embodiment, Agency, and Dramatic Character from Shakespeare to Shirley by Mario DiGangi. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. Pp 304,30 illustrations. $65.00 cloth.One question currently dogging Renaissance scholars is how to discuss sexuality without also discussing identity, especially gay and lesbian identity. In their provocative 2005 essay Queering History, which opposes the time-disturbing force of queerness to the presumptively teleological imperatives of historicism, Jonathan Goldberg and Madhavi Menon complain that sexuality studies has become really only a field about lesbian and gay male identity.1 Goldberg and Menon picture a field in which scholars focus almost exclusively on the history of homosexuality and read characters who have gay sex or express homoerotic sentiments as either anticipatory of, or legible only in their difference from, modern gays and lesbians. Certainly, the difference that centuries of sociological, scientific, and juridical change make to sexuality, and consequently to the concept of sexual identity, has been a topic at the forefront of the field at least since Michel Foucault undertook the project of historicizing sexuality itself. Whereas the authors of some recent studies in Renaissance sexuality seek to distance themselves from any sort of teleological history of (homosexual identity, preferring instead to focus on the erotics of temporality, affect, and materialism, others have kept their histories more tightly linked to modern identities without assuming that these modern identities are themselves stable formations against which one can measure the difference of the past.2Mario DiGangi's focus on sexual types, rather than identities, in his historically rich and often analytically surprising new book offers a marvelous example of what scholars can accomplish when they stop worrying over the approximation of early modern to modern sexualities. If an identity is a sense of self, an I that coalesces in relation to others with a similar sense of self, then the type is recognizable dramatic figure, a character: These characters look familiar not because they (necessarily) represented people likely to be encountered in the daily lives of early modern English men and women, but because they were .. . recognizable figures of literary imagination and social fantasy (5). Expressions of erotic agency by sexual types provide DiGangi with focal points for analyzing the formation and transgression of gender, social, political, and economic orders in the early modern period, while this analytical shift away from understanding dramatic characters as embodiments of variably modern sexual identities keeps the book's historical inquiries tethered quite strictly to the early modern social imaginary. Dramatists William Shakespeare and James Shirley delimit the historical trajectory of the book, which shows little to no concern for the afterlives of the types it analyzes: the sodomite, the tribade, the narcissistic courtier, the citizen wife, the bawd, and the royal favorite. Sexual Types is also no polemic: it offers no pugnacious response to, and even little engagement with, all the current queer pontificating about the perils of identity and teleology. It nonetheless offers a model for how Renaissance sexuality studies can avoid both the traps of teleological thinking and the reduction of sexuality studies to simply the study of gays and lesbians.Given the sheer amount and analytical thrust of previous scholarship on the sodomite and the tribade, DiGangi's challenge consists in framing both figures not as protohomosexuals, but rather as dramatic types. Even more challengingly, he must argue for the existence of each as a type although neither appears in character books from the period. Both types accordingly make curious choices for the first two chapters, but these chapters firmly anchor the book in the field of Renaissance sexuality studies and provide DiGangi, as the subtitle of his book suggests, with a point of Shakespearean departure. …

From Exclusion to Acceptance: A Case History of Homosexuality in the U.S. Court of Military Appeals

Policing the legality and normalcy of service members’ sexual lives was a contentious process for military courts throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s that resulted in the inconsistent enforcement of the homosexual exclusion policy. Military personnel of all ranks and occupations harbored a variety of attitudes and beliefs about homosexuality that challenged the legitimacy and uniformity of the military's legal assault on sexual deviance. Over half of the active duty personnel originally accused of homosexual tendencies received either sentence reductions or sentence reversals as a result of this highly contested process by which official military policy was translated into practice via courts-martial. Paradoxically, the very policies that discriminated against alleged homosexual service members generated legal avenues through which gays and lesbians exercised their rights to due process, and, ultimately, their rights as American citizens embodied in the repeal of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy. Rather than being an ideologically homophobic monolith, the Cold War American military rocked with contestation over an exclusion policy that attempted—unsuccessfully—to eliminate all gay and lesbian service members.

The Walk-In Closet: Situational Homosexuality and Homosexual Panic in Hellman's <i>The Children's Hour</i>

A Temporary Aberration?Is it possible that we have ignored of the history of Might we have strategically forgotten one of the most important, long-standing, and hard-fought debates in sexology - namely, whether homosexuality is congenital or acquired? This essay will argue that we have overlooked this history precisely because the basis on which many of the legal rights and protections afforded gay Americans turns on the thorny legal question of equal protection: Is homosexuality an immutable characteristic?1 Because conferral of this designation would make gay people eligible for special protection, queer theory has been hesitant to discuss the fraught etiological history of sexuality, focusing instead on epistemological questions. Eve Sedgwick exemplifies such wariness in relation to etiological approaches: [G]ay-affirmative work does well when it aims to minimize its reliance on any particular account of the origin of sexual preference and identity in individuals.2 In particular, she fears that accounts of gay ontogeny are not easily divorced from gay-genocidal nexuses of thought.3 This essay keeps this powerful caveat at its forefront, even as it argues that attending to and recovering the plural and multi-capillaried set of origins, via a reading practice that I will call etiology, provides a gay-affirmative resource.4 1 want to be especially clear at the outset: I have no interest in arguing that homosexuality is either congenital or acquired, but rather my aim here is to chart a historical, scientific, and political debate (without regard to the truth of either position). Thus, I hope to highlight the high political stakes of the recent methodological debate in queer studies that asks How to do the history of homosexuality? as I offer my own answer to this searching question.5The first section of this essay traces the opposition between congenital and acquired bases for sexuality, focusing on male homosexuality, in the period between Carl Westphal's Contrary Sexual Feeling (1870) and Alfred Kinsey's Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948).6 These texts demarcate the outer poles in the debate among historians of about the date of emergence of the homo/hetero binary.7 In this historical moment, male homosexuality was understood as much as a habit, vice, and addiction as a kind of personhood. Thus, I mean the forgotten half of homosexuality to signal both an etiological division as well as a historical chronological period. I argue that the sexological production of congenitality crucially enables the implantation of in the body and thus plays a key role in the radical condensation of sexual categories into homo- and heterosexuality.8 The demise of acquired modes of that I chart in this essay therefore enables the conflation of the history of and the history of congenital ity (though importantly not the history of sex). While we know that sexuality represents a seizure of the body by a historically unique apparatus for producing historically specific forms of subjectivity, I contend that the temporality of congenital ity - its implicit always - produces the body as an especially productive site for sexual identity.9 This section aims to illustrate one of the central values of a historical etiological approach: namely, that different bases for the origin of provide different modalities for theorizing sexuality.The second part of this essay examines the emergence of a congenital seat for lesbian sexuality, charting the uneasy historical incorporation of acquired homosexuality into the increasingly congenital and identarian sexual matrix in 1930s. Reading Lillian Hellman's The Children's Hour (1934) as positioned at the confluence between congenital and acquired understandings of sexuality, I argue that the sexual regimes of the 1930s transmute acquired homosexuality into situational homosexuality.10 Hellman's work proves a powerful barometer of cultural attitudes about both because she is one of the most important and successful American playwrights of the past century and because her work forthrightly takes up the question of the origins of sexuality. …

The Devil's Wall: The Nationalist Youth Mission of Heinz Rutha

Heinz Rutha was a man to confound our contemporary expectations. He was an ardent Sudeten German nationalist with fascist leanings, but opposed to Nazism. He was attracted to men, particularly beautiful blond youths, but he did not identify himself as a homosexual. In his wonderful book The Devil’s Wall, Mark Cornwall shows how the life of a man such as Rutha is the perfect vehicle for rethinking the history of the so-called ‘Sudeten problem’ (p. 7) and examining the history of homosexuality in East-Central Europe. Rutha was born in 1897 in the northern Bohemian village of Bad Kunnersdorf. Rutha’s background was typical of a region where ‘ethnic antagonism and intimacy co-existed’ (p. 14). While he hailed from a family active in Bohemian German nationalist circles, Rutha had Czech-speaking relatives on his mother’s side and kept up relations with them into his adulthood. As a high school student, Rutha joined the Wandervogel, beginning his lifelong involvement with the nationalist youth movement. He was initially not conscripted during World War I for medical reasons and devoted himself to the Wandervogel. Finally allowed to join the army in October 1917, he spent a few months on the front lines before the war ended and he returned to Kunnersdorf to run the family sawmill and start a custom furniture and interior decoration business (begun with money borrowed from his Czech relatives).

The Undoing and Doing of Sexual Identity among Heterosexual Men with HIV in Australia

This article explores the tendency among heterosexual men with HIV in Australia to declare their sexual identity in a way that is otherwise atypical among heterosexuals. This apparent need to articulate heterosexuality tends to create a sense of discomfort within the local HIV sector, partly because it seems curiously anomalous, and partly because, on the face of it, it lends itself to a perception of homophobia. The author seeks to examine this phenomenon more closely in order to identify and unpack the meanings surrounding it. In doing so, the author draws on qualitative interviews with heterosexual men with HIV and on her long-term collaboration with an HIV health promotion service for heterosexuals living with HIV. The author argues that, to understand these men’s compulsion to name their sexual identity, we need to understand the intersections between the cultural force of heteronormativity and the profoundly homosexual history of the HIV epidemic in Australia, which brings into sharp focus the “undoing” and “doing” of heterosexual masculinity.