Understanding Of History Research Articles

Elaine Goodale Eastman’s Yellow Star as Counter-Narrative for American Indian History-Telling

AbstractIn 1911, Elaine Goodale Eastman, longtime editor of writing by her husband, Indigenous writer Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa), published Yellow Star, a narrative for white family audiences. Both the Eastmans’ already-troubled marriage and their parenting of mixed-race children illuminate the text, as does their history of linked authorial experiences. Anticipating twenty-first-century battles over competing historical narratives about Indigenous peoples in school curricula and public discourse, Yellow Star’s depiction of history-in-the-making underscores intersections between the domestic and the public, as well as between communal lived experience and larger social issues. The text simultaneously claims a potential role for young people’s literature in the cultural construction of historical understanding. Eastman’s main character, Stella/Yellow Star, arrives in a fictional New England village as an orphan of the Wounded Knee Massacre. Determined to continue valuing her Indigenous community, Stella models both a particular brand of assimilation and resistance to its would-be totalizing power. Before returning west to teach children of her tribe, she also articulates an alternative historical voice. Yellow Star draws on Eastman’s background as a white woman involved in assimilationist education. Progressive in her commitment to on-reservation learning rather than boarding schools, Goodale Eastman was nonetheless implicated in white culture’s racial hierarchies.

Comparative Perspectives; Mainstream Economics and Political Economy

The fields of political economy and mainstream economics are essential because they provide opposing viewpoints on economic theory and policy formulation. The focus of mainstream economics is on individual rationality and market efficiency, but political economy adds depth to our understanding by integrating institutional dynamics and socio-political contexts into economic analysis. Crafting comprehensive economic policies that strike a balance between equity and efficiency is crucial for promoting sustainable development and improving global societal welfare. This requires integrating insights from both fields. This paper aims to Compare the Mainstream Economics and Political Economy Perspectives. The results found that the comparative analysis of political economy and mainstream economics advances economic theory and policy-making by highlighting the limitations of market-centric approaches and advocating for a broader consideration of institutional structures and historical contexts. This approach underscores the importance of integrating insights from both disciplines to develop more effective economic policies that address both efficiency and equity concerns while promoting sustainable development and societal well-being on a global scale. In conclusion, the comparison of mainstream economics and political economy highlights the need to go beyond purely market-driven approaches. Policymakers can better address economic challenges with a comprehensive approach that balances efficiency, equity, and sustainability by integrating insights from both disciplines. This will ensure that policies are firmly rooted in strong institutional frameworks and historical understanding to improve societal welfare on a global scale.

Николай Минский — исследователь и переводчик Гомера: история советского издания «Илиады» (ГИХЛ, 1935 г.) и сопроводительные материалы к нему

The information for this publication comes from archival documents from the fund of A.V. Lunacharsky (Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, Moscow). These documents were prepared by N.M. Minsky (1855/1856–1937) as accompanying materials for the publication of his own (fifth) translation of the Iliad in the Soviet State Publishing House (Gosizdat). Minsky had sent these materials to Lunacharsky in 1929. The materials comprise four parts: 1) the history of the “Homeric question”; 2) the idea of the Iliad; 3) the translation of the Iliad; and 4) the latest foreign literature on the Homeric question. However, due to ideological reasons, Gosizdat banned the publication of these materials. In the “Literary Fact,” they are published and commented on for the first time. Minsky’s materials lack a strictly historical understanding of the Iliad. He searches for meanings relevant to man fin de siècle in Homer’s poem. In his early article “The Idea of the Iliad” (1896), Minsky interprets the image of Achilles in the spirit of the cult of the “superman” by F. Nietzsche. However, the horrors of the First World War convinced Minsky of the insolvency of this cult, which was reflected in the “modern mystery” “Faces of War” (1815). In the accompanying materials of 1929, Minsky emphasizes the Iliad’s humanistic pathos. He appreciates the ability of Homer’s characters to be compassionate and merciful. By 1929, Minsky’s understanding of the idea of the Iliad had changed significantly. In his opinion, the Iliad is a poem in which “Greece forever dissociated itself from barbarism and took the first step towards the future union of all mankind.”

Earthen Architecture in Nordic Countries: Future Directions

Abstract Throughout prehistory, earthen architecture has played a pivotal role in establishing a sustainable and easily maintainable built environment, showcasing humanity's capacity to design and construct intricate structures using eco-friendly and cost-effective materials. This special issue underscores the enduring significance of earthen architecture in our historical and contemporary understanding of sustainable building practices.

The peace movement and politics in Germany — the original ideas and self-awareness of peace advocates in both German states

The article presents an attempt at historical understanding of the experience gained by a united Germany, extracted from the idea of peace, both at the state and at the public level, with its own German characteristics — East and West Germany. The evangelical churches in the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic perceived the nuclear threat as a casus confessionis and led the fight against it.

Plague, Foucault, Camus

In January 1975, Michel Foucault contemplated the nature and formation of what in subsequent years he would come to know as governmentality. For Foucault, plague marks the rise of the invention of positive technologies of power, where these relations center around inclusion, multiplication, and security, rather than exclusion, negation, and rejection. In a point that might at first seem ancillary to his central argument, Foucault comments on stylized works about plague, such as those, according to the lecture series’ editors, exemplified by Albert Camus. In footnote fifteen of the January 15, 1975 lecture, in reference to what Foucault deemed the “literary dream of” plagues, the editors list Camus’ 1947 novel La Peste, among other works, as representative of what Foucault described as “a kind of orgiastic dream in which plague is the moment when individuals come apart and when the law is forgotten.”. This article places Camus’ novel and other works in conversation with Foucault on governmentality, subjectivation, and truth to demonstrate the ways in which individualism itself can be viewed biopolitically. In so doing, it offers an urgent intervention that speaks powerfully to and is exemplified by the current global pandemic. Plague serves both as this literary dream and as a discursive mechanism engaged simultaneously with regimes of truth and the individuals constructing them. By pairing Foucault’s historical understanding of the invention of positive technologies of power with Camus’ treatment of “the absurd” in and out of the plague context, one uncovers the interrelation of governmentality, subjectivation, and truth.

LGBTQA+ allies and activism: past, present and future perspectives

ABSTRACT As homophobia, transphobia and biphobia continue to permeate local and global contexts, the role of allies has been recognized as beneficial in supporting equity for LGBTQI+ communities. The concept of LGBTQA+ allyship has also been controversial, with some stakeholders disagreeing about who is an ally and what this role entails. In the academic literature, there is also a scarcity of knowledge examining the interrelation between LGBTQA+ allyship and activism. This paper focuses on deepening historical and cultural understandings regarding the nexus betweenLGBTQA+ allyship and activism. Underpinned by queer, trans, feminist and intersectional lenses, the paper delineates the LGBTQA+ ally movement and the importance of moving beyond reductionist paradigms to adopt a systemic approach to inclusion, especially in school communities. The paper unpacks diverse definitions of allyship, from those associated with mobilizing the power and privilege of straight, cisgender individuals, to the concept of allyship which includes resilient leadership within LGBTQA+ communities, as well as those, which negotiate and transform fixed and reductive boundaries of gender and sexuality. Recommendations are made for developing LGBTQA+ ally intersectional programmes, characterized by collaborative, expansive and affirmative work.

Dialektis Gademer

<p>Hans-Georg Gadamer is one of the thinkers who falls into the group of ontological hermeneutics. Gadamer matured the idea of consciousness, interpretation of texts and phenomena and discovered the philosophical problem of developing an ontology of understanding objectively in progress. Hermeneutics is always related to language. Gadamer stated that language is the modus operandi of humans' way of being in the world and a form that seems to embrace the entire constitution of the world. For Gadamer, language is time, human existence, being, and truth. Mastery of a language and its unique set of experiences and traditions is the main requirement for the disclosure of ontology itself. The important point of Gadamer's hermeneutic theory refers to the hermeneutic circle regarding dialectical understanding. Dialectical understanding is a process of historical awareness, born due to the involvement of the dimensions of time, namely past, present and future. Truth is achieved when there is a fusion of the horizons of the text, actors and interpreters (fusion horizon). In this understanding, the involvement of language becomes very important. Interpretation is not just reproductive work but rather productive understanding, giving birth to new interpretations and meanings. Gadamer formulated two forms of understanding, namely understanding the truth content and understanding the intention. Understanding content means understanding the meaning contained in the propositions and substance of the text material. Understanding intention means understanding the conditions or situations behind a phenomenon or text. Understanding this second aspect then became Gadamer's attention as an awareness of historical understanding. Historical understanding is obtained through the proposition of historicity, where the awareness of the subject (text interpreter) in carrying out analysis (text interpretation) is required to be inseparable from the study of historical experiences related to the text. Understanding the text is understanding history with the principles of space and time).</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>:</strong> Gademer, Dialectics, Hermeneutics, Understanding.</p>

Can Primary Source Evidence Skills be Improved by using Virtual Field Trip Learning Resources?

The development of historical thinking skills, one must analyze historical event evidence. A thorough, reliable, and trustworthy grasp of history will be created through a variety of historical sources. In order to construct historical narratives, one has to be able to find, recognize, evaluate, interpret, and generalize information from primary source material. In order to fully fulfill this potential, educators must create effective ways. Due to this, the purpose of this study is to (1) explain the value of using original sources to support historical understanding and (2) find ways to use Virtual Field Trip media to help students use primary sources to support their historical learning. A literature review is employed to obtain the answers to the stated research questions. Literature reviews that were pertinent to the issue under study were used to gather research data. The interactive model developed by Miles and Huberman for data analysis included data gathering, data reduction, data display, and conclusion-making. The study's major results point out that (1) using primary source evidence effectively is crucial for developing historical understanding and (2) using virtual field trip media effectively helps students develop higher-order thinking skills, including the ability to use primary sources effectively. According to the conclusions, this article advises teachers to employ learning resources that provide students with hands-on experience.

Disenchantment, Re-enchantment, Magic, and Vestigial Mythologies

Abstract This essay interacts with the call for papers for the “Magic and Mischief: Text and Practices in Philosophy, Theology, and the Sciences” conference. It is a self-reflection on the theoretical frameworks and definitions guiding projects of reflection and theorising. Breaking the discourse of religion, theology, and science, as well as that of science and magic, down into its discourse-components to get at the speech acts performed, it shows the mythmaking inherent in particular historical understandings of religion and magic, and religion, magic, and science. By performing a kind of archaeology of discourse one gets to see the social, cultural, and political character of the discourse work. And thus, a study of discourse being a site for analysing social formations, the myths of Enlightenment, secularisation, and disenchantment become avenues for understanding the political and socially formative, and the culturally definitive, character of those acts we prefer to call thinking about religion.

Beyond Walls: Redefining Church Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic, through Autoethnographic Reflections

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted a paradigm shift in religious practices, necessitating the reimagining of traditional congregational gatherings. This study delved into this transformation by employing autoethnography as a methodological lens to explore the re-definition of the church within the context of the pandemic. Focusing on personal experiences, observations, and reflections, this research navigated the terrain of virtual worship spaces and the accompanying spiritual yearning that emerged during the COVID-19 era. This study shed light on how the researcher grappled with the re-defined concept of “church.” It investigated the theological implications of congregational dispersion and virtual connectedness. The findings of this study revealed that COVID-19 led to the redefinition of “church” and the reframing of faith within the context of unprecedented circumstances. The study’s core revelation revolved around the dynamic adaptability of faith when faced with adversity. This introspective reflection showcased the profound re-evaluation of what constitutes “church,” the renewed understanding of faith’s essence, and the recalibration of its practical application. Church is better experienced even in unprecedented times if it is understood as space rather than place. Therefore, the study recommends that churches constantly interrogate their theological stances of what the Church really means. The revisiting of scripture and understanding the historic practices and understanding of the church has implications for how the 21st-century church operates and applies its theological teachings. Keywords: Autoethnography, COVID-19 Pandemic, Virtual Worship, Church Redefinition, Religious Practices

Penggunaan Teknologi Unity Dalam Pembuatan Gim Edukasi Sejarah: Pertempuran 10 November 1945

The development of technology in learning has opened up new opportunities to improve historical understanding through innovative approaches. In this context, this research focuses on the use of Unity technology in the development of an educational game that explores the events of the Battle of November 10, 1945 in Surabaya. This research aims to design and implement an educational game that is interactive and deepens understanding of the historical event. Researchers utilized the Unity development platform to create a near-native environment and provide a fun learning experience. The method used is Interactive Digital Narratives (IDN). The result of this research is an educational narrative-based game the history of the Battle of November 10, 1945.

Stewardship and everyday governance: Managing materialities in a south‐eastern village community, Estonia

AbstractThis article examines landscape stewardship from the perspective of landscape biography and focuses on different outcomes on how individual and collective stewardship connected to local place attachment and historic understandings are leveraged as local knowledge in sustaining locally important landscapes. The analysis is based on semi‐structured interviews with local people and active residents in three neighbouring villages of south‐eastern Estonia. Particular attention is paid to their place attachment and self‐actualisation in landscape materialities, such as housing, village centre, water bodies and village borders. To bring the diverse types of knowledge connected to landscape stewardship to the forefront, the study suggests careful differentiation between neo‐endogenous community governance and place‐based wisdom of local stakeholders. This differentiation indicates that stewardship should be identified as a micro‐policy term that is oriented towards a collective platform of the information exchange for local capacity building. This would lead to multiple and resilient place‐based know‐how related to territories, political networks and associated land use discourses.

The Contexts, Paradoxes, and Rewards of Multidisciplinary Teaching

In the Fall of 2021 we co-taught a graduate seminar that launched a year long Mellon Sawyer series. In this essay, we reflect on the contexts, paradoxes and processes that informed our multidisciplinary collaboration teaching a Sawyer Seminar on Race, Migration and White Supremacy in California. We believed that it was vital to being with the migration experiences of Native Americans from rural areas to urban California. We sought to position American Indian migration histories as foundational to cultural and historical understandings of migration to California. Our account of our pedagogical practices details the rewards and realities of collaborative teaching at a public research university. We identify the paradoxes and tensions that we encountered as we developed a syllabus that did not simply "add and stir" different methodologies, histories or fields, but instead, synthesized theoretical and pedagogical across film, art and media studies, history and sociology.

Unveiling the Hidden Secrets of Bomarzo Cathedral: New Evidence from Last Ground-Penetrating Radar Survey

The Bomarzo Cathedral, also known as the Duomo di Bomarzo, is a remarkable historical and architectural masterpiece situated in Bomarzo (VT), Italy. Constructed in the 16th century under the sponsorship of the Orsini family, the cathedral’s design is a harmonious blend of Renaissance and Baroque styles. Despite enduring numerous challenges, including damage from the Italian Wars, extensive restoration efforts were undertaken to preserve its cultural legacy. Driven by a deep appreciation of the cathedral’s historical context, a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) investigation was deployed to gain insights into its foundations and potentially uncover buried remains beneath the floor and altar. The GPR investigation focused on the cathedral’s interior, specifically the central and left naves, altar, and oratory. This revealed the presence of disclosed rectangular chambers beneath the floor and altar, along with unique foundation structures. These findings, coupled with historical insights and architectural understanding, emphasize the cathedral’s cultural importance.

Regional Mobilities, Technology and the Status of Myth in Africa

This article tracks my intellectual journey in trying to understand the role played by craft specializations before the colonial era in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), which is the area where I come from. I do this by a comparative look at how craft specializations happened in other parts of the African continent, an approach prompted by the absence of older written or documentary sources on KwaZulu-Natal, prior to the advent of European colonialism. A key finding of the research is that the cultural and ritual repertoires of craft specialists reveal conceptual domains of expertise that are derived from intra-African regional dynamics. This contrasts with the colonial belief that implied that notions of expertise were as a result of European or Asian human contacts. In looking at craft guilds, I am interested in how ritual, technological skill and the mastery of certain musical/creative acts played a part in the formation of regional blocs in ancient Africa. Such a historical understanding may be crucial to our present-day understanding of emergent processes of regionalization and identity formation.

(Un)making labor invisible: A syllabus.

From industrial psychology and occupational therapy to the laboratory bench and scenes of "heroic" fieldwork, there are important connections between the science of labor and the labor of science. Participants in the 2022 Gordon Cain Conference explored how greater attention to these connections might deepen historical understanding of what constitutes "science" and what counts as "labor." Our conversations circled around themes of vulnerability (of systems, individual bodies, historical testimony), affect (pertaining to historical actors and ourselves), and interdependence (e.g. across human groups, species, political boundaries, and time). For the members of this group, which grew out of a panel discussion, these themes and motivations coalesced around a topical focus on invisibility, which helped us to articulate - in the form of a co-created syllabus - research questions about science and labor from multiple angles pertaining to practice, archival preservation, and scholarly representation. This syllabus is organized into six thematic modules that aim to challenge and historicize the concept of invisible labor by facilitating comparisons across geographic, temporal, conceptual, and disciplinary boundaries. The goals of this collaborative syllabus, in sum, are manifold: we seek to facilitate more inclusive histories of science through critical engagement with "invisibility" and thereby promote a more expansive understanding of what constitutes scientific labor; to highlight the constitutive role of gendered labor practices in the scientific enterprise; to draw attention to interdependencies that make all forms of production (knowledge or material) possible; to elucidate systems of remuneration for scientific labor over the longue durée and through pointed comparisons; and, finally, to promote self-reflexivity about the methods we use to narrate the history of science and make sense of our own labors.

The Golden Age of Islam and Its Impact on European Technology: A Historical Analysis

This study explores the profound influence of the Islamic Golden Age on the technological advancements in Medieval Europe. It investigates how the innovations and knowledge from the Islamic world, particularly between the 8th and 14th centuries, were transferred to and assimilated within European societies, thereby playing a pivotal role in shaping the technological landscape of Europe. The primary aim is to delineate the extent of Islamic contributions to European technology, addressing the historical narrative that often overlooks these influences. This research seeks to bridge the gap in historical understanding and acknowledge the intercultural exchanges that have significantly impacted the development of technology. Employing a historical-analytical method, the study analyzes primary and secondary sources, including historical texts, scientific manuscripts, and archaeological findings. This approach facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the technological exchanges between the Islamic world and Europe. Key findings reveal that various technological innovations, such as advancements in mathematics, astronomy, engineering, and medicine, originated from the Islamic world and were instrumental in European technological progress. The study highlights specific instances of knowledge transfer, such as through the translation movement in Al-Andalus and the Crusades, which introduced Europe to a wealth of Islamic scholarly works and inventions. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing the Islamic Golden Age's contributions to European technology, challenging the Eurocentric view of history and science. This research contributes to a more inclusive historical narrative and underscores the value of intercultural knowledge exchange in technological advancement.

Elizabeth Gaskell: An overlooked political economist and proto theorist in the field of industrial relations

AbstractThis polemical essay argues that Victorian novelist Elizabeth Gaskell, and her novels North and South, and Mary Barton, portray her as an overlooked, early political economist. The objective of the paper is three‐fold: (1) to dismantle taken‐for‐granted truth claims that Alan Fox is the preeminent thinker on pluralistic forms of employee engagement (2) encourage further development and enlargement of the field and what constitutes its history, and (3) to argue for the recognition of Elizabeth Gaskell as an early political economist. Guiding this exploration is the question: How do we also make sense of Fox’s privileged situatedness in scholarship and the absence of potential early theorists like Gaskell? The paper adopts a feminist reading and polemical writing to engage in feminist critical historiography. The author draws on audience theory to help readers reorient themselves to Gaskell and to help see her as an overlooked political economist. Feminism is conceptually presented as ontology, epistemology, method, and style of writing. Despite the ongoing credit Alan Fox receives as first theorizing the frames of reference and pluralistic forms of engagement starting in the 1960s, Elizabeth Gaskell was contemplating and critiquing the employment relationship starting in the 1850s. She not only provided a rich historical understanding of the inequalities of class and wealth, but her ideas and insights remain unacknowledged in industrial relations scholarship. The paper offers a unique feminist perspective on Elizabeth Gaskell and makes the case that she is neglected early political economist. Further, the paper makes a link between the world of Victorian era fiction as historical understanding of early capitalist society and demonstrates how ideas are taken up by the field in unconscious and unjust ways.

Cultural Appropriation in Historical Context: Native Americans in Firearms Advertising

The long standing appropriation of Native American culture for promotional purposes has received ample criticism from tribal members, Indigenous advocates, professional organizations, and scholars. Mounting disapproval has pressured private companies and public institutions to curtail these practices in the United States. This article expands historical understanding of these contested representation by analyzing the advertising of three major firearms manufacturers – Savage, Remington, and Winchester – and a few other gun sellers who have periodically exploited American Indian images and language from the late nineteenth century until the present day. These depictions, their historical context, and their macromarketing implications are critically examined. Also discussed are intersections with U.S. gun culture, study limitations, and opportunities for further research on Native American appropriation globally.