Historiographical Work Research Articles

Проблематика західної історії преси: критичний історіографічний огляд (1974–2020 рр.)

This review article makes an attempt to accomplish a historiographic overview of the works in problematic of the history of press in the West. The aim of this paper is to make a synthetic overarching historiographic overview of Western studies in Media History, specifically in Press Studies and more specifically – in Press History. The scientific novelty of the research: for the first time in the Communication and Media Studies in Ukraine (the so-called “Theory and history of Journalism) Western perspectives and concepts regarding the research problem of Journalism History are discussed here. We conducted the qualitative analysis of main works in Media History on the basis of influential Western international peer-reviewed journals (American Journalism Review, Communication Quarterly, Media History, Journalism History). Specifically, for the first time, we introduce here in the Ukrainian scholarly discourse a milestone pioneering research essay of world-renowned American scholar, Professor J. W. Carrey The Problem of History of Journalism (Journalism History, 1974). Itsimpact on transformation of conceptual perspectives to studying Media History in Western scholarship has been analyzed. We have elucidated common and different perspectives, interpretations, concepts and methodology of studying history of media, in particular press, in Western academic discourse. It has been argued here the relevance of reconsidering Ukrainian concepts and perspectives towards studying history of journalism, specifically from the mainstream (in the West) interdisciplinary perspective of the Cultural Studies, Behavioral Psychology, Global History and last but not least, – Communication and Media Studies. It has been accentuated in this paper a necessity of selective interpolation of Western perspectives on Media History in the Ukrainian humanities, specifically Journalism History curriculum discipline. The conclusions have been drawn and the perspectives of follow-up historiographical works in Media History (specifically, Press History) in the Ukrainian scholarship have been put forward. Keywords: Journalism History, Media History, histories, historiography, overview, press, Western, American, concept, perspective, сultural рistory; Cultural Studies; Communication and Media Studies.

Nazi Conspirator, Russian Patriot: Judging General Andrei Vlasov

Lieutenant General A.A. Vlasov was an infamous, high-ranking Soviet defector during the Second World War. After his capture by German soldiers in 1942, Vlasov featured heavily in anti-Soviet German propaganda and organized anti-Soviet resistance in German-occupied territories. He was recaptured by Soviet forces in May 1945 and executed as a traitor in August 1946. Vlasov’s story challenged crucial Soviet narratives about the war and posed a threat to Soviet solidarity and stability in its aftermath. His case was rarely acknowledged among Soviet historians, only resurfacing after its collapse in a wave of nationalistic works that sympathized with Vlasov as a patriot and martyr of Stalinist repression. In the West, numerous political and practical factors since the 1950s have left scholars split on the truth of Vlasov’s intentions, beliefs, and historical impact. His story remains controversial in Russian academia; attempts to rehabilitate Vlasov have been suppressed by the Putin regime. This paper utilizes German and Soviet primary sources from recently declassified Russian state archives, as well as Western, Soviet, and Russian historiographic works from the 1950s to today. This paper demonstrates that Vlasov was intensely preoccupied with how he would be perceived by history; in this pursuit, he actively curated a vague, inconclusive record of his wartime experience. It also assesses why Vlasov’s case presents a unique challenge to historians and remains highly controversial in academic and political discourse under the Putin regime.

Gheorghe Grigorovici (1871-1950)

"The following article is a chapter of a study elaborated in 2018, „The Romanian National Council in Chernivtsi and its Role in the Formation of the Romanian Administration of Bukovina. Contributions to a Monographic Study”. It is a plea for the need for a monographic study dedicated to the problem formulated in the title itself, from the perspective of a “great European problem”, which would also aim at solving the “Bukovina issue” “within the Romanian identity”. Our contribution in this regard is organically connected to the yet “unclosed national file” in the historiography of the Great Union, regarded as “a cardinal theme of the Romanian historical discourse”, by approaching the imperative of “conducting investigations” in other neighboring research areas, such as the social elites, the collective mentalities, the rural and suburban communities, as well as those built around provincial markets etc. Structurally the study focuses on some main problems brought to the debate of the civil society in Bukovina in 1918: 1) The organization of the Romanian administration of Bukovina – a “European problem”, conceived “within the invigorating Romanian identity”; 2) Gheorghe Grigorovici (1871–1950): “New days are about to come, open the door in time, so that it will not be broken[!]""; 3) Radu I. Sbiera (1876–1946): “Let’s put not only the mind, but also the heart to work!” Each of the three sections of the study is followed by an annex, comprising documents which are for the first time approached from a philological perspective. All these are richly illustrated, with reproductions of watercolors, various vintage illustrations and photographs, some of which are unpublished in our historiographical works. Some reproductions of artistic works – watercolors, lithographs, serial postcards, as well as some photographs taken in workshops and photographic studios from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, known or less known to a wider audience – outline through their intimate and profound message in relation to the documents (re)brought into debate a bright period in the European and national history: la Belle Époque (1871–1914). The purpose of our annexes is, at the same time, to stimulate knowledge and to facilitate the understanding of some problems that the newer generations, today, face in a period of confusion of values: how was the emergence of the generation from 1918 possible, what “expertise” had the personalities of this fortunate year of our contemporary history, what “recommended” them or what “qualified” their energetic options, what put them in the service of common national values, high feelings and ideals? "

Structura etno-lingvistică și confesională a populației Bucovinei în perioada interbelică (1918 - 1940)

"The history of Bukovina in general and that of Bukovina during the interwar period in particular dispose of a series of historiographical works intended to highlight the various aspects of political, social, cultural, economic, ethno-linguistic, confessional issues etc. of the former Moldavian province. Some of these works are general, others specific, and many of them succeed to offer a fairly comprehensive image of the elements, processes and phenomena that have influenced the ethno-linguistic and confessional evolution of Bukovina’s population in the interwar period. The specialized articles and studies are distinguished by the great analytical and synthesis capacity of their authors, but the aspects considered by them, although extremely valuable for knowing the international factors which have influenced the evolution of national political processes, overtake only extremely tangentially the particularities of the local communities from different territorial-administrative units which could have influenced, in turn, the evolution or the tendency of certain ethno-linguistic and confessional phenomena and processes which can or could have taken an international amplitude. While many studies succeed to highlight the socio-cultural, inter-ethnic and identity realities of Bukovina during the interwar period, whose contribution to the understanding and evaluation of the international framework is extremely valuable, they do not explicitly aim to contextualize the interethnic and confessional facts and processes during the interwar period in Bukovina. The main objective of this research is to understand the impact of national and international government policies on administrative-territorial changes and, implicitly, on the ethno-linguistic and confessional structure of the Bukovinaʼs population in the interwar period. The research methodology takes into account the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data provided by statistical yearbooks, county, national and international archives, as well as Romanian and foreign historiography on the analysed issues. Therefore, this research aims to highlight the evolution of the ethno-linguistic and confessional structure of the population of Bukovina in the interwar period, as well as the internal and international factors that favoured or, on the contrary, inhibited the physiognomy of Romanian communities and national minorities in this historical space. "

Афонское греческое Житие преподобного Антония Печерского

The article introduces into scholarly circulation the Greek text of the handwritten Life of Anthony of the Caves, which has recently come to the attention of researchers and is preserved in the archives of Athos hardly available until recently. For the first time, a critical edition of the Greek text of the Life is being published, the translation of which was carried out recently and published in the 2018 Kapterevskie Chteniya paper collection. We consider six known copies of a newly discovered monument of Greek Athos literature – the approximately thousand-page “Athoniad” by Jacob Neasketiotes, through which the Life has come down to us. The appendix to the article contains the first critical edition of the Greek text of the Life. The article also discusses the obvious sources of the Greek text, from the Tale of Bygone Years and the Kiev Caves Patericon to the Greek hagiographic collections of the 18th and the 19th centuries. Another interesting question is the connection of the work of the Athonite monk, author and copyist Jacob Neasketiotes with Russian matter, which could be explained by his stay while working on the “Athoniad” in the Russian monastery of St. Panteleimon on Athos and communication with the confessor of the Rossikon Fr. Jerome (Solomentsov). This also explains the presence of several codices with the Lives of Theodosius of the Caves, Mitrofan of Voronezh, and other texts related to Russia in the collection of manuscripts of St. Panteleimon Monastery. The original versions of the “Athoniad”, apparently, strongly depended on the historiographical works of another famous Athonite erudite, Theodoretos Lauriotes, who was a relative of Jacob Neasketiotes.

The File on Theresa Harris, Black Star of the Archive

The file on Black actor Theresa Harris includes 103 Hollywood films and TV shows for which she has screen credit, along with many that she does not, from 1929 to 1958. She was cast as an extra, a bit player, or a character actor with lines, most of the time as a maid. In this speculative history of her career, I examine a selection of her roles in films such as Baby Face (1933), Jezebel (1938), I Married a Zombie (1943), Out of the Past (1947), and Lady from Shanghai (1947) as if they were racial events. The act of critical viewing, of actually noticing Harris’s contribution to these and other films, can arguably alter the reading of the films in important ways. My reparative readings are inspired by the theoretical work of Eve Sedgwick and Christine Goding-Doty, and the historiographical work of Saidiya Hartman and Daphne Brooks.

The Lost Circassia and the Found Circassians: Caucasian Migration to the Ottoman Empire

The article deals with the history of pan-Caucasian (Circassian) nation-building in the context of international relations, which helps to provide a new look at the migration from the North Caucasus to the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. The author analyses a wide range of materials including archival documents, historiographical works, and the British and French press to show that subjectification of the Caucasus in the international arena and Circassian nation-building were the real triggers of migration. The success of Western (primarily British) diplomacy can be seen in the formulation of the Circassian question and the emergence of a pan-Caucasian national project. However, Russia's military advancement in the Caucasus, and the difference between British and French foreign policy strategies halted the nation-building process. Besides, the efforts of nation-builders were not enough to unite North Caucasians, due to such obstacles as the lack of experience of common statehood, and linguistic and ethnic diversity. Thus, migration was the result of the failure of the British Circassian nation-building project, and it summed up the long period of subjectification of the North Caucasus in the international arena in the 19th century.

ON THE QUESTION OF THE “BEGINNINGS” OF HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE RUSSIAN SCIENCE OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY

The paper presents the results of the study on the importance of the historiographical component in the Russian science of universal history at the beginning of the second half of the XIX century. Special attention is paid to the study by Russian historians of the European science of universal history, which had a significant impact on the formation of the Russian science of universal history, starting with the university lecture courses by T.N. Granovsky and P.N. Kudryavtsev in the middle of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century. Special attention is paid to the first historiographical works by Mikhail Nazarovich Petrov (“The Latest National Historiography in Germany, England and France”) and Vladimir Ivanovich Guerrier (“Essay on the Development of Historical Science”), due to whom the European historiography of universal history turned into a research field. These two works, one of which was published in Kharkov in 1861, and the other – in 1865 in Moscow, laid the “beginnings” of historiography per se, i.e. historiography as an independent scientific discipline with its own research subject, methods, methodology, etc. In fact, there was rethinking of historiography as a historical phenomenon, and consequently, there was a need to find the “point” where knowledge about the history of science acquired its internal logic and thus turned from historiographical experience into systematized knowledge. The essence of this “point” (or moment) is that a system or organized knowledge (in other words, a concept) appeared in historiography, which turned knowledge about the history of science into a scientific discipline. The questions when and how this happened remain open. In any case, M.N. Petrov and V.I. Guerrier were the first Russian historians who sought to turn the “beginnings” of historiography into a scientific discipline. The question of the priority of the first Russian professional historiographer is still unresolved. V.E. Illeritsky expressed an opinion that it belongs to S.M. Solovyov, according to R.A. Kireeva – to M.O. Koyalovich.

ANALISIS KOMPARATIF HISTORIOGRAFI SIRAH NABAWIYAH KARYA IBNU ISHAQ DAN IBNU HISYAM

This article aims to explain the results of the analysis through a comparison of historiographical works in the form of the Sirah Nabawiyah written by Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Hisham. The research method used is a historical research method with four steps, those are: 1) Heuristics or source collection, the data collection technique used is a literature study by looking for the sirah nabawiyah Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Hisham, as well as books and journal articles relevant to the research. this; 2) Source Criticism; 3) Interpretation or analysis of data, the analysis is carried out in analyzing the selection of sources in making the Sirah Nabawiyah of these two figures, as well as writing the narrative of the sirah whether subjective or objective; 4) Historiography. The results of the study show that the objectivity of historical facts contained in Ibn Ishaq's works is a little weak but his works are perfected by Ibn Hisham's works. In terms of scientific methodology, Ibn Ishaq is not as strong as Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq's sirah nabawiyah, some stories have weak source strengths and are slightly less relevant in some of the contents of his work, through Ibn Hisham many studies of Ibn Ishaq's sirah nabawiyah have been corrected, omitted irrelevant contents and sources and then perfected through the science of hadith transmission. Sirah Nabawiyah Ibn Hisham is the most trusted sirah to date.

Калмыцкая повседневность XVII–XIX вв.: постановка проблемы и история изучения

Introduction. The majority of Russian historiographic works deal with political history, namely: class struggle, wars, sociopolitical and socioeconomic development, prominent figures, etc. Meanwhile, it is evident enough that an ultimate basis for historical development and existence of any ethnos is everyday labor of the masses. The article reviews the emergence and development — in historical science as such and Russian historiography proper — of the research trend exploring everyday life. The paper notes virtually no such works have been published in Kalmykia, nor can one find any essential scholarly narratives on everyday life of Kalmyks. Goals. The study aims at delineating long-term benefits of academic insights into Kalmyk routine life, all estates and social groups throughout the 17th to 19th centuries. Results. The paper revisits activities by founders of the Annales school (France) — Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre. Special attention is paid to similar works on everyday life in Russian historiography. Conclusions. The available ethnographic narratives examine the past household life of Kalmyks, their rites, economic affairs and other aspects integral to the subject area ‘mundane life’. However, the article concludes no special works to have covered Kalmyk routine life of the past have been published yet.

ИСТОРИЯ КАЗАХСКОЙ ДИПЛОМАТИИ: ПЕРЕПИСКА КАЗАХСКОГО ХАНСТВА С РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИЕЙ

This article attempts to reveal the content and analysis of documents and letters of diplomatic correspondence of Kazakh khans and sultans with the Russian Empire. An analysis of the events in the international life of the Kazakh Khanate in the dynamics of its changes testifies to the presence of a rich diplomatic practice of the Kazakh rulers. Since the formation of the Kazakh Khanate, the diplomatic service has been an important tool for strengthening statehood. Using different types of diplomatic correspondence, the linguistic aspects of historical letters were considered. The article analyzes the history of Kazakh diplomacy, using medieval written data and historiographic works.

Iskušenja vremena i odgovornost historičara / Trials of Time and Responsibility of Historians

The break-up of Yugoslavia and the period of transition more generally have resulted in differential profiling of Balkan historians, in how they approach certain processes in the past, work on the darker aspects of history, changing perspectives, degrees of awareness and of education, as well as standards in current and future work. This politicisation of their approach to and tendentious formulation of issues has entailed the imposition of a forced symmetry when dealing with already sensitive themes. It raises general questions about the responsibility of the historian, while at the same time bringing to light the set of preconditions that informs the action and effectiveness of historians and entire institutions at the local level. Historians have been facing the challenge of fragmentation for some time and it is reflected not just in the results of their historiographical work, but also directly in generations of their students.

An unproblematized truth: Foucault, biopolitics, and the making of a sociological canon

Foucault’s argument that a major break occurred in the nature of power in the European Eighteenth century—an unprecedented socialization of medicine and concern for the health of bodies and populations, the birth of biopolitics—has become since the 1990s a dominant narrative among sociologists but is rarely if ever scrutinized in its premises. This article problematizes Foucault’s periodization about the politics of health and the way its story has been solidified into an uncritical account. Building on novel historiographic work, it challenges the modernist bias of histories of biopolitics and public health and considers an earlier and more plural history of collective practices of health of which the story told by Foucault is just one important episode. Finally, it discusses the implications of this revised model for wider sociological debates on the link between modernity, health and the body.

The Phoenix Complex

The Phoenix Complex

Prošlost Bosne i Hercegovine na stranicama Kalendara Narodne uzdanice / The past of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the pages of the Kalendar Narodne uzdanice

In the period from 1923 to 1945, the Muslim Cultural and Educational Society “Narodna uzdanica” operated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. As part of its publishing
 activities, this society, once a year, published the Kalendar, a publication of a cultural and educational nature. In almost every issue, articles were published where numerous authors
 with varying degrees of success sought to contribute to the study of the past of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially that part of the past in which Bosnia and Herzegovina was under
 Ottoman rule. This paper aims to offer a brief overview of the works that thematically dealt with the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Kalendar Narodne uzdanice, to point out
 their importance, and in some places to show how political and ideological circumstances influenced published works. A selective bibliography of historiographical works published
 in the Kalendar Narodne uzdanice is offered as a contribution to the work.

Compiling the Deeds of Salzburg Saints: The 12th-Century De episcopis Salisburgensibus and the Monastery of Admont

This chapter examines De episcopis Salisburgensibus, a late 12th-century collection of texts concerning the bishops and history of Salzburg that was seemingly compiled by monks belonging to the Benedictine monastery of Admont in Styria, Austria. It discusses the structure, sources, manuscript tradition and reception of this little-known collection, which focuses primarily on the ›glorious‹ early centuries of the archiepiscopal see but through the inclusion of the Lives of later bishops and a bishops’ list also stresses continuity in the sanctity and importance of the Salzburg institution. This latter message was particularly apt at the time of writing, which followed decades of upheaval due to conflict between the Salzburg archbishops and Emperor Frederick I. The compilation of this propagandistic collection by Admont monks was in keeping with the close historical and cultural relationship between the monastery and the archepiscopal see and the long-standing role of Admont as a centre for the composition and compilation of hagiographical and historiographical works concerning Salzburg and its bishops. Building upon a detailed appraisal of the manuscript evidence, this chapter shines light on the compilation strategies employed by the compilers of De episcopis Salisburgensibus and discusses the collection in the context of the special relationship between Salzburg and Admont.

Obraz kobiet w wybranych dziełach historiografii kościelnej z VI wieku. Część 1. Historia Kościoła Teodora Lektora i Kronika Wiktora z Tunnuny

The present article consists of an analysis of four selected historiographic works with respect to the authors’ reception of the roles of women in the events portrayed. The representation of women in the church historiography of the period is a reflection of how women are perceived by the authors of the sources in question, the men from various cultural backgrounds and milieus: a Greek-speaking lector from Constantinople, a Latin-speaking bishop from the Roman part of Africa, a Syriac monk from Amida, but also a lay jurist from Antioch writing in Greek. The first part of the article contains analyses of Theodore Lector’s Church History and the Chronicle by Victor of Tunnuna. An analysis of the remaining works, as well as final conclusions, will be presented in the second part of the article.

Второй Зимний поход Армии УНР: современная отечественная историография

The article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the historiographical work of modern Ukrainian historians on the history of the Second Winter Campaign of the Army of the Ukrainian People Republic in 1921. The methodological basis of the study covers the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematics. General scientific and special research methods were used in solving the set tasks: historiographical analysis and synthesis of knowledge development, generalization, quantitative, historical-comparative, chronological, retrospective, etc. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive analysis of the state of study in current national historiography of the history of the Second Winter Campaign of the UPR Army in 1921, clarifies the conceptual approaches and techniques used by modern national experts. Conclusions. The analysis of the historiographical achievements of current Ukrainian historians has shown that they have done a lot to study the research topic. Having brought into scientific circulation previously closed archival materials, both national and foreign, in close cooperation with foreign colleagues, scholars of independent Ukraine rejected the unscientific, politically biased conclusions of Soviet historiography about the Second Winter Campaign directed by the foreign imperialist to overthrow the workers 'and peasants' power in Ukraine, to return it to the hands of the bourgeoisie and the landlords. Certain shortcomings of Ukrainian foreign historiography on this issue have been eliminated, including inaccuracies, a weak source base, and a noticeable memoir in covering many episodes of this campaign. National experts have clearly proved that the Second Winter Campaign was a heroic attempt of the UPR Army interned in Polish and Romanian camps together with the insurgent Ukrainian people to restore independent Ukrainian statehood. It is shown that the Civil Administration of the Partisan-Insurgent Headquarters carried out serious organizational work aimed at preparing for the restoration of UPR power, but a number of objective and subjective factors led to the defeat of the raid, which negatively affected the further national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people. At the same time, the historiographical analysis showed that despite the considerable achievements of national historians in studying this topic, not all its aspects were comprehensively covered. A number of them require further scientific analysis and interpretation, which requires significant expansion and updating of the source base.

A los cincuenta años de su fallecimiento. Una nueva generación de investigadores valora la obra del historiador Serra Ràfols (1972-2022)

One way to commemorate the legacy of an intellectual —in this case, that of the historian Elías Serra Ràfols— is to reflect on the imprint of his contribution and probe his presence today, when five decades have passed since his death. There are many ways to verify his impact as a researcher in historiography and the validity of many of his postulates, contributions, methodology, human values... We have opted, as a complement to the article by Blanca Divassón and Javier Soler, for a questionnaire submitted to the opinion of a varied list of young historians, because they are the ones who have in their hands the present and the medium-term future of historiographical work on the Canary Islands.

Hugo Šojaus asmeninės bibliotekos knygos Lietuvos mokslų akademijos Vrublevskių bibliotekoje

Hugo Scheu (1845–1937), a cultural activist and the owner of an estate in Heydekrug (now Šilutė), gathered copious art collections, was interested in Lithuanian studies and had a valuable personal library. However, his valuable collections of artworks and publications in Lithuanian studies were scattered after the storms of World War II – some were destroyed, others found their way into memory institutions. There is still a dearth of comprehensive research for a reconstruction of Scheu’s personal library. There are no special historiographic works concerning its history. Furthermore, there is not enough information to fully envisage this once valuable library or to figure out how and when its books came to the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Some of the books formerly owned by Hugo Scheu were distributed among institutions, others dispersed or destroyed. It is presently known that eighteen publications previously owned by Scheu are held in the Šilutė Museum, one in the Šiauliai County Povilas Višinskis Library, others in the Wroblewski Library. The present article aims to analyze Sheu’s books now kept in the Wroblewski Library based on press publications related to the landowner’s library. The article for the first time describes the heritage of Hugo Sheu’s personal library kept in the Wroblewski Library. At least fifteen publications previously owned by Sheu were identified in the course of the research. All of them have ownership marks (stamps). De visu examination of Sheu’s publications kept in the Wroblewski Library revealed that the landowner had five different types of ownership-confirming stamps. The personal library of Hugo Sheu is established to have been diverse in subjects – it included publications in ethnography, history, natural sciences and other disciplines. Keywords: Hugo Sheu; personal library; bibliophilic heritage; history of personal libraries; book culture; Lithuanian studies; Lithuania Minor; Šilutė; The Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.