History Of Aviation Research Articles

Impacts of COVID-19 on Air Traffic Control and Air Traffic Management: A Review

The global air transportation system continues to be greatly impacted by operational changes induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. As air traffic management (ATM) focuses on balancing system capacity with demand, many facets of ATM and system operations more broadly were subjected to dramatic changes that deviate from pre-pandemic procedures. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic when air travel became one of the first transport modes to be impacted by lockdown procedures and travel restrictions, a geographically diverse cohort of researchers began investigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on air navigation service providers, airline and airport operations, on-time performance, as well as airline network structure, connectivity, crew scheduling, and service impacts due to pilot and crew shortages. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of this aforementioned body of research literature published during one of the most tumultuous times in the history of aviation, specifically as it relates to air traffic management and air traffic control. We first organize the reviewed literature into three broad categories: strategic air traffic management and response, air traffic control and airport operational changes, and air traffic system resilience. Then, we highlight the main takeaways from each category. We emphasize specific findings that describe how various aspects of the air transportation systems could be improved in the domestic and global airline industry post-COVID. Lastly, we identify specific changes in operational procedures due to the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest future industry trends as informed by the literature. We anticipate this review article to be of interest to a broad swath of aviation industry and intercity transportation audiences.

Navigating the Skies: Unraveling Communication Challenges in Diverse Aviation Accidents

Effective communication is the lifeline of aviation safety, serving as the cornerstone for preventing accidents, mitigating crises, and ensuring seamless coordination among diverse stakeholders within the complex and dynamic aviation environment. The aim of this study is to provide a qualitative analysis of the 10 fatal accidents in aviation history and incidents and accidents that occurred in the past 10 years registered by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). The content analysis of the reports of the fatal accidents and reports of the 48 events identified in the accident database search revealed themes such as miscommunication between flight crew members, challenges in emergent situations, and communication breakdowns with ATC. These findings align with existing literature, emphasizing the pivotal role of communication in aviation safety. The study offers recommendations to invest in CRM training, standardized phraseology, and advanced communication technologies for aviation safety. Future research directions include exploring human-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and communication in Unmanned Aerial Systems. Moreover, grounded in these findings, airline companies can infer practical implications such as improved safety, operational efficiency, stress reduction, cost savings, regulatory compliance, and trust-building, thereby emphasizing the industry's commitment to continuous improvement in navigating the complexities of aviation communication.

An Exhibition in the House of the Russian Historical Society Devoted to the History of Civil Aviation

An Exhibition in the House of the Russian Historical Society Devoted to the History of Civil Aviation

Retro analysis of the development of the aviation security system in Ukraine

Various measures to ensure the safety of civil aviation flights in Ukraine from the time of its inception to the present are considered in a historical aspect at certain stages of activity, mainly organizational, scientific and technical and personal factors regarding the minimization of risks in civil aviation. The article confirms that at all stages of the more than 100-year history of civil aviation of Ukraine, various measures were constantly taken to ensure flight safety and minimize risks in aviation, especially since the second half of the 20th century. Innovative achievements of designers, scientists, engineers and technicians, training of highly qualified aviation specialists at the national and international level have become the achievement of global aviation. The integration of domestic aviation into the European and world community contributed to the strengthening of aviation safety in Ukraine.

Passages and rebates: Colonial officers and the shift from sea to air travel in the 1940s

Passengers seldom appear in historical accounts as having their own role in the development of civil aviation. This study identifies a particular class of air-travellers: colonial officers and their families, stationed throughout the British Empire, who in the late 1940s drove a shift to the air at a time of an acute crisis in shipping accommodations. The drive from sea to air relied on an administrative infrastructure which was created by the Crown Agents for the Colonies on the basis of their earlier agreements with shipping companies. The Crown Agents administered the passage of colonial officers and negotiated a rebate agreement with British Overseas Airways Corporation in 1949. The study concludes that the history of civil aviation and the shift from sea to air travel depended not only on technological improvements but also on passengers whose practices normalised air-travel.

Role of Air Balloons (Zeppelin) in Aviation History

İnsanoğlunun, yüzyıllar boyunca yeryüzünden gökyüzünü gözlemleyerek ulaşılmaz olana yaklaşma hayalleri olmuştur. Bütün dünyada efsaneleşen bu hayali gerçekleştirmek ve havalarda uçabilmek için birçok araç-gereç icat edilmiştir. Bu araçlar arasında en önemlisi gökyüzünde makinelerin devir hareketleriyle havanın karşı koymasından istifade edilerek yapılan hava gemileri olmuştur. Hava gemilerinin inşasında en başarılı devlet Almanya olarak kabul edilmiş ve mucidinin isminden dolayı genellikle zeplin olarak adlandırılmıştır. Zeplin, keşif hizmetleriyle savaşlar sırasında kullanılarak donanma için de önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti, Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında yaşanan büyük kayıpların etkisiyle askeri eksikliklerin giderilebilmesi için Almanya’ya uzmanlar göndermiştir. Bu uzmanlar tarafından Almanya’nın hava gemileri hakkında incelemeler yapılarak raporlar hazırlanmıştır. Aşağıda hava gemilerinin özellikleri, kullanılmaya başlamaları ve Osmanlı Devleti tarafından deniz hava gemileri hakkında yapılan incelemeler anlatılmıştır.

Evaluation of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial stability of airlines with different business models

The Russian airline market became the first in the world to record the positive revenue growth per passenger-kilometer in 2021 after a sharp decline in passenger traffic a year earlier. This indicates its gradual recovery after the biggest crisis in the history of aviation. The purpose of the article is to assess the financial stability of the Russian airlines over the past three years: 2019 (pre-COVID-19), 2020 (COVID-19) and 2021 (post-COVID-19) based on the applying of the three bankruptcy likelihood prediction models (Altman’s Z-score model for emerging markets, the AIRSCORE model of Chow et al., and the P-model of Pilarski and Dinh). The analysis was conducted for the 4 airlines - Aeroflot, Pobeda, Smartavia and NordStar - each of them having a different business model that they follow (national flag carrier, low-cost carrier, ultra-low-cost carrier and regional carrier, respectively). It should be noted that during the study period there was the rapid growth of low-cost carriers, even during the COVID-19 crisis. Traditional (full-service) airlines, on the contrary, had negative dynamics both in terms of operational and financial indicators. Calculations of bankruptcy models showed that low-cost airlines were more financially stable during the COVID-19 pandemic, while full-service air carriers experienced uncertainty during 2020 and only gradually recovered in 2021.

Wings for the Rising Sun: A Transnational History of Japanese Aviation by Jürgen P. Melzer (review)

Wings for the Rising Sun: A Transnational History of Japanese Aviation by Jürgen P. Melzer (review)

Uçak Kazalarında İletişim Hatalarının Payı ve Havacılıkta İletişim Odaklı Geliştirilebilecek Yapay Zekâlar

In the history of civil aviation, there have been many fatal accidents due to different reasons. Most of the accidents occurred as a result of human error. Especially for the accidents that occur as a result of malfunctions in the aircraft engine or the systems on the aircraft, a large amount of accidents have been prevented by making use of new technologies. Despite these, accidents caused by human error continue to exist today. Aircraft accidents caused by communication errors are especially important. Due to misunderstanding, misinformation about flight rules, giving incorrect instructions, misunderstanding or misinformation as a result of not having sufficient command of the language used and not providing the necessary information, communication errors occur and as a result, fatal plane crashes occur. In addition to human errors in communication, problems may occur due to the systems used. In particular, the old radio systems used and the problems that occur during the transmission of data also cause accidents. For the same reasons, it is necessary to develop new technologies and use them in the aviation industry in order to avoid accidents. Since the number of people working in the sector cannot be reduced to zero, these technologies should be used and human error should be minimized.
 the purpose of this research; It is to examine and determine the share of aircraft accidents caused by communication errors and to examine the artificial intelligence that can be used in the subject. In the study, the 20 deadliest plane crashes in the history of civil aviation were examined. In addition, the example of Tenerife District is given because it is related to the subject. According to the information obtained as a result of the study, it was determined that 7 of the 20 deadliest accidents in the history of civil aviation were caused by communication errors. Within the framework of the study, Correlation Analysis was conducted to determine the degree of relationship between the number of deaths in accidents and the causes of accidents.

The story of flight

ABSTRACT The history of commercial aviation - from the earliest attempts at flight to the modern civil aircraft - is used to illustrate the central role of the evolutionary progress of collective knowledge in what is loosely described as technical progress. No individual knows how to build an airbus - ten thousand people working together do. The emphasis on collective intelligence as a means of solving problems builds on Penrose’s insight that the firm is best viewed a s a collection of capabilities to develop a template for the modern corporation that recognises the development of ‘capital as a service’ and the importance of ‘hollow corporations’, franchises and platforms in the twenty-first century economy.

The green light for air transport: sustainable aviation at present

In the nearly 120 years of aviation history, the industry and technology have evolved with the world. In the early decades, the focus was on preparing aircraft for passenger transport, and gradually the industry developed different areas such as airports, navigation, in-flight services and air traffic control. The aviation industry has faced quite many challenges in different periods. At the beginning of the JET era, the first very controversial factor, noise pollution, was already apparent. The gas turbines of the time were much less efficient than today’, and although the technology worked, some factors were less considered by developers, such as the noise and environmental impact mentioned above. As we moved into more modern times, the focus shifted more and more to the pollutants emitted by aircraft, which has become one of the most studied factors to date. This research examines the sustainability of aviation, past, present and future, in the light of global warming. It presents technologies that already work in the present, but their possible spread only points to the near or even distant future.

Air transportation and COVID-19: A tale with three episodes

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the extreme vulnerability of our aviation system towards external disruptions. While there have been several earlier aviation-related crises, the impact of COVID-19 is unmatched in the history of modern aviation. Accordingly, a better understanding of the mechanisms and ramifications of this pandemic is instrumental for preparing towards future external disruptions. The contribution of our study is threefold. First, we dissect the disruptive impact of the pandemic on the scientific literature and extract the major trends and insights. Given the wide range of related venues and the extent of disruption, there have been many studies published in the last 2–3 years. Second, we perform a data-driven analysis of the full disruption cycle containing three episodes, starting with the epidemic shock early in the year 2020, over the pandemic stalemate, towards the endemic-induced recovery in the year 2022. Third, we summarize the major insights and derive a set of policy recommendations and future research directions which we consider essential on the way towards what we call pandemic-resilient aviation.

Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on air transport

ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to present the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the operation of airlines and the aviation sector as a whole. The pandemic forced airlines to make many changes in their operations and greatly affected the entire aviation sector. The operation of the aviation sector during the pandemic period was affected by the administrative closure of flights for months, as well as the regulation banning flights to selected countries.MethodsThe study used the method of analyzing statistical data and reports on the aviation sector. The method of analyzing statistical data made it possible to compare data from the aviation sector on, among other things, the number of passengers carried, and the number of flights made.ResultsAs a result of the development of the Covid-19 pandemic, the aviation sector reduced the number of flights operated, which contributed to a decline in the number of passengers carried and heavy losses for the sector. During the pandemic period, the growth of airlines was sharply halted.ConclusionsAviation around the world operated for several months in a completely new and highly unpredictable reality. The crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is the biggest crisis in aviation history. The sector needs to define clear rules and messages in crisis situations.

Flying While Palestinian: A Critical Analysis of Palestinian Aviation Diplomacy

This article provides a study of Palestinian aviation diplomacy by examining two “states of exception”: the deterritorialized Palestinian state and the supraterritorial, supranational state of aviation. It discusses five important episodes in Palestine’s aviation history: aviation as a colonial instrument in Palestine prior to 1948, Jerusalem Airport as a contested site of power, Palestinian airplane hijackings as media spectacle, Yasir Arafat’s creative aviation diplomacy, and Gaza International Airport and Palestinian Airlines as symbols of Palestinian sovereignty. Although Palestinians have faced difficulties with conventional aviation diplomacy, they have been somewhat successful in exploiting aviation as an unconventional weapon of resistance to disrupt dominant narratives.

Dr Emily A Margolis ‘Women’s history is aviation and space history’

Dr Emily A Margolis ‘Women’s history is aviation and space history’

Influence of Composite Skin on the Energy Absorption Characteristics of an Aircraft Fuselage

In aviation history, accidents during landing are more frequent compared to other phases of flight and in most cases the aircraft is forced to make an emergency belly landing when landing gear malfunctions. This study aims to analyse the energy absorption of a typical composite aircraft fuselage section under such crash belly landing. A finite element model of this composite fuselage section was created and analyzed using LS-Dyna finite element software and the effects of different composite materials on the energy absorption of fuselage section were studied. Four different composite materials that are commonly used in aerospace application were selected for the purpose of the present study namely glass/epoxy, graphite/epoxy, Kevlar/epoxy, and boron/epoxy. An impact velocity of 7 m/s against rigid ground was considered. Results showed that frames and skin contribute the most in energy absorption while the passenger floor and strut contribute the least. Moreover, it was found that fuselage skin made of glass/epoxy absorbed more energy compared to other materials and it had the highest specific energy absorption.

ПОТЕНЦІАЛ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «ІСТОРІЯ АВІАЦІЇ» У ФОРМУВАННІ «SOFT SKILLS» ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article is on the issue of the formation of universal soft skills of higher education students in aviation specialties in the process of teaching the academic discipline ″History of aviation″ at the Flight Academy of NAU. It is emphasized that soft skills are not only key predictors of professional development, but also ensure the formation of an active, creative position in relation to one's activities and one's own life. The article pays special attention to the substantiation to the possibilities of interactive teaching methods used in classes – ″case study″ and ″debates″ – in the context of the process of developing flexible skills of students related to social, intellectual, volitional and leadership competencies. The purpose of the article is to clarify the notion ″soft skills″, to analyze the component composition of universal skills of a modern aviation specialist, as well as to study methods and technologies of teaching ″History of aviation″ for the purpose of soft skills formation of students of higher education. It is essential to single out three areas as for the formation of ″soft skills″: cognitive, active and personal. The following technologies ensure the highest effectiveness of the educational process: problem and exploring technologies (partial exploring training, problem and research training, training based on ″brainstorming″ and others); modelling training technologies, or edutainment (situation playing, story playing, simulation, etc.); communicative and dialogic technologies (problem discussion, intergroup dialogue, discussion with playing modelling and some others). The training process at aviation higher school has to be targeted simultaneously at professional competences formation and transfer of fundamental knowledge in aviation field, as well as development of soft skills that will permit future graduate to ensure the functioning of the main production processes; to manage the situation optimally, to build team interaction, to have flexible approach in decision-making. History disciplines have great educational potential, promoting the development of personal qualities of students, make substantial contribution to improving quality of professional education and can be considered not only as academic discipline, but also as a means of obtaining valuable information regarding intellectual development and professional growth, improving students' mental skills. In our opinion, academic discipline ″History of aviation″ is an effective means of soft skills students' development. It was concluded that the introduction of interactive technologies will contribute to the intensification of the educational process, the formation of skills and habits that ensure the success of students' self-realization. Key words: ″soft skills″, students of higher education of aviation specialties, academic discipline ″History of aviation″, interactive teaching methods, innovative educational technology, case-study, ″debate″ technology.

Wings for the Rising Sun: A Transnational History of Japanese Aviation by Jürgen P. Melzer (review)

Wings for the Rising Sun: A Transnational History of Japanese Aviation by Jürgen P. Melzer (review)

SAKHALIN CIVIL AVIATION 1929-1991 IN THE LIGHT OF ARCHIVAL SOURCES

In 1929, began the planning of an air route that connected Northern Sakhalin with the mainland of the Soviet Union. In 1930, the first flight was made along this route, which marked the beginning of the history of aviation in the Far East. The article provides an overview of documents deposited in the Russian State Archive of Economics and the State Historical Archive of the Sakhalin region, containing information on the development of air traffic. These sources are found in various non-specialized collections of archives, and there is a need for their systematization.

Exploration on the Development Strategy and Utilization Path of Jiangxi Aviation Historical and Cultural Resources

The historical and cultural resources of Jiangxi aviation are profound and have a very important value of the times. Standing on the new journey of building an aviation power in the new era, this paper deeply explores and studies Jiangxi's heavy aviation history and culture, and puts forward the development strategy and utilization path of Jiangxi's historical aviation cultural resources according to the requirements of history and the times. It is expected to provide useful experience and spiritual encouragement for carrying forward the spirit of aviation serving the country, realizing Jiangxi's aviation dream, and building aviation power in the new era.