History Of Struggle Research Articles

The Privilege of Art

The Privilege of Art

The Kenmure Street protests: A community against the state

Including the rent strikes of 1915 and the Battle of George Square in 1919, Glasgow has a long history of struggle and resistance, but by 2020 it had been some decades since the city had come together in such a show of solidarity. On 13 May 2021, however, the people of Kenmure Street, Pollokshields, in the Southside of Glasgow, found themselves united in struggle against a brutal and oppressive arm of the state. The multicultural community had been almost torn apart in 2004 following the brutal murder of 15-year-old Kriss Donald, though the death eventually brought people together and a new community was forged. This spirit was central to an impressive victory for the working class that went beyond race, religion and identity. Through a range of newspaper articles and four non-structured interviews, this oral history article explores the community spirit and organisation in the lead-up to the events that transpired on Kenmure Street, and the impact this peaceful protest has had at a local and national level.

Drawing on historical struggle to face today’s challenges: A course for RMT young workers

This article provides an account of the RMT Young Members course held at the Marx Memorial Library and Workers’ School in April 2022, with an outline of the thinking behind its design and how this was put into practice. The importance of integrating historical and theoretical perspectives in a course dealing with practical, day-to-day trade union and industrial issues is underlined.

Nilai-Nilai Filosofi Ornamen Di Pura Dalem Segara Madhu Desa Jagaraga Kecamatan Sawan Kabupaten Buleleng

One of the parts that can be the hallmark of a temple is the carved ornaments. Ornaments in sacred buildings, especially temples, of course contain very deep philosophical values. In general, ornaments at temples, especially Dalem Temple, are related to wayang reliefs, reliefs that tell about the final journey of humans and so on. This is different from the ornaments found in Pura Dalem Segara Madhu. the uniqueness of Pura Dalem Segara Madhu Jagaraga Village can be seen in the reliefs located on the walls of the temple's penyengker. The relief depicts the history of Balinese people against Dutch colonialism. There are also reliefs depicting ships being attacked by sea monsters, people driving cars and so on. The uniqueness of the ornaments owned by Pura Dalem Segara Madhu Jagaraga Village is an interesting thing to study regarding the philosophical values contained therein. In general, this study aims to understand the value of Hindu philosophy in ornaments at Pura Dalem Segara Madhu, Jagaraga Village, Sawan District, Buleleng Regency. This type of research is qualitative using descriptive qualitative methods and data collection techniques using observation, interviews, literature and documentation. The results of the study regarding this matter are that all the reliefs contained in Pura Dalem Segara Madhu Jagaraga have a connection with one another regarding the struggles of the Jagaraga Village community. This reaffirms that this temple is not only related to the spiritual life of the people, but also related to the history of the people's struggle which is the spirit of social life.

On Listening and Telling Anew: Possibilities for Archaeologies of Survivance

AbstractArchaeologists increasingly use Gerald Vizenor's concept of survivance in research on colonial‐era Indigenous histories. However, these studies tend to situate survivance within the realm of archaeological interpretation, with less attention paid to the concept's broader intellectual tradition or implications for archaeological practice. In this article, we argue that deeper engagement with survivance scholarship stands to alter the process and product of materials‐based Indigenous histories. We discuss four definitions of survivance—as histories of struggle and success, as practice, as situated response to settler colonialism, and as storytelling—highlighting how the concept may reframe or expand existing archaeologies of colonialism. We conclude with a case study drawn from our work with the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde. It traces the creative reexpression of historic foodways within the Grand Ronde community during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in northwestern Oregon. Archaeologies of survivance have the potential to reposition archaeologists and their Indigenous research partners as listeners to the survivance stories composed, lived, and told by historic Indigenous communities.

Beyond Miracle: Event, Idea and Organization in the Political Thought of Alain Badiou

ABSTRACT This article aims to provide a response to the critique of the idea of the ‘event’ that forms the backbone of Alain Badiou’s studies. Accordingly, it argues that Badiou’s event is based on a materialist foundation and that this foundation should be considered together with the concept of ‘Idea’ and ‘organisation.’ It focuses on how the idea of the event, interwoven with the concept of Idea and organisation, can provide a way to change the order of the world or eliminate the established order. Thus, it is argued that the centrality of the concept of event in Badiou’s thought gains importance with the Idea and organisation, and it is stated that it is not possible to consider the event independently of historical struggles. At this point, the main problem of this article takes shape: What is the relationship between the concept of the event and social struggles? In this direction, the main argument of the article is that the concept of the event in Badiou’s thought does not have a miraculous or supernatural dimension, but that, on the contrary, this concept acquires a concrete meaning when it is related to social and historical riots and the communist Idea.

Commentary

Commentary

Cultural Capital: Reflections from a Latin Americanist

<i>Cultural Capital</i>: Reflections from a Latin Americanist

Interpreting spatial struggles in the historical record: Indigenous urbanism and erasure in 20th-century Mexico

This article explores a historical struggle for a right to the city in Oaxaca, Mexico, when a mostly Indigenous-run street market resisted an elite-led urban renewal campaign centered on removing the market from city center. Bringing this case of Indigenous urbanism from Latin America in conversation with work on Indigenous productions of space and the settler colonial city mainly produced in Anglophone contexts, it demonstrates the utility of concepts central to settler colonial theory “dispossession and erasure” for the Latin American urban context. It does so through an exploration of the possibilities and limitations of discourse analysis as an interpretive strategy for uncovering the racial dynamics of such socio-spatial struggles using state archives in Mexico during a time period for which racial identifiers were rarely used. The article shows the dispossession of Indigenous lands and lifeways as not only foundational to the colonial city but also ongoing, produced through different mechanisms in different historical moments. At the same time, by foregrounding an Indigenous struggle against peripheralization and erasure, the project is shown to be perpetually incomplete.

In Search of Liberty: African American Internationalism in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World ed. by Ronald Angelo Johnson and Ousmane K. Power-Greene, and; Beacons of Liberty: International Free Soil and the Fight for Racial Justice in Antebellum America by Elena K. Abbott

Reviewed by: In Search of Liberty: African American Internationalism in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World ed. by Ronald Angelo Johnson and Ousmane K. Power-Greene, and; Beacons of Liberty: International Free Soil and the Fight for Racial Justice in Antebellum America by Elena K. Abbott Stephanie J. Richmond (bio) In Search of Liberty: African American Internationalism in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World. Edited by Ronald Angelo Johnson and Ousmane K. Power-Greene. ( Athens: University of George Press, 2021. Pp. 326. Cloth, $114.95; paper, $39.95.) Beacons of Liberty: International Free Soil and the Fight for Racial Justice in Antebellum America. By Elena K. Abbott. ( New York: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. 304. Cloth, $89.99; paper, $29.99.) In the last decade, scholars have well documented the international history of the African American freedom struggle. Historians have chronicled the journeys of Black freedom fighters around the Atlantic world and explored how their connections shaped their activism. In two recently published books, the authors expand our understanding of how African American activists positioned themselves and the spaces they chose to inhabit in the context of their work for freedom and equality. Ronald Angelo Johnson and Ousmane K. Power-Greene's collection of essays, In Search of Liberty, brings together scholars to weave a portrait of a vibrant and geographically diverse Black Atlantic. Organized geographically, the volume succeeds in recentering the transnational experience of Africans and African Americans as key to their freedom struggles. Elena K. Abbott, in her book Beacons of Liberty, examines one particular thread [End Page 112] of the international freedom struggle: the quest for free soil. In tracing the debates over and meanings of territories and colonies founded without slavery, Abbott brings the debate over free soil out of the American Midwest and into the larger conversation about freedom and slavery in the Atlantic. Both books fill important gaps in the historiography of the freedom struggle. In Search of Liberty is a collection of eleven essays that center internationalism in African American activism and intellectualism. Each section has particular strengths. The three essays on North America take us to the fringes of English-speaking North America, from Nova Scotia to Texas and Mexico. In particular, Thomas Mareite's essay on freedom seekers in Mexico is accessible and explains an often overlooked route on the Underground Railroad. Moving across the Atlantic to Africa, the essays in the next section spend a significant amount of time in Liberia and Sierra Leone, but Marcus Bruce's essay on missions in the Congo Free State brings a much-needed, new look at freedom struggles in post-slave-trade West Africa. The section on the Caribbean also stays close to some well-trodden ground with colonization schemes and the impact of Frederick Douglass and Haitian independence, but the three essays are solid contributions and highlight that the Caribbean was indeed international in context and in its position in African American thought. The final section, on Europe, is the one that does not hold up to the standards of the previous contributions. In particular, Pia Wiegmink's essay on African American women in Europe ignores a substantial body of scholarship on Black women's international travels. Angela F. Murphy's essay on abolitionists in Ireland is stronger but far too brief and focuses mainly on Frederick Douglass. Together, the eleven essays in the volume reveal the importance of international movement to the development of African American freedom philosophies. Elena K. Abbott's Beacons of Liberty examines the impact of free-soil havens outside the United States on the American antislavery movement. By examining the ways in which antislavery and Black newspapers reported on communities of self-emancipated and free people of African descent in Canada, the Caribbean, and West Africa, Abbott challenges the current historiography of both the Underground Railroad and abolitionism to look critically at the ways in which abolitionists and Black freedom seekers used international free soil to fight slavery in the United States. Studies of Black emigration from the United States have, to date, mainly focused on emigration to Africa or Europe. Abbott reminds us that the vast majority of African American emigrants settled just outside the United States' borders...

New Structure Implementation for Foreign Policy Analysis of States

Nowadays, there are loads of various ways to the study of international relations and the foreign policy of states, but the problem of structural analysis of the foreign policy of world leaders remains open. This problem solvation becomes in demand when there is a transformation in the balance of power in the international arena. Since ancient times, every powerful state has sought to expand its sphere of influence and establish itself as a hegemon. The study of foreign policy projects proposed or imposed by a Big Player helps to evaluate the effectiveness of the tools and predict the likely outcome. Russia has a long history of geopolitical struggle for a place among the globe powers. This work offers a new toolkit for the study of foreign policy activity — from the ideological level to practical implementation. As a part of the example, the author formed the Pax-model of modern China and showed the Pax-models of Russia during different historical periods.

Corruption in Mexico and Vaccine Refusal

Mexico has a history of power struggles and a culture of bad governance. Corruption in Mexico is deeply rooted and very difficult to deal with. This culture is fully supported by most politicians and people in various sectors. Mexico is trapped in a long-term case of corruption that has become a political system normalized by its citizens. This article explores the dynamics of corruption cases in Latin America. This article explains the level of corruption, the type of corruption, and its causes. Corruption continues to run rampant because people live in accordance with it. The best solution to overcome this problem is to overthrow the regime. Mexico’s anti-corruption law has been ineffective. Furthermore, high corruption has built distrust in society, which makes the refusal of the COVID-19 vaccine.&#x0D; Keywords: corruption, Mexico, culture, Latin America

Odds on Erasure: The Status of the Novel on the Receding Horizon of Democracy

AbstractLiterary sociology’s recent turn to contemporary publishing has brought renewed attention to Percival Everett’s acclaimed novel, Erasure (2001), which satirizes late twentieth-century media and publishing culture and raises concerns about the status of the literary novel. An episode in which literary-prize jurors cast their votes suggests the novel’s engagement with the discourse of democracy as well. This essay sets Everett’s novel in dialogue with the historian James Kloppenberg’s recent monumental study, Toward Democracy (2016). In contrast to literary sociology, which generally inflects its critical assessments with uncontroversial conceptions of democracy that rarely extend beyond egalitarian pluralism, Kloppenberg presents his work not merely as a history of centuries-long struggles with democratic practices but as a plea that we regard democracy as a conceptual and ethical horizon. Its entailments go far beyond popular sovereignty and participatory action. They include principles of autonomy and equality as well as premises of deliberation, pluralism, and reciprocity. Kloppenberg’s insistence on the relevance of these conditions dovetails with Everett’s narrative of—or implicit demand for—the relevance of aesthetic conditions that give rise to the same autonomous literary art that his fictional protagonist and Everett himself ordinarily write.[Erasure’s realism] makes visible a world populated with liberal democratic institutions that enjoy many degrees of separation from a neoliberal media and publishing world afflicted with unreality hunger.

The History of PGRI's Struggle to Achieve the Educational Goals of the Indonesian Nation

As prospective educators or teachers, of course, we need to know the history of the struggle of teachers to achieve the goals of Indonesian National Education. Law no. 14 of 2005 concerning teachers and lecturers in article 1, paragraph 1, that teachers are professional educators with the main task of educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, assessing, and evaluating students. Teachers are needed as professional educational staff who are indispensable in achieving the goals of the Indonesian nation, namely educating the nation's life and developing the whole person based on the preamble of the 1945 Constitution. The purpose of this research is to find out the history of the struggle of PGRI to achieve the goals of Indonesian education. The method used in this research is historical, through a literature review in the form of books and journals. To achieve the educational goals of the Indonesian nation, teachers have an organization as a gathering place for teachers or academic staff to work together, namely PGRI. PGRI was formed from an indigenous teacher struggle organization during the Dutch era, founded in 1912, called the Dutch East Indies Teachers Association (PGHB). One hundred days after the reading of the proclamation of Indonesia, namely on 24-25 November 1945 in Surakarta, an Indonesian Teachers' Congress was held, which became the forerunner of the Indonesian Teachers' Association (PGRI). PGRI always seeks to obtain, maintain, strengthen, and defend the rights of individuals, community members, citizens, and educators. The formation of PGRI is the result of the hard work of Indonesian teachers.

The History of PGRI's Struggle to Achieve the Educational Goals of the Indonesian Nation

Introduction: As prospective educators or teachers, of course, we need to know the history of the struggle of teachers to achieve the goals of Indonesian National Education. Law no. 14 of 2005 concerning teachers and lecturers in article 1, paragraph 1, that teachers are professional educators with the main task of educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, assessing, and evaluating students. Teachers are needed as professional educational staff who are indispensable in achieving the goals of the Indonesian nation, namely educating the nation's life and developing the whole person based on the preamble of the 1945 Constitution. The purpose of this research is to find out the history of the struggle of PGRI to achieve the goals of Indonesian education. Method: The method used in this research is historical, through a literature review in the form of books and journals. Result: To achieve the educational goals of the Indonesian nation, teachers have an organization as a gathering place for teachers or academic staff to work together, namely PGRI. PGRI was formed from an indigenous teacher struggle organization during the Dutch era, founded in 1912, called the Dutch East Indies Teachers Association (PGHB). One hundred days after the reading of the proclamation of Indonesia, namely on 24-25 November 1945 in Surakarta, an Indonesian Teachers' Congress was held, which became the forerunner of the Indonesian Teachers' Association (PGRI). Conclusion: PGRI always seeks to obtain, maintain, strengthen, and defend the rights of individuals, community members, citizens, and educators. The formation of PGRI is the result of the hard work of Indonesian teachers.

Dakwah Rasulallah dalam Bimbingan Wahyu Ilahi

This study describes the strategies and characteristics of the Prophet's da'wah which are inseparable from the history of the Prophet's struggle. Rasulullah SAW's da'wah which lasted for a short 23 years. Da'wah Rasulullah is always under the guidance of the revelations revealed to him. This study will analyze the strategies and characteristics of the Prophet's da'wah. This research method is a qualitative research method with two approaches at once, namely historical and sociological approaches. The research data was taken from various literature related to research problems. The results of the study revealed that the missionary strategy of Rasulullah SAW was always guided by Allah since he was first sent by Allah to become an apostle. These strategies include the stages of da'wah namely; Preaching by stealth, Da'wah openly by word of mouth; Da'wah openly uses war as a way of jihad if the kuffar attack; Da'wah openly by carrying out open warfare for anyone who blocks the path of da'wah. Da'wah in secret, Da'wah openly by using only verbal.

USO DA TÉCNICA DAS CONSTELAÇÕES FAMILIARES COMO RESOLUÇÃO PRECEDENTE DE CONFLITO NOS CASOS QUE ENVOLVAM A LEI MARIA DA PENHA

The present work has as a premise to present succinct explanations about the application of the so-called Technique of Family Constellation, as an antecedent resolution of conflict, in cases involving Law 11.340/2006, known as Maria da Penha Law, which aims to punish agents who commit domestic and family violence against women. Therefore, it was adopted as a comparative basis for the preparation of this research, the interpretation of Resolution nº 125/2010 of the National Council of Justice - CNJ, as well as the Code of Civil Procedure and Law 9,099/95, so that these norms use the so-called alternative means of conflict resolution, among them, the so-called Family Constellation Technique, in order to bring a new perspective, in the search for a culture of peace. Although the use of the holistic technique incites increasing rates of extra-procedural agreements in the perspective of unburdening the judiciary and promoting the union of the family entity, it ends up ignoring countless historical struggles of the feminist movement as well as the prominence of the Maria da Penha Law. in support of women who have been victims of domestic and family violence. The present research was developed through the hypothetical deductive method, with the use of the bibliography selected for the elaboration of the same, such as the national legislation, as well as doctrinal and jurisprudential positions, emanating from jurisdictional bodies.

Legal Legality Ir. Soekarno in the City of Ende and the History of the Birth of Pancasila

In Indonesian history, there are many heroes known. National history proves that every time and age gave birth to Indonesian heroes. One of them was Ir Soekarno, who the Indonesian people called the father of the proclaimer. The history of Ir Soekarno's struggle to liberate the Indonesian state from Dutch colonialism was also inseparable from periods of exile in various places. The implementation method used is observation or direct observation at the Bung Karno historical site. The method of carrying out the research was carried out by direct observation, interviews with historical sources and actors, documentation at the Bung Karno exile house and Bung Karno's Pancasila contemplation garden. This research is actually dedicated to remembering the history of Bung Karno's struggle in formulating and sparking the basis and philosophy of life for the Indonesian nation, namely formulating the noble values of Pancasila under the breadfruit tree, and reflecting deeply on the foundations of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia which is called Pancasila.

Major accidents: more than a concept, a history of struggle that must be updated

Resumo Os eventos definidos como acidentes ampliados surgem com o próprio processo de industrialização, assim como junto ao desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias de produção, tornando-se mais complexos neste início de século XXI. O objetivo deste ensaio foi apresentar e contextualizar a formulação de um conceito que buscou integrar os temas relacionados à segurança e saúde dos trabalhadores com os de saúde ambiental, bem como as lutas que envolviam os trabalhadores e o processo de democratização no país, em um cenário de divisão internacional do trabalho, riscos e benefícios. Considerando os acidentes e desastres ocorridos nos anos 1980 do século XX e, também, os recentes, envolvendo barragens de mineração, derrames de petróleo e uma usina nuclear de Fukushima, são apontados cenários mais complexos e novos desafios para enfrentamento desta questão no século XXI. Para além das disfunções dos sistemas tecnológicos e organizacionais encontradas, a intensificação das vulnerabilidades institucionais, somada às vulnerabilidades produzidas pelas desigualdades sociais, potencializam ocorrências e agravam os efeitos dos acidentes, ampliados para além de suas fronteiras espaciais e temporais, afetando sobretudo países do Sul Global. Conclui-se que os eventos recentes constituem expressões sistêmicas, indo além das disfunções organizacionais e revelando camadas mais profundas de sistemas organizacionais e sociotécnicos, como as que forjam a economia global e suas profundas assimetrias.

Acidentes ampliados - mais do que um conceito, uma história de luta que precisa ser atualizada

Abstract Events defined as major accidents emerged with the very industrialization process and alongside the development of new production technologies, becoming more complex in the early 21st century. This essay aimed to describe and contextualize the formulation of a concept that has sought to integrate topics related to workers’ safety and health with those of environmental health, workers’ struggles, and the democratization process in Brazil in a scenario of international division of labor, risks, and benefits. Considering the accidents and disasters in the 1980s and the more recent ones involving mine tailings dams, oil spills, and the Fukushima nuclear power plant, the authors identify more complex scenarios and new challenges for tackling this issue in the 21st century. Beyond dysfunctions in technological and organizational systems, the intensification of institutional vulnerabilities, added to the vulnerabilities produced by social inequalities, fuel the occurrence of major accidents and aggravate their effects, which, by being amplified beyond their spatial and temporal boundaries, especially affect countries in the Global South. We conclude that the recent events represent systemic expressions beyond organizational dysfunctions, revealing deeper layers of organizational and sociotechnical systems such as those forging the global economy and its profound asymmetries.