Historiographical Study Research Articles

On the issue of periodization in problem-thematic historiographic studies. Discussion invitation

On the issue of periodization in problem-thematic historiographic studies. Discussion invitation

ФІНАНСОВА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ОРГАНІВ МІСЬКОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ НАДДНІПРЯНСЬКОЇ УКРАЇНИ В 1785–1917 рр. ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ СУЧАСНИХ ІСТОРИЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ

The scientific achievements of modern national historiography on the study of the history of financial activities of municipal self-government institutions of Dnipro Ukraine during the imperial era are analyzed. It was found that despite the lack of comprehensive generalizing work on this issue, it is represented by a large number of works that reflect financial activities of municipal governments. It is established that the scientific study of this problem has become the subject for not only historians but also for representatives of legal and economic sciences. It indicates its applied nature, as the study of the experience of financial activities of municipal public administration, including negative, can be taken into account in solving current problems of municipal self-government. It is noted that the works of scientists show the state’s attempt to interfere in the financial activities of the municipal government in order to maintain control over city finances, which negatively affected not only the increase in revenues but also the ability to use them to meet the needs of urban communities. Scholars draw attention to the discrepancy between city revenues and expenditures, which were determined by the imperial legislation for municipal governments. They find out the items of mandatory expenditures for the maintenance of the judiciary, police, city governments, troops, which accounted for a significant percentage of expenditures and were not spent for the development of urban economy and social sphere. Promising areas of further study include comparative comprehensive historical and historiographical studies of the financial activities of municipal governments in the imperial era in the regional dimension. In addition, researchers are to pay attention to such important aspects of the problem as the everyday life of city government officials, their role in social and cultural life of urban communities, the history of relations between municipal financial and government institutions.

Больше теорий хороших и разных: размышления над монографией Г. А. Двоеносовой о теории документа в парадигме междисциплинарного знания

G. A. Dvoenosova’s monograph is an attempt at theoretical rethinking of the phenomenon of document in the context of synergistic paradigm. It presents a full-scale structural and functional analysis of document. Based on the principle of causality, the laws of origin and evolution of document have been revealed, the role of document as a system-forming factor has been studied. These questions occupy several chapters in the monograph, where the phenomenon of document is examined in detail from different angles. Document is an interdisciplinary concept included in the dictionaries of many sciences: social, informational, humanitarian, technical, etc. This complicates its study and theoretical comprehension, since each scientific discipline forms its own view of the phenomenon, sets its own accents, and offers its own methods and approaches to its study. Being a classical document expert by education and vocation, G. A. Dvoenosova has made an attempt to integrate the existing knowledge on document into a unified theory based on synergetic toolkit and offered it to the scientific community. The author of the presented monograph is fluent in her material, using a variety of approaches to its interpretation (philosophical, informational, managerial, etc.). Her monograph is characterized by deep historiographic study of its main subjects and by its polemical orientation. Using different research optics, the author reveals the phenomenological nature of document, its systemic characteristics, allowing it to connect space and time, to organize society and structure its information flows. I would like to dwell on the definition of document as materialized memory of humanity. Evaluating the presented theory as an undoubted scientific achievement, it is important to emphasize that synergetic theory of document takes into account and integrates various achievements in the field of theoretical understanding of document as seen in classical document management, communication and information theories of document.

ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ БЕНЧМАРКИНГА В ПОДГОТОВКЕ БУДУЩИХ ПЕДАГОГОВ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ

The article discusses the results of a historiographical study of the problem of theoretical justifi cation, development and implementation of a system for training future teachers of vocational training using a set of benchmarking technologies. Special attention is paid to the understanding of pedagogical interpretation and adaptation of benchmarking as a tool of the project method.

PROBLEMS OF THE NATIONAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN STATE OF THE LATE 19th – EARLY 21st CENTURY IN SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF E.K. MINEEVA

The article analyzes the complex of scientific studies of Elena Konstantinovna Mineeva, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University who celebrated her jubilee in 2020. The relevance of studying the scientific creativity of the professor is determined not so much by the jubilee commemorative practices, but by the importance of the problems studied by her and the significant contribution of the scientist to the analysis of national policy problems of the Russian state. It is possible to distinguish the following directions in her scientific work: studying the basic principles of national policy of the Russian state of the late 19th – early 21st century; definition of the role played by the People’s Commissariat of Nationalities of the RSFSR in the practice of solving the national issue in the early years of the Soviet power; comparative analysis of the process of creation of the Mari, the Mordovian and the Chuvash Autonomies; the development of these national-state entities in the 1920s–1930s E.K. Mineeva’s research significantly supplemented and clarified the difficulties of determining territorial boundaries and the problems of economic zoning in the Volga autonomies during the period under study; peculiarities characteristic for the process of indigenization and formation of management personnel in the autonomies clarified the policy of the national autonomies in the sphere of education and culture. In her works it is possible to distinguish a separate group of historiographic studies devoted to the analysis of the concepts of national and state building in the scientific heritage of domestic scientists. An important contribution has been made by the scientist to the development of theoretical issues in the sphere of federalism and interethnic relations, to the characterization of the peculiarities in asymmetric federation in our country. The article briefly describes the main conclusions of the scientist on the above-stated problems. In conclusion, the article states a significant contribution of E.K. Mineeva in the study of the national policy of the Russian state, the role of a professor in establishing his scientific school, her organizational activity in scientific journals functioning and conducting scientific events.

ЯН БОДУЕН ДЕ КУРТЕНЕ ПРО ЗВ’ЯЗОК МОВИ І МИСЛЕННЯ

In the presented article an attempt of a special complex linguistic and historiographical study of J. Baudouin de Courtenay’s views according to the connection of language and mentality is done. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the issue of the connection of language and mentality in J. Baudouin de Courtenay’s interpretation accounting studious of his predecessors and contemporaries (first, the scholars of the Leipzig and Moscow linguistic schools). According to the purpose and objectives of the research, an actualistic method has been used in the work, which allows to trace the development of the object in the past and to foresee some trends for future development grounded on modern knowledge. The main task of the research is to disclosure of the new, which Baudouin de Courtenay introduced into the study of psychosocial properties of language, a complete and objective studying of linguistic historiographical material, taking into account the continuity in the deepening of scientific knowledge of language. In particular, J. Baudouin de Courtenay put forward a concept of language knowledge along with «intuitive, contemplative, direct knowledge and scientific, theoretic knowledge». The material presented in the article proves that Baudouin de Courtenay gave a deeper and more profound analysis of the psychosocial nature of the language and social factors of its development than his contemporaries.

ЯН БОДУЕН ДЕ КУРТЕНЕ ПРО ЗВ’ЯЗОК МОВИ І МИСЛЕННЯ

In the presented article an attempt of a special complex linguistic and historiographical study of J. Baudouin de Courtenay’s views according to the connection of language and mentality is done. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the issue of the connection of language and mentality in J. Baudouin de Courtenay’s interpretation accounting studious of his predecessors and contemporaries (first, the scholars of the Leipzig and Moscow linguistic schools). According to the purpose and objectives of the research, an actualistic method has been used in the work, which allows to trace the development of the object in the past and to foresee some trends for future development grounded on modern knowledge. The main task of the research is to disclosure of the new, which Baudouin de Courtenay introduced into the study of psychosocial properties of language, a complete and objective studying of linguistic historiographical material, taking into account the continuity in the deepening of scientific knowledge of language. In particular, J. Baudouin de Courtenay put forward a concept of language knowledge along with «intuitive, contemplative, direct knowledge and scientific, theoretic knowledge». The material presented in the article proves that Baudouin de Courtenay gave a deeper and more profound analysis of the psychosocial nature of the language and social factors of its development than his contemporaries.

People’s Houses as Answers to the Challenges of Modernity in Europe and Russia

The article is devoted to a pioneer comparative study of the appearance and evolution of peoples houses in Western Europe and Russia in the second half of the XIX - early XX century. The institutional approach chosen by the authors is complemented by a historical and comparative method of studying the phenomenon of peoples houses. The goals of their creation and features of the activity, due to the political, economic and sociocultural historical realities of individual countries, are analyzed. Research revealed that peoples houses in Europe and in Russia were created at the same historical period - the modern era. A historiographical comparative study using new historical sources showed that in Western European countries and in the Russian Empire, the state did not play a major role in this matter, although some of the people's houses were opened by monarchs, and state policy (opposing promotion of cultural leisure to the alcoholization of the population) could contribute to the development of civil society initiatives. The performed study proves that for both European countries and Russia, private and public initiatives in establishing people's houses (primarily the cooperative movement) played a decisive role. In Russia, it is important to point out the sociocultural policy of the zemstvos, their financial support when building people's houses. The article shows the obvious differences in the history of people's houses in Western European countries and in Russia, due to the late formation of the party system in Imperial Russia. In Europe, one can meet many examples of the creation of people's houses by political parties and generally note the high level of politicization of these institutions. In Russian reality non-political nature of people's houses is obvious, they were mostly cultural and educational public institutions that were further subjected to the process of politicization (under revolutionary conditions). In conclusion, the authors acknowledge big historical significance of people's houses as civil society institutions in Russia and abroad, taking into account such principles of their functioning as independence, voluntariness, social activism and civic consciousness.

Landscape, Memory, Heritage and Identity (Historiographical Overview)

Introduction. UNESCOs adoption of the Convention “Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” of 1972 led to the discussion on the issues of mutual influence and interdependence of humankind and nature and human perception of the environment and his own ecological niche. As a result of these discussions, the term “cultural landscape” came into use, and became part of the world cultural heritage. Methods and materials. This study is based on the combination of the general, special historical and cultural methods. The central place among them was occupied by the comparative, analytical, historical-genetic, comparative analysis methods and some methods of historical cultural studies. Analysis. The evolution of the cultural landscape took place throughout human history and is a unique blend of not only human development. It also reflects, on the one hand, national culture and mentality, and on the other, shows the influence of natural factors on their development. It also helps to understand the mentality of various ethnic groups, similarities and differences in their perception of the world and attitude. The development of the cultural landscape concept has become an integral part of the Anthropocene theory, based on the teachings of V.I. Vernadsky, about the impact and intersection of the geo-, bio- and noosphere in the fate of humankind. Results. The article considers the development of the “cultural landscape” theory mainly in English and American historiography which conclusively demonstrates how natural factors impact on changes in culture of the same ethnos. Through historiographic studies and comparisons, it becomes possible to trace the importance of preserving and studying the cultural landscapes of the past and present, in order to understand ourselves and be responsible to the world around us.

Public Opinion of the Police in 1930s America: A Qualitative Historiographical Study

Public opinion polls largely developed post-WWII and questions about the police did not appear until the late 1960s. Since then, over 100+ studies have assessed the modern-day public opinion of the police, but none have looked to public opinion from an earlier time period. This study uses a qualitative historiographical approach for assessing public opinion of the police in the 1930s by drawing on the primary source of a letter exchange between two of that eras greatest pulp writers: Robert E. Howard and H.P. Lovecraft. Findings suggest similarities between the 1930s and present day public opinion of the police.

Cultures of Digitization: A Historiographic Perspective on Digital Art History

Art museums began using computers to help organize, catalogue, and coordinate their collections as early as the 1960s. In more recent times, art historians have consolidated the use of digital tools in the discipline within the emerging field of Digital Art History (DAH). In this historiographic study, we set out to understand DAH through an analysis of existing scholarship in the field. Our method combined both text mining and close reading of three datasets of art history journal articles published in the last decade: DAH (International Journal of Digital Art History, special issues of Visual Resources), Art History, and Art Journal. We studied the topical focus of these journals, looking at which agents, materials, and methods dominate and how they are contextualized. Based on this, we found that the subject matter and topical focus of scholarship in DAH differs significantly from scholarship in Art History or Art Journal. More specifically, the historical concerns of museums with regard to digitization still dominate DAH compared to other scholarship in the field. We argue that there are a number of historical and practical reasons for this, including early adoption of computers within museums, the need for simplicity in digitization projects, and issues of copyright. The persistence of this affiliation, in turn, raises critical questions for the future of the field of art history, including who can access art historical datasets, and how and by whom they are created.

Theory and Practice of School Upbringing Politicization in Soviet Pedagogical Thought of the Pre-war Period

The article examines the issues of schools’ politicization in the domestic pedagogical thought of the pre-war period. The theoretical and methodological relevance of the study lies in the need to study the theory and practice of school education, modernization models and educational strategies of the Soviet period. No less important is the relevance of the historical dimension of the problem of the development of school education in the USSR in the context of the scientific reconstruction of the main stages of its evolution. The author has used historical-structural, historical-typological, historiographic and source study methods in his work. The purpose and practical significance of scientific work are associated with the tasks of interpreting and revising the activities of historically established educational systems, and with the possibility of their retrospective use for examining the state of the modern Russian school and building innovative concepts that generate new pedagogical knowledge. The study postulates the assertion that the upbringing system in the Soviet period was part of the ideological work of the ruling party, which had a huge impact on society. The views of prominent figures in pedagogical science and education system on the problem of raising the younger generation are characterized. The leading tendencies of etatization and politicization of school educational practice in the historical period under consideration are revealed. The main parameters of the modernization of the system of cultural, educational and educational activities of the united labour socialist school have been determined. It has been established that during the Soviet period, a worldwide recognized system of general education appeared. At the same time, the era under consideration was marked by the politicization of education, formation and subsequent development of the state-party management of the public education system.

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH CARE OF THE URBAN POPULATION OF THE UkSSR DURING THE 20-ies OF THE XXth CENTURY

The purpose of the article is to try to reveal the most important components of of health care formation and development of the urban population of the UkSSR during the 20-ies and their impact on the level and quality of an urban society life. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, systematization, scientificity, the unity of historical and logical, a moderate narrative constructivism, an anthropological approach, as well as special historical (historical genetic, historical typological, historical systemic) methods. The scientific novelty consists in the consideration of the health care system formation in the cities of the UkSSR against the background of the time challenges and work effectiveness in overcoming epidemics and social diseases. The author's periodization of the health care development in accordance with the social needs of urban residents has been presented. Modern conceptual approaches reveal the scale of the negative consequences of the ruling regime's policy, which led to famine and social cataclysms that tragically affected the health of the urban population. The Conclusions. An important indicator of the social standard of living of the urban population during the 1920-ies was their access to the health care service. After overcoming the effects of famine and outbreaks of epidemics during 1921 – 1923, the city health service during 1924 – 1929 focused on the fight against social diseases – tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases. As the epidemiological situation in the cities improved, social illnesses were overcome, and funding for the establishment of medical research institutes increased, and contacts were established with foreign specialists in this sphere. The prospects for a further scientific research consist in the preparation of a historiographical study on the history of social medicine during the 20-ies and 30-ies of the ХХth century, which would reveal the main stages of the historical knowledge accumulation, showed the evolution of conceptual views on this issue, revealed to researchers a modern arsenal of methods and techniques for studying historical processes.

“No Med School!” Black Resistance to The New Jersey College of Medicine and Dentistry (NJCMD) Urban Renewal Proposal, Between 1960 and 1970

This article is a historiographical study of urban renewal in Newark, New Jersey. The paper offers a cross-sectional view of policymaking and appropriation at the federal and local levels, which is critical when analyzing the delimitations of ethnic coalition building. The article centers on a typological study of Black resistance to the New Jersey College of Medicine and Dentistry (NJCMD) construction project that was slated to commence around 1965-1966. NJCMD, renamed the University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey (UMDNJ) in 1981, was initially proposed as a revitalization project that would stymie urban decay in Newark. However, the project proposal would also displace close to 22,000 people in the Central Ward—a predominately poor, majority Black section of Newark. Using social movement scholarship, specifically the literature on resource mobilization during the mid-twentieth century Civil Rights Movement, this article examines the distinct ways that Black residents of Newark responded to the NJCMD project. The response involved community board meetings, rallies, and surveys that ultimately led to significant overhauls of NJCMD’s initial design. Black resistance to NJCMD also culminated in the 1970 election of Kenneth Gibson, Newark’s first Black mayor. Key concepts such as “collective action framing” and “frame diffusion” inform this study of grassroots mobilization and community resistance. Also included in this work is an exploration of Black Power politics, its key figures in Newark, and the impact that such solidarity movements had on municipal politics. A thorough analysis of “pressure politics” and “protest politics” in the public sphere will also shed light on how racial exclusion frames elections and electorates.

A importância dos estudos historiográficos nas ciências da linguagem

Esta resenha tem o objetivo de compartilhar questões centrais discutidas na mesa redonda promovida pela Abralin Ao Vivo que contou com a presença de quatro pesquisadores da Historiografia da Linguística, discutindo tendências atuais nos estudos historiográficos da linguagem no Brasil. As comunicações apresentadas abordaram, respectivamente, a metodologia de organização de base documental, a partir de portais de documentação, os critérios e pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da História do ensino de Língua Portuguesa e o antagonismo histórico entre os papéis de um gramático e um linguista. As reflexões apresentadas colocaram em perspectiva a importância dos estudos historiográficos para a ciência da linguagem, mostrando três linhas de estudo que podem servir de inspiração e despertar interesse para várias outras linhas de pesquisa.

Making sense of the ruins: The historiography of deindustrialisation and its continued relevance in neoliberal times

AbstractThe political upheavals of recent years, including Brexit and the election of Donald Trump, have increased scholarly and public interest in the impact of deindustrialisation on working‐class communities. Building upon earlier literature reviews, this historiographical study examines the continued flowering of this interdisciplinary, transnational field of research. After briefly recounting the emergence of the field in response to the structural transformations of the 1970s and 80s, and its subsequent ‘cultural turn’, this review focuses on identifying the most promising strands of contemporary English‐language research. It notes the particularly innovative attempts to identify the ‘moral economy’ of deindustrialising societies, the growing study of the long‐term cultural legacies or ‘half‐life’ of deindustrialisation, and the renewed focus on the politics of memory and heritage preservation. Finally, it considers how scholars can constructively respond to the increasing public interest in deindustrialisation, challenge racialised and exclusionary definitions of the working‐class, and unpick the historical relationship between deindustrialisation and the social and political transformations of recent times.

The rise of state navies in the early seventeenth century: a historiographical study

ABSTRACT This article addresses a relative vacuum of the historiography of early-seventeenth-century navies. The central question is how European states established and sustained their navies. The article presents the main historiographical issues, especially the concepts of the ‘military revolution afloat’ and the ‘fiscal-naval state’, and demonstrates the technological, administrative and social concerns of early modern navies. It also exposes the main contemporaneous threats and alternatives to early modern state navies. It presents the changes that states made to navies and vice versa just before the so-called military revolution afloat in the mid-seventeenth century. This contested concept is put into context and exposed as a historical construct. The author, along with some other scholars, argues that it was far from a revolution, but more of a gradual evolution. The process of state-building in relation to state navies therefore needs to be reassessed: the navy was one of the tools of state-building, not just a tool of the already built and consolidated state.

ТАНКОВЕ БОЙОВИЩЕ НА ВОЛИНІ У ЧЕРВНІ 1941 РОКУ: ІСТОРІОГРАФІЧНІ НОТАТКИ

У статті аналізується сучасний стан наукової розробки історіографії танкового бойовища в районі Броди – Луцьк – Дубно у 1941 році. Актуальність цього питання обумовлена недостатньою розробленістю теми у вітчизняній історіографії, відсутністю спеціальних, в тому числі і дисертаційних досліджень по ній. Здійснене авторами дослідження дає підстави стверджувати, що роботи як російських, так і вітчизняних науковців мають переважно загальний характер. Виявлені наявні тенденції та дискусійні питання. Встановлено наявність полярних думок із цілої низки питань. У радянський період бойові документи частин і з'єднань були недоступні широкому колу дослідників, історичні роботи були сильно ідеологізовані, була тенденція до замовчування низки фактів і явищ. Водночас вивчення обраної теми має велике науково-практичне значення.

Olhar histórico do português brasileiro através do gênero lírico: contribuições de análises advindas das Cantigas de Santa Maria

O presente artigo consiste em ressaltar a importância do gênero lírico para os estudos historiográficos da língua, em especial, o emprego das Cantigas de Santa Maria (CSM) para os estudos linguísticos. Segundo Mattos e Silva (1989, p.15), o lugar de produção coincide com os limites históricos em que o português era usado como língua escrita – e isso não se restringe aos limites da nação portuguesa, como se sabe – e os informantes são os produtores dos documentos que, elaborados naqueles limites cronológicos, chegam até o pesquisador atual. Desejamos demonstrar as contribuições do gênero lírico (em especial, da lírica religiosa) para a observação das mudanças linguísticas pelas quais o português passou no decorrer de sua constituição, com destaque para as formas verbais imperativas. Assim, visamos mostrar que a retomada de fatos do passado linguístico da língua portuguesa pode trazer uma maior compreensão da estrutura do português atual.

SOBRE O USO DA MISÉRIA HISTORIOGRÁFICA E A RELEVÂNCIA DA INVESTIGAÇÃO HISTÓRICA NA APLICAÇÃO DO DIREITO DO TRABALHO

O presente artigo discute a importância da história do Direito do Trabalho para a aplicação de suas normas pelo Poder Judiciário. Pretende, ao evidenciar (i) a carência de estudos historiográficos juslaborais, (ii) a mistificação dos processos históricos que levaram à formação do Direito do Trabalho no país, sobretudo (iii) pela formação da narrativa oficial da outorga de direitos e (iv) ao se imputar a alcunha de “fascista” à legislação laboral, colaborar com a discussão teórico-crítica acerca da historiografia da matéria, com vistas a promover uma leitura de totalidade acerca da atual conjuntura e do papel da Justiça do Trabalho no fomento da proteção jurídica das trabalhadoras e trabalhadores, fortalecendo seu telos original e contraditório.