Historiographical Sources Research Articles

ЕТИКА BBC ЩОДО ЗАХИСТУ ДІТЕЙ

<div><p><strong><em>The aim of the study</em></strong><em> is to outline the concept of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) editorial policy on covering problematic issues of journalistic related to children, production of content specifically intended or likely to be available to minors, and other possible forms of direct or indirect interaction between media professionals and children.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methods.</em></strong><em> The research was made possible by conducting a traditional (content-related) analysis of documents on journalistic ethics of the BBC, in which relevant issues of editorial policy were raised, and of historiographical sources of the scientific problem. Previously, inquiry and research work was carried out to establish appropriate documents. Therefore, through synthesis of the analyzed material, the stated aim was achieved.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> The article presents a body of current editorial documents of the BBC, which regulate the activities of journalists in various forms of interaction with children. As a result of the historiographical literature study, the origins of the BBC editorial policy on the so-called “children’s issue” are briefly considered. The content of current documents is analyzed, in particular, such as the BBC Editorial Guidelines, the BBC Child Protection Policy, the BBC Code of Conduct, the BBC Guide to Working with Children, etc. Emphasis is placed on that norms of BBC ethics on children, which are potentially most important for Ukrainian journalism. The research established the values which are the basis of the BBC editorial policy on child protection.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty. </em></strong><em>With this research, the moral imperatives of the BBC on children will complement journalistic ethics as a field of knowledge in which the relevant scientific problem has not yet been properly developed.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical importance.</em></strong><em> The research will contribute to the formation of journalistic morality on children as a specific audience and a distinctive source of information. For the same purpose, the study can be used in further scientific research in the field of journalistic ethics.</em></p></div><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> journalistic ethics, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), child / children, BBC Editorial Guidelines, media, journalism.</em></p>

Conceptos e interpretaciones de la Guerra Fría en revisión: El estado actual de la cuestión entre los ecos de una Nueva Guerra Fría

Abstract In face of the growing systemic conflict between the West and China and the sudden escalation of tensions with Russia in the wake of the invasion of Ukraine, the concept of the Cold War reappears in recent years as a reference category. Terefore, the purpose of this article is to present an exhaustive and up-to-date review of the historiographical state of the art in relation to the concept, interpretations, physical and mental spaces and defining systemic structures of the world order between 1947 and 1991. Classic references are included, as well as the most recent, innovative and ground-breaking contributions to the historiography of the Cold War, which since 1991 has undergone a profound makeover, due to the broadening of interpretative categories and the multiplication of historiographical sources. Only by identifying what the Cold War really was will it be possible to construct valid comparative analyses, highlight lines of continuity, describe new variables and, ultimately, draw interpretative frameworks that allow us to understand a potential new cold war in light of the systemic confrontation during the second half of the twentieth century.

От общества «сяокан» к обществу «всеобщей зажиточности»: развитие политики Китайской Народной Республики по искоренению бедности

Introduction. Thу article analyzes key socioeconomic undertakings of the PRC at the present stage. In China, the year 2021 has marked a completion of Xiaokang — ‘moderately prosperous’ — society construction. Through the years of reform and opening up, the traditional concept of Xiaokang society has become a strategic goal of China’s socialist modernization and a core of socialism’s theory with Chinese features. Goals. The article primarily aims at analyzing relationship between the concept of Xiaokang society and Xi Jinping’s newly proclaimed doctrine of ‘common prosperity’, compliance of socialist modernization strategies with Chinese specifics. Since the concept of ‘common prosperity’ implies not only economic but also political contexts, it requires extensive and deep sociopolitical insights into ways and mechanisms to be involved thereto, and it is as urgent to identify potential impacts on Chinese society. Materials and methods. The paper examines Chinese periodicals of the specified era, studies contemporary historiographic sources relating to the issue. The study of public policy focuses on policy articles and documents, fundamental works by Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Xi Jinping, and the economist Li Yining. Results. Over the 40 years, the strategic goal of Chinese modernization has evolved from ‘Xiaokang level’ to ‘Xiaokang society’, and from ‘comprehensive Xiaokang society construction’ to ‘completeness of Xiaokang society in all aspects’. In addition, subtexts of the strategy has also made a significant leap — from equal emphases on material and spiritual components of civilization to strengthening of all five components, namely: material, spiritual, political, social, and environmental ones. The living standards have experienced fundamental changes: the problem of food and clothing (wenbao) has finally been solved, common well-being of the people increased, and absolute poverty of rural population eliminated. However, there are still some social issues to have remained unresolved throughout the construction of ‘moderately prosperous society’. Conclusions. The fulfillment of the ‘first century goal’ has required that the Government articulate a new goal for China’s economic and social development to deal with still existing problems, such as income inequality and social imbalance, which in turn may cause political instability and threaten the legitimacy of the ruling party’s power. In response to the growing need of the people for a better life and further economic growth of society, the PRC Government has introduced a new concept of social development — ‘common prosperity’ (gongtong fuyu). President Xi Jinping points out that ‘common prosperity is a necessary condition for socialism and an important feature of Chinese-style modernization’.

От общества «сяокан» к обществу «всеобщей зажиточности»: развитие политики Китайской Народной Республики по искоренению бедности

Introduction. Thу article analyzes key socioeconomic undertakings of the PRC at the present stage. In China, the year 2021 has marked a completion of Xiaokang — ‘moderately prosperous’ — society construction. Through the years of reform and opening up, the traditional concept of Xiaokang society has become a strategic goal of China’s socialist modernization and a core of socialism’s theory with Chinese features. Goals. The article primarily aims at analyzing relationship between the concept of Xiaokang society and Xi Jinping’s newly proclaimed doctrine of ‘common prosperity’, compliance of socialist modernization strategies with Chinese specifics. Since the concept of ‘common prosperity’ implies not only economic but also political contexts, it requires extensive and deep sociopolitical insights into ways and mechanisms to be involved thereto, and it is as urgent to identify potential impacts on Chinese society. Materials and methods. The paper examines Chinese periodicals of the specified era, studies contemporary historiographic sources relating to the issue. The study of public policy focuses on policy articles and documents, fundamental works by Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Xi Jinping, and the economist Li Yining. Results. Over the 40 years, the strategic goal of Chinese modernization has evolved from ‘Xiaokang level’ to ‘Xiaokang society’, and from ‘comprehensive Xiaokang society construction’ to ‘completeness of Xiaokang society in all aspects’. In addition, subtexts of the strategy has also made a significant leap — from equal emphases on material and spiritual components of civilization to strengthening of all five components, namely: material, spiritual, political, social, and environmental ones. The living standards have experienced fundamental changes: the problem of food and clothing (wenbao) has finally been solved, common well-being of the people increased, and absolute poverty of rural population eliminated. However, there are still some social issues to have remained unresolved throughout the construction of ‘moderately prosperous society’. Conclusions. The fulfillment of the ‘first century goal’ has required that the Government articulate a new goal for China’s economic and social development to deal with still existing problems, such as income inequality and social imbalance, which in turn may cause political instability and threaten the legitimacy of the ruling party’s power. In response to the growing need of the people for a better life and further economic growth of society, the PRC Government has introduced a new concept of social development — ‘common prosperity’ (gongtong fuyu). President Xi Jinping points out that ‘common prosperity is a necessary condition for socialism and an important feature of Chinese-style modernization’.

:Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean

:<i>Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean</i>

NOTES ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE GHAZNAVID EMPIRE ACCORDING TO SELECTED HISTORIOGRAPHY SOURCES

The Ghaznavid Empire ruled territories of Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran and northern India during its glorious era, especially during the reign of Mahmud al-Ghaznawi (997-1031AD). Such feat indirectly created societal plurality thus prompting the Ghaznavids to introduce policies which took into account national, cultural and religious diversity. Based on that reality, this study aims at analysing the development of social aspects in the Ghaznavid era as noted in a number of selected historiographical sources, among them being Tarikh al-Yamini authored by al-Utbi and Zayn al-Akbar by Gardizi. In addition to this, this study also examined modern historiography discussing social aspects of the Ghaznavid Empire to support findings obtained from primary sources. This study applied a qualitative approach through historical study and content analysis in collecting and analysing data obtained from primary and secondary sources. Findings of this study shows that discourse on social aspects in the Ghaznavid era touched on the population in the empires territories, encompassing societal structure, political governance, and cultural development. Such notes proved that the Ghaznavid Empire also enjoyed peaks of social achievement in parallel with the advancement of the Ghaznavid rule.

Теоретико-методологічні засади наукової творчості Валерія Степанкова (до 75-річчя дослідника)

The purpose of this article is to analyze the theoretical and methodological principles of Valerii Stepankov’s scientifi c work. He has a Doctorate Degree in Historical Sciences, Professor, head of the Department of World History at Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University. Th e methodological ground of the research is the principles of historicism, comprehensiveness and consistency. Th e author has widely used problem-chronological, comparative and diachronic methods. Th e scientifi c novelty of the article is determined by the number of historiographical sources –individual works of the researcher that were used. Conclusions. Th e family upbringing formed in the future historian the main worldview mat- rix of moral and ethical values based on honesty, decency, diligence, responsible performance of assignments and tasks. Th e initial stage of his formation as a scientist evolved during his student years and the fi rst years of work as an assistant in the General History Department of Kamianets-Podilskyi Volodymyr Zatonskyi Pedagogical Institute (1967-1975) and was determined by the Marxist methodology of author’s research initiatives. Th e next stage (1976-1988) started aft er V. Stepankov’s acquaintance with the books of M. Hrushevsky «History of Ukraine- Rus» and V. Lypynsky «Ukraine at the Turn of 1657-1659» which was the impetus for the pro- cess of rethinking the concept of the liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people in 1648-1654. It was unfortunate period for the author, because he could not publicly present it within the socio-political conditions of that time. During the «turning decade» (1989-1998), the removal of ideological restrictions and the actualization of the problem in connection with the forma- tion of independent Ukraine created favorable conditions for the professional self-realization of Mr. V. Stepankov who became a successful scientist-innovator. Based on the statehood approach, he has formulated the concept of the National Liberation Revolution of 1648-1676. From the end of the XXth century and to the present days, he continues to deepen and expand the analytical arguments of his vision of the events of Ukrainian / national history of the middle and second half of the XVIIth century. Nowadays, V. Stepankov uses the principles of positivism and neo- positivism as the methodological basis of his research, but does not limit himself to this. He also extensively uses the tools of the «Annals» school, the «new» social history, modal biography, and psychohistory.

Transformation of the Funeral Rite of the Peoples of Central Asia on the Territory of North India During the Early Iron Age

The article is dedicated to the historiographical analysis of the transformation of funeral rite of the Pamir Sakas, Yuezhi, Indo-Scythians and Kushans in the process of their migration from Central Asia to the territory of Northern India. The purpose of this study is to trace the gradual assimilation of the nomadic peoples of Central Asia with the settled population of Bactria and Northern India, reflected in the funeral rite. The Early Iron Age of Central Asia and Northern India remains little-studied, if to speak about historical and cultural interactions and routеs of the migration wave. This topic needs an objective and deep study based on a thorough analysis and systematization of available historiographical sources. Extreme paucity of publications dedicated to the funerary monuments correlated with Saki-Indo-Scythians and Yuezhi-Kushans in Northern India is one of the main problems. Funeral practices are among the most important indicators of the cultural interaction between different peoples and cultures. The main method of research is a comprehensive approach suggesting involving data from other sciences – epigraphic, numismatic and historical. The chronological framework of the study is from the II century BC, when Yuezhi and Saki began their massive migrations to the west ‒ to the III century AD, when the fall of the Kushan Empire occurred. In the process of migration, the Sakas and Yuezhi adapted to the cultures around them. Thus, part of the Sakas in Bactria adopted Zoroastrianism, burial mounds of the Yuezhi mostly contain products of local sedentary population. On the territory of Northern India, the Indo-Scythians and Kushans adopted the funerary traditions of the local Buddhist population – burning the dead and placing their ashes in special stupas with other relics. It is important to note that their assimilation took place gradually and even influenced the established funeral practice of Indo-Buddhist. For example, single bones and whole skeletons are sometimes found in stupas, and since the Indo-Scythian period, coins have been placed in stupas with other relics. In this regard, the revealing of new sources about the funerary monuments of Northern India is one of the promising directions.

Кафедра истории СССР Кабардинского государственного пединститута (конец 1940-х – 1957 г.): основные направления научных исследований

Based on archival documents and historiographic sources, the article defines the main directions of scientific research of teachers who worked at the Department of History of the USSR of the Kabardian Pedagogical Institute in the late 1940s–1957. The facts of the scientific biography of A.I. Pershits, V.A. Ryumin, V.P. Krikunov, I.F. Muzhev, A.I. Shchegolev, M.N. Krivushin, T.I. Agapova, R.H. Gugov, T.Kh. Kumykov related to this stage of their scientific and pedagogical ca-reer are presented. The article shows that one of the priority areas of scientific activity among the employees of the Department of USSR History in the period under review was the development of the key problems in the history of Kabarda. The article was written for the ninetieth anniversary of the Kabardino-Balkarian State University and is dedicated to the teachers who stood at the origins of historical science and historical education in the republic.

Cultural and educational work in the Red Army in the 1920s – June 1941: the late Soviet historiography of the problem (a brief historiographical review)

The researcher has revealed late Soviet historiography of the problem of cultural and educational work in the Workers and Peasants Red Army (Red Army) in the 1920s June 1941. Such a scientific task is solved in the format of a brief historiographical review. In this case, the late Soviet historiography refers to an array of Soviet historiographical sources published in the second half of the 1980s 1991, that is, during the so-called Gorbachevs perestroika. The author of this brief historiographical review proceeded from the fact that in the conditional historiographical period, the chronological framework of which is indicated above, a certain number of historiographical sources devoted to the history of the Red Army in the 1920s June 1941 appeared. They reflected, among other things, many aspects of cultural and educational work in the Red Army, which was an integral part of party-political work (moreover, with a relative degree of independence) that became, without a doubt, a unique phenomenon in Soviet military construction and construction of the Armed Forces of the young Soviet state. The authors selected, first of all, a set of historiographical sources having both direct and indirect relation to the topic of cultural and educational work in the Red Army in the 1920s June 1941. While working with them, the peculiar historical situation that developed in the USSR during Gorbachevs perestroika was taken into account. Then the general vector of historical development was built the movement towards the collapse of the USSR. And this circumstance left an indelible imprint on all historiographical sources, which reflect (to one degree or another) the problem being subjected to a brief historiographical review. Such historiographical sources today require comprehension and rethinking from the standpoint of new theoretical and methodological approaches that have established themselves in modern Russian historical science.

Asylum Ways of Seeing: Psychiatric Patients, American Thought and Culture. By Heather Murray

In many ways, “Asylum Ways of Seeing” by Heather Murray, is an extended riff on the term “asylum”—what it meant for psychiatry and for patients, and how this meaning changed over time. To explore this change in meaning, Murray employs a “history of emotions” framework and takes an overtly cultural and intellectual history approach to center the experiences of patients themselves. In this way, she argues not only that we need to try and understand the history of psychiatric institutions from the point of view of the people who were in them, but that there is a relationship between the way psychiatric patients made sense of their experience, and changes in institutional policy. This is an ambitious approach and requires Murray to draw on a broad array of archival and historiographical sources. This creates a tension for the book, because it is a difficult enterprise, and reveals some of the ethical and logistical issues in any attempt to take a “history from below” approach to psychiatry. How do we get at the patient experience, given the nature of archives and laws that (rightly) protect patient privacy? And how do we make sense of those records even if we do have access to them, given they are always so heavily mediated by the clinical encounter? To try and get around this problem, Murray draws largely on patient letters contained in state archives or in personal collections, and on the extensive body of work in the domain of patient narrative. While much can be gleaned from these sources, there is an important limitation born of the fact that the people with the resources to write and publish such a memoir are almost entirely white, and usually middle or upper class. This tends to skew the whole book towards that type of patient experience, and this causes a ripple effect throughout the book that Murray herself is aware of—the idealized perception of the asylum experience.

Heretics as devil’s servants. The construction of religious otherness in Silesian historiographical sources from the late Middle Ages

Since the times of St Augustine, the medieval society was firmly convinced about the connection between heresy and the devil, and heretics were often considered members of the civitatis diaboli. In the Silesian milieu, a similarly constructed religious identity can be more often encountered in the late Middle Ages, when the society was facing the threat of Hussitism. This was reflected in the works of contemporary chroniclers (e.g., Peter Eschenloer, Caspar Borgeni, Johannes Froben, etc.). The descriptions of heretics were created in accordance with the already existing Christian tradition and predominantly consisted of stereotypes and topoi associated with heresy. The paper focuses on the analysis of narrative strategies used by Silesian chroniclers and endeavours to explain how the image of heretics was created, with an emphasis on the role the devil played in these descriptions, therefore it analyses the relationship between heretics and the devil.

К вопросу о «партийном делении» поли­тической элиты Казанского ханства

Research objective: To analyze and verify the concept of “party division” of the political elite of the Kazan Khanate. Research materials: Historiographical sources, Russian chronicles, historical writings, diplomatic documents, etc. Research results and novelty: According to many researchers, political conflicts in the Kazan Khanate were caused by the struggle between the pro-Moscow and Eastern parties. One group of Kazan inhabitants focused on trade and economic ties with the Russian lands, and the other – with the Muslim world. The conflict of economic interests allegedly led to deep political contradictions, which served as a basis of the formation of the parties. However, as a result of this study, it was found that the semantics of the contents in the chronicles is not consistent with the concept of “party division”. The lengthy chronicle passages accompanying the descriptions of the events in the Moscow-Kazan relations were designed to show the negative qualities of the Kazan people (adulation and treachery), comparing them with the wicked peoples from the Bible. However, the researchers, applying the so-called rational approach to apologetic excursions, explained the “adulation” and “impiety” of the Kazan inhabitants as manifestations of party struggles. Not only that the concept of party division does not fit into the semantic aspect of chronicle reports, it is also faced with a number of logical contradictions arising from a comprehensive analysis of sources.

Patterns of pop

Although the images on the front of album covers contribute to a multimodal experience of popular music, they have up until now rarely been used as a historiographical source. This article aims to add this visual dimension to the historiography of popular music in the GDR by investigating visual patterns within a corpus of 105 album covers produced in the German Democratic Republic between 1964 and 1990 and by comparing them to Western album covers from the same period. Following a theoretical introduction, the political, economic and technological contexts of record production and album cover design in the GDR are described. Inspired by visual discourse analysis and social semiotics, a comparative corpus analysis approach focuses on the depiction of persons, settings and objects on the album covers as well as on their general visual design. The results suggest both a specific visual language that is peculiar to album covers in the GDR and an encompassing transnational imagery of popular music.

Historic Sites during the World War II in South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi as a Source of Historiography

The World War II in Indonesian territory at that time involved the Imperial Japanese Army against the military from the allies and was known later as “Theater of Pacific”. The massive military activities that took place in Indonesian territory during the World War II definitely left a lot of and varied material evidences. However, in fact, many of the material evidences from the World War II have been forgotten due to its dilapidated condition. One of the military operational areas where many evidences of the World War II can be found is South Konawe, precisely at Kendari II Airfield Site, which is now known as HLO Airfield (Halu Oleo Airfield). This research utilized archives and aerial photographs during the World War II combined with direct observation at the site and reconstruction efforts using excavated data. Based on the findings, it reveals the existence of the World War II remains at Kendari II Airfield area. It is also known that the condition of the most massive findings is located in the Japanese military administration and maintenance area during the World War II at Kendari II Airfield area. These remains can certainly be a source of historical writing of the Japanese Government Era in South Konawe.

Historiographical facts and historiographical sources in the study of the Paleolithic Era of the Crimean region

The subject of this publication is an analysis of the content and nature of the categories "historical source", "historiographical fact", "historiographical source" in relation to the problems of Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic studies of the Crimean region in the second half of the XIX - XX centuries. The research methodology is based on the complex application of key scientific principles: historicism, logical interrelation, objectivity, comparative historical approach, retrospection. The problem field and structure of the article includes: the specification of the conceptual and categorical tools for the historiographical study of the Stone Age of the Crimean region, the formulation of priority issues of the primitive archeology of the peninsula, as well as a comparative characterization of the corpus of relevant historiographical and historical sources. From the authors' point of view, a historiographical view of the phenomenon of the formation and development of regional primitive archaeology allows us to more accurately describe the process of its genesis, identify and characterize nominational directions in research, give biographical portraits of scientists and researchers of ancient history, identify social, organizational and scientific factors influencing the process of knowledge formation. In other words, the new role of historiography of archaeology, together with the cognitive capabilities of the history as a science, creates a favorable opportunity not only to study the history of Russian archaeological knowledge, but also contributes to clarifying the methodological foundations of this direction.

The Origins of Classicalization Publication and Perception of Academic Heritage of S.B. Veselovskiy

The research of how scientific works acquire the status of “classics” is an essential aspect of studying the actualization of ideas and approaches, their circulation in the academic field, as well as the current state of a scientific direction or discipline. Based on historiographical sources and documentation, this article analyzes the role of publication and perception of academic heritage of the famous historian, academician Stepan Borisovich Veselovskiy (1876–1952) in classification. In this research, the creation and activity of the Commission for the publication of Veselovskiy's papers are considered one of the key stages in the process of classicalization. The reasons for creating the Commission and its history, personal membership, and publishing plans based on documentation materials from the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) are studied. Also, the influence of Veselovskiy's literary heritage on the historiography of the late Soviet era is analyzed. The author considers the continuity of Veselovskiy's scientific views and research approaches on pre-Petrine Russia's history, the criticism of papers published both during his lifetime and posthumously. Special attention is paid to the influence of reviews on the classification of literary heritage. Further research prospects are highlighted, and it is assumed that the posthumous publication of Veselovskiy's academic works and their involvement in historiography created the basis for the classification of Veselovskiy's literary heritage in the late Soviet period.

Lucjan Dobroszycki (1925–1995) – zapomniany historyk (nie tylko) Zagłady

Lucjan Dobroszycki (1925–1995) – a Forgotten Historian (Not Only) of the Holocaust The article aims to sketch the biography of a person who significantly contributed to the development of research on the history of the occupation in Poland, including the Holocaust, and who is wrongly marginalized in the Polish reflection on the evolution of this discipline. The text is based on the analysis of broadly understood historiographic sources. I focus primarily on the following problems: Dobroszycki’s intellectual biography; theoretical frameworks of his scientific work; his input to research on World War II and the Holocaust; last but not least Dobroszycki’s role in Polish-Jewish scientific dialogue.

Methodological principles of studying the history of Kazakhstan in the soviet period

The article discusses the methodological foundations of the study of the history of Soviet Kazakhstan based on the analysis of historiographic sources. The opinions of historians on the theoretical and methodological basis on the problems of periodization of Russian history are analyzed. The author’s view on the name of the history of Soviet Kazakhstan is shown. The conclusions of scientists of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods on the problems of periodization of the history of Kazakhstan are revealed. The point of view of M.K. Kozybaeva, T. Omarbekova on the division of the history of Kazakhstan into eras and periods. The review is carried out on the model of periodization of Kh. Abzhanov, Z. Kinayatuly, Zh. Artykbaev. Describes the division by historians into periods and stages of individual problems in their study. The principles, methods and criteria necessary for studying the problems of periodization are analyzed. On this basis, the periods and stages of the history of Soviet Kazakhstan recommended by the author of the article are shown and characterized. The approaches to the study of the history of Soviet Kazakhstan and the current situation in science under the conditions of a totalitarian system are described. Determine the consequences of adherence to the Marxist-Leninist methodology, the class approach. Shows the requirements in the period of “thaw” and stagnation in society, the situation in science in the years of perestroika. Methodological approaches are considered in line with the revision of history, the formation of new historical knowledge. Concepts and approaches to studying the history of Soviet Kazakhstan and the rationality of their application are revealed. Key words: history of Soviet Kazakhstan, science, methodology, periodization, principles, period, stage, approach, research.

Spiritual and ideological foundations of nomadic statehood in historical studies

The article presents a historiographical analysis of the spiritual and ideological foundations of the nomadic state, which is a complex and internally structured political phenomena. Statehood is an indicator of the development and property of society, but at the same time it is also its ideology, political, social and cultural orientation, guiding the protection and development of the state. Modern historical thought is determined by new theoretical and conceptual approaches, the rejection of stereotypical views, taking into account alternative points of view and conceptual provisions. The analysis of the spiritual and ideological foundations of nomadic statehood is connected with the development of research principles, general historical processes, systemic approaches and new methodology. In the context of solving this problem, questions were raised and the main approaches were identified in solving further typological constructions of the theory of “nomadic statehood” on the basis of an interdisciplinary synthesis and civilizational discourse of modern historical science. An analysis of a large complex of historiographical sources shows that the mobility, dynamism of political processes in nomadic societies led to instability and mobility of the entire structure, and cardinal changes led to the transformation of the entire system as a whole. To increase the efficiency of theoretical and methodological research, it is necessary to continue studying the spiritual and ideological foundations of the institutions for managing nomadic structures, the integration of different types and models of power into a single imperial system. Key words: ideology, statehood, power, charisma, empire, nomads, scientific paradigms.