Problems Of Historiography Research Articles

Political parties of Russia in the early 20th century as a historiographical problem

Political parties of Russia in the early 20th century as a historiographical problem

Листи Яна Пайскера до Михайла Грушевського

The purpose of the study is to introduce into scientific circulation the letters of the Czech scholar Jan Peisker to Mykhailo Hrushevsky. The methodological basis of the study is an interdisciplinary approach. Such methods as structural and functional system analysis of historiographical facts and the method of critical analysis of documentary material have been particularly important in research implementation. Scientific novelty. For the first time an annotated edition of Peisker’s letters to Hrushevsky has been published. Result. In his letters, Peisker, reflecting on the «History of the Ukrainian people» by Hrushevsky, raises a number of important issues about studying the history of the Eastern Slavs that was the most discussed at that time. One of the notable features of these letters is the considerable admiration of the Czech scholar expressed for Hrushevsky. The letters include Peisker’s intentions to respond with a review to Hrushevsky’s work, as well as his questions about the possible German edition of the second volume of the «History of Ukraine-Rus». It should be noted that researchers of Hrushevsky’s scientific heritage have not known about the scholar’s review or Hrushevsky’s plans to publish the translation of a second volume so far. Therefore, Peisker’s letters urge us to study Western European historical periodicals in search of his possible review, as well as to stimulate a more detailed investigation of the problem of Hrushevsky’s creative plans in the pre-war decade. Hrushevsky’s critical approach to the work of his Czech colleague has been reconstructed. While acknowledging the significant erudition and research talent of Peisker, the Ukrainian historian reasonably rejected his hypothesis about the eternal enslavement of Slavic tribes by their Germanic and Turkic neighbours in the pre-state period. The study has concluded that the epistolary materials are very informative for elucidating a wide panorama of Hrushevsky’s perception by his colleagues at the end of the 19th – first third of the 20th century. As it has been evidenced by published documents, the letters of Western European historians to Hrushevsky often contain a variety of information, unknown from other sources, about his creative plans and the peculiarities of the discussion of topical historiographical problems. Therefore, the epistolary materials of intellectuals should occupy its important place among other historiographical sources.

The Two Ostrom Problem

This paper considers two distinct but interrelated historiographic problems that influence our perceptions of Elinor Ostrom’s contributions to economics. The first relates to the difficulties women face in dual-career partnerships which often impact their ability to establish independent academic careers and gain fair recognition for contributions to shared research programs. How Ostrom negotiated these challenges highlights the many and often hidden constraints professional women face. The second problem is how to gauge or weight the work of the Ostrom who was a multidisciplinary scholar of the commons with that of the Ostrom who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Exploring her trajectory in public choice over a half century makes apparent the remarkable force a Nobel Prize exerts on post-hoc appraisals of a career. What is different in the case of Ostrom is that as ‘the first woman to win the prize,’ the award has also served to obscure many of the gender-biased experiences and constraints that Ostrom shared with other women of her generation.

К вопросу о цивилизационном влиянии Зо­лотой Орды и Османской империи на русские княжества

Research objectives: To study sixteenth-century Russian society’s adoption of the traditions of the Golden Horde and Ottoman Empire in the field of autocratic governance, finance, military affairs, etc. Research materials were selected on the basis of their comparative nature. These are Russian chronicles along with Arabic, Turkish, Persian, and Chinese texts. Archaeological evidence has been used as well in the study. Results and novelty of the research: The question regarding the “principle of delayed action”, raised by Vernadsky, was the first objective of study. According to this principle, the Mongol influence had a major effect not during the period of Russian dependence on the Golden Horde, but even after the establishment of an independent state. Many historians have referred to this principle when explaining the origin of the Russian autocracy and other state institutions, such as the pomest’e. The main historiographical problem regarding this interpretation has been the lack of sources from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Sources, such as notes by foreigners, appear at the beginning of the sixteenth century, and these sources speak about the unlimited power of the great princes. Thus, the autocracy of the sixteenth century was generally considered to have been the result of Mongol influence. To begin with, the author investigated the question of the origin of pomest’e. He discovered the detailed similarities between Russian pomest’e and Turkish timar. He then established that Russian pomest’e and Russian censuses were copies of the Turkish timar and defter. Thus, borrowings from Turkish practices and a palpable Turkish influence were discovered. This Turkish influence supplanted the remnants of the Mongol influence, and the “principle of delayed action” has been demonstrated to be unfeasible. The author showed that the origin of the Russian autocracy was associated with the Turkish influence, and not with the Mongol one. However, the Russian military system was certainly borrowed from the Tatars and Mongols.

Figuras de cera para una historia moderna. Los maniquíes del Museo de Luján como símbolo de una época en transición (Buenos Aires, primera mitad del siglo XX)

El artículo examina las figuras de cera de tamaño natural, con rasgos fisonómicos y atuendo de otras épocas, que conformaban las “reconstrucciones de escenas objetivas” del Museo Histórico y Colonial de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, inaugurado en Luján en 1923. Proponemos recons­truir el contexto en el cual el Museo las incorporó, analizar la complejidad de estos artefactos como instrumentos museográficos, y determinar el impacto que generaron en el público dentro y fuera de la institución. Consideramos que estos objetos permiten observar al menos tres proble­mas historiográficos de mayor envergadura relacionados con la cultura material: la interacción de los sujetos con artefactos confeccionados para usos y propósitos diversos; los mecanismos me­diante los cuales los objetos mutan o acentúan sus significados primigenios dependiendo de las intenciones de los agentes que los interpelan en contextos específicos; la capacidad de los artefac­tos para recuperar experiencias sociales previas, captando expresiones y manifestaciones colecti­vas intangibles.

BLACK SEA COSSACK ARMY BETWEEN THE SOUTHERN BUG AND THE DNIESTER: HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE ISSUE

The article analyzes the historiography of the Black Sea troops during their stay in the BugDniester interfluves, which objectively can be divided into three main periods, each of which is characterized by its own "vision" and interpretation of the history of the Black Sea troops. So, for example, if the first period is characterized by an ambiguous attitude to the Ukrainian Cossacks: the idealization changes to openly biased approaches, which completely deny any constructivism in their history; the third period is characterized by a burst of interest in the history of the Black Sea troops on the interfluve territory, the identification of new archival documents and rethinking of previously known facts. The diversity of research allows, by comparing information and comparing facts in the works of different authors, to objectively cover the history of the army during its stay in the Bugo-Dniester interfluves area.By the beginning of the 20th century a certain tradition in the study of the history of the Black Sea troops was formed. Its main features were: the use of a narrow range of sources of official origin, absolutization of the role of the Russian Empire government in the history of the Black Sea troops. This is explained by the fact that a critical analysis of the government policy and activities of the local administration on the Cossacks was not possible for a number of objective reasons: the stay of this topic in the shadow of more topical historiographical problems, limited access to the source base.After 1917 studies of the history of the Black Sea Cossacks were transferred to the level of local history studies and for ideological reasons almost never took place. The next stage in the studying of the history of the army is connected with the second half of the 20th century. Among the most striking works of this period are the studies of V. Golobutsky and A. Bachinsky.Thanks to the use of archival materials, a significant part of which was first introduced into the scientific turnover A. Bachinsky enriched the factual basis of the history of the Black Sea Army Cossacks at that time, drawing attention to their relations with the Turkish Cossacks.Thus, during the second half of the twentieth century, the scope of research on the history of the Black Sea Army during its settlement in the Bugo-Dniester interfluvial was significantly expanded, new sources were used to study the socio-economic aspects of the Cossacks' situation during that period.So, investigating the stay of the Cossacks of the Black Sea troops on the territory of Bug-Dniester interfluves, historians passed a way from the scientific interest in the history of the south of Ukraine as a whole (in the first half of the XIX century) to the fundamental works on various aspects of social and economic history of irregular Cossack formation of the late XVIII century (at the end of the ХХ – at the beginning of the XXI century).

Geopolítica americana a escala global. El estrecho de Magallanes y su condición de “pasaje-mundo” en el siglo XVI

The article analyzes the classifications assigned to the Strait of Magellan in the political-territorial configuration of the New World during the sixteenth century and related global dynamics happening at the time. The text is divided into three parts. The first is a theoretical reading of the historiographic problems and the temporalities surrounding the discovery of the Strait, which led to its identification as a “world-passage.” The second examines the facts, actors and territorialities that consolidated it as a geopolitical reference point between 1520 and 1560. And, finally, the third studies the variations in its strategic importance in the period between 1560-1580, variations that reveal its role in delineating, synchronizing and speculating on a series of continental issues that affected simultaneously local and global spaces.

Soviet statistics as a historical source

The main purpose of the article is to identify capabilities of soviet statistics as a historical source. Basic information on this type of historical sources is represented. The article is concerned with a significant tradition of the soviet society studying. Research methods: comparative, logical, historical, analysis and synthesis, systematic, historical-genetic, method of historiographical image. Main results. The article describes a large toolkit for working with statistics: mathematical correction of censuses, research on falsifications and political pressure. A number of themes are considered including soviet statistics as mass historical source. The article reports on relevance and accessibility of soviet statistics nowadays. Concise conclusions. Ukrainian and foreign historians have created a large number of conceptual reviews of Soviet statistics. The author outlines some classification types of soviet statistics. It is specially noted on little-known aspects of soviet sources studying. Special attention is given to the verification of statistics of the USSR for authenticity and representativeness. Internet sites with open access to soviet statistics are considered. The paper studies leading concepts about changing the accounting of economic and demographic indicators of Soviet Union. Stalin era is described as main factor in the development of soviet statistics. The article reveals this concept and scrutinize it critique in historiography. Practical significance: recommended for use by authors of articles about the economic and the population history. Originality: the practical experience of scientific research and reference materials devoted to the features of statistical (mass) sources is generalized. Scientific novelty: the first of proposed the image of development soviet statistics with source problems in historiography. The formation of central and local statistic bodies in Ukrainian and foreign studies is described. The article reveals the main statistic sources and scrutinize their critique in historiography. Article type: descriptive.

La vida del jesuita Román Arto a través de sus escritos sobre su experiencia misional entre mataguayos y tobas

In the second half of the 18th century, the Jesuits took an active part in the evangelization of the Chaco, protecting reductions created for the defense of the scarce territory conquered by the Spanish. The indigenous resistance at times was implacable, but at the cost of the sacrifice of thousands of lives. The present work does not pretend to debate on the Jesuit writing as a historiographic problem, nor to delve into the biographical method and still less in the ethnographic character of the secondary protagonists since they are arduously treated subjects. We simply aspire to go through the life of a little-known missionary, through his memoirs written from exile, where he recounts the events he lived through between Mataguayos and Tobas. Moments with various vicissitudes that, despite an apologetic account, do not fail to make visible a constant disappointment at reforming a different culture, in an exhausting dedication for trying to recognize the other as an individual, in some way considered as opposed. Attempts that seem to be consoled and calm in the ostracism of exile.

Introduction of problem historical issues to young people in the comprehensive study of the history of Uzbek statehood

This article contains information on the issues of introducing the problem of historiography into the minds of young people in a comprehensive study of the history of the Uzbek statehood. The current tasks for a comprehensive, objective study of the history of Uzbekistan over the years of independence and the reforms carried out are summarized.

Study of Handwritten Albums in the National Science in the 19th — Early 21st Century

The article considers bibliography of study of Russian albums of the 19th — early 21th century. Development of Russian historiography of this topic was uneven. The author consistently describes three main stages in the study of handwritten album: response of contemporaries and public discussions of this phenomenon; the beginning of publication of album texts; introduction of albums to science. The article presents the main directions of academic research. The author considers domestic publications about Russian albums, starting from the first quarter of the 19th century through the beginning of the 21st century. The analysis of the literature on albums was carried out from the point of view of the author’s area of interests (study of the history of autograph albums, their typology and functions), the nature and scope of the objects studied, the main tasks of these works and their methodological principles. The main problem in historiography is development of typology of handwritten albums. The choice of typology as the main subject of analysis is explained by the fact that in general this phenomenon of Russian culture of the late 18th — first quarter of the 20th century was not studied systematically. The author notes that in order to create the full picture of Russian album culture, it is necessary, first of all, to build the typological system. The result of the author’s research is the complete review of publications on Russian handwritten albums published from 1820 to 2016. The author highlights the main typological principles of albums that are typical for different approaches, research schools and directions of study. The article notes that many issues have not been considered until the present moment. The approach to album as a source of history of individual writing and sociocultural behaviour is beyond the study, while the comprehensive analysis of Russian album, writing and signature in it is one of the promising directions of research of the culture of everyday life of the 18th — 20th centuries. The general conclusion of the article focuses on the absence of universal typology in historiography, which the author suggests to present in the following works.

Ahí me van a matar: Cultura, violencia y Guerra Fría en Costa Rica (1979–1990)

Ahí me van a matar: Cultura, violencia y Guerra Fría en Costa Rica (1979–1990)

Pemikiran Muhammad bin Sulaiman bin Saad Al-Kafiyaji dalam Bidang Sejarah: Studi Historiografi dan Filologi Terhadap Kitab Al-Mukhtas A-R Al-Mufid Fi Ilmi Al-Tarikh Abad ke-15 M

Al-Kafiyaji was a popular folk teacher of his time and he also mastered quite a number of scientific branches and wrote many works especially in the field of history namely the book of Mukhtasar al-MufId fi Ilmi al-Tarikh. The purpose of this study aims to determine the biography and thoughts of al-Kafiyaji in the field of history based on the book of Mukhtasar al-Mufid fi Ilmi al-Tarikh. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, namely by collecting data through literature and documentation. The data analysis technique is done by the heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography methods. Based on this study it was concluded that: first, Muhammad bin Sulaiman bin Saad bin Mas'ud al-Rumi Muhyiddin Abu Abdillah al-Kafiyaji al-Barumi al-Hanafi was born around 788H / 1386/7 AD in the Anatolian Caucasus region located in the Asian region of Asia small and died in Egypt, and took the education world from the land of Sham to Egypt and produced many many works especially in the field of history. Secondly, in the field of history or Tarikh he has written the work entitled Mukhtasar al-Mufid fi Ilmi al-Tarikh. In this book, al-Kafiyaji examines the principles of historiography, the basics and the problems of historiography and the virtues of experts and sciences. He also investigated the date, from the definition based on language, custom, and terminology, to the history of the Tarikh. This book discusses the goals and conditions that must be possessed by someone who will write history.

Tenth-Century Monastic Reform as a Historiographical Problem

This article discusses the state of the art on monastic reforms in the long tenth-century Frankish kingdoms and the analytic problems inherent to reform terminology. It argues that the emendatory undertone, the idea of renewal and the institutional connotation of the term ‘reform’ seem to be at odds with the tenth-century sources on the variegated interventions in religious communities. Furthermore, the difficulties scholars encounter in pinpointing the chronology and ideology of this ‘reform movement’ indicates another flaw of this paradigm. The author therefore proposes three major adjustments to render the term ‘reform’ a meaning that is both well-defined and applicable. First, the concept of reform is only practical when used in an active sense, to denote a sweeping intervention which profoundly altered a monastery’s network, observance, temporalities or internal organization. Second, the paradigm can only be meaningful on the micro-level of an individual institution. Third, the study of ‘reforms’ should always be part of a comprehensive analysis of interactions and patronship between an abbey and its noble and ecclesiastical connections. Lastly, this article offers a new approach to tenth-century monasticism, which focuses more on agency of both the community and the regional powerbrokers involved in monastic patronage.

Legal regulation of agricultural credit on the Ukrainian lands of the Russian Empire in the second half of XIX – beginning XX centuries as a historiographical problem

Legal regulation of agricultural credit on the Ukrainian lands of the Russian Empire in the second half of XIX – beginning XX centuries as a historiographical problem

A “Constituição dos Atenienses” de Pseudo-Xenofonte

A Constituição dos Atenienses é uma pequena obra acerca da politeia de Atenas e das condições que permitem que a democracia permaneça em Atenas como forma de gerenciar a vida da polis. Esta obra representa um problema filológico e historiográfico, porque, embora esteja no corpus das obras de Xenofonte, ela é considerada obra de outro autor, conhecido como Pseudo-Xenofonte ou “Velho Oligarca”. Trata-se de um pamphlet de orientação oligárquica que apresenta Atenas como um mundo ao contrário, em que os piores comandam e os melhores são como escravizados pela multidão ignorante.

НЕВІДОМА ПРАЦЯ 20-Х РОКІВ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ З ІСТОРІОГРАФІЇ ПИСАНКАРСТВА

Автором оприлюднюються матеріали з історіографії українського писанкарства кінця ХІХ – 20-х рр. ХХ ст., підготовлені С. Шамраєвим. Дослідник намагається проаналізувати найбільш відомі видання М. Сумцова, С. Кулжинського, М. Кордуби, В. Ястребова, М. Валуйка, И. Беньковського, Р. Тірелова та інших, що надруковані в Україні та за її межами. На початку роботи автор зазначає, що ще до 20-х років ХХ ст. виявлена література про писанки складається з невеликих заміток, які згадують про існування писанок та відзначають потребу їх дослідження. Для їх огляду ним використовувався «хронологічно-бібліографічний метод» у поєднанні з намаганням показати, як підходили до висвітлення того чи іншого питання різні дослідники писанок. С. Шамраїв розпочав своє дослідження літератури з авторів, які висвітлювали походження писанок; вказує, яких поглядів вони дотримувалися та зазначає, що загалом існує два: перший, який більш науково доведений і пов’язаний з язичницьким культом яйця, а – другий з християнством, яке використало символіку у своїх інтересах. Автор розглянув і питання самого виготовлення писанок, коли це робили, в який час, які інструменти, фарби використовували, які існують технології оздоблення тощо. Не оминув він й питання висвітлення дослідниками орнаментації писанок, їх походження, зокрема і класифікації, наводячи запропоновані розробки з цього питання Венкеля, Сумцова, Кордуби, Кульжинського та інших учених. Зазначаючи, що загалом усі розробки можна розділити на три напрямки. Метою статті є публікація архівного першоджерела та ознайомлення із ним широкого загалу науковців. У ході роботи було використано методи пошуку, систематизації, аналізу отриманих даних. Опрацювання Наукового архіву Інституту археології НАН України та інших джерел, дало можливість автору констатувати, що проблематика історіографії писанкарства розроблялася у 20-х рр. ХХ ст. різними дослідниками, є досить різноплановою, потребує належного опрацювання і введення до наукового обігу.

ГУМАНІТАРНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО КОМІТЕТУ В ГЕНЕРАЛЬНІЙ ГУБЕРНІЇ: ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ

One of the unexplored and ambiguous questions about the history of Ukraine during World War ІІ is the activity of the only legal establishment of Ukrainians under the Nazi occupation regime – Ukrainian Central Committee (UCC). Scientific interest in the place of the designated organization in the context of that time social and cultural processes in Western Ukrainian lands actualizes the importance of comprehending and analyzing the accumulated historical knowledge about it. The article investigates the completeness of the study and the representation of the problem in historiography, identifying two periods of its scientific development. Attention is focused on the key trends, thematic aspects, specific results of the researches of scientists of UCC activities in the humanitarian sphere at each stage of the historiographic process. The specificity of reflection of the subject in the historical literature is traced: from factual materials of encyclopedic editions and historical-memoir publications to studies of social and political history of Ukraine, monographs, dissertations and scientific articles, educational editions that directly or indirectly cover the cultural, educational, charitable and sports activities of the UCC. Historiographic analysis convincingly proves a significant progress in the study of the problem at the latest stage through the intensification of source and archeographic studies that improve the heuristic work in the specified direction, contribute to the emergence of specialized publications of modern Ukrainian historians dedicated to finding out the place of the UCC in the revival of the national, cultural and sports life of Ukrainians in the 1940s. The features of coverage of the problem in contemporary foreign historiography, in which the leading place belongs to Polish historical thought, are revealed. Emphasis is placed on its historical and political orientation and prejudgment. It is revealed that in terms of personal dimension of the research of the work of the UCC, an important role is played by scientific understanding of the activity of his head – Volodymyr Kubiyovych.

STATE APPARATUS AND LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ON UKRAINIAN LANDS AS A PART OF THE RUSSIAN AND AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE: HISTORIOGRAPHIC-PRESENT

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of historiography of historical and legal research in independent Ukraine. This aspect of the history of law and the state in Ukraine has been in the process of formation these days. Historical and legal studies of the state apparatus and local self-government bodies of the Russian and Austrian Empires (since 1867 - the Austro-Hungarian empires) have been selected by subject area. Legal and historiographic analysis of the achievements of Ukrainian science on this issue has been carried out for the first time. Summary of the main research results. This period was one of the most difficult in the history of our country. In both cases, the imperial authorities sought to assimilate Ukrainian people, deprive them of their identity and cultural identity, as well as legal traditions. Ukrainian national statehood was abolished by the cultural-national and political-legal offensive of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth century. On the one hand, in these extremely difficult conditions of oppression and violent acculturation pressure, the task of preserving cultural and legal identity was fulfilled, on the other hand, after the Great reforms of the 1860s-1870s, a more effective state apparatus was formed than before, which relatively successfully performed its tasks in the new historical conditions of the Ukrainian national revolution of 1917-1921. Based on the above, historical and legal studies of these periods and problems have significant scientific relevance. Ukrainian science of the history of the state and law after the collapse of the USSR and the restoration of independent Ukrainian statehood, faced the task of moving away from ideological and class stereotypes, the transition to methodological pluralism. In general, leading Ukrainian scientists have successfully coped with this task. Conclusions. Along with the deideologized and modernized historical-materialist (Marxist) method in accordance with modern conditions, culturological and civilizational method, genetically close to it, began to be increasingly used. The application of the functional theory of the origin and development of state authorities was particularly successful, which led to a stronger analysis of law enforcement activities. This was a factor in the spread of sociological and legal understanding of law in domestic historical and legal research, analysis of social causes of law-making and social consequences of the application of law, i.e. historical and legal study of the social depth of legal and state institutions.

«ЕСЛИ ЧЕЛОВЕК РАВНОДУШЕН К ПАМЯТНИКАМ ИСТОРИИ СВОЕЙ СТРАНЫ, ЗНАЧИТ, ОН РАВНОДУШЕН К СВОЕЙ СТРАНЕ»: ИСТОРИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНОГО АКТИВИЗМА В ПОЗДНЕСОВЕТСКИЙ ПЕРИОД

This article is dedicated to the problem of historiography of historical and cultural activism in Late Soviet period. In the article there is a short review of Local Lore movement formation in USSR. Also, the main directions of research on the study of historical and cultural activism in Soviet, Russian and Western historical science are presented.