Historical Tourism Research Articles

Time Series Analysis and Neural Network Optimization of Tourist Destination Heat Prediction Model

Accurate prediction of tourist destination heat is significant for effectively managing tourist flow in the tourism industry. However, forecasting the temperature of a tourist destination is challenging, and various factors, like weather conditions, influence it. In this study, we proposed a novel hybrid strategy using time series analysis and neural network optimization to predict tourist destination heat accurately. The study commences with collecting historical tourist visitation data, weather records, and other information. Then, the raw database was preprocessed to make the data effective and reliable for subsequent analysis. Further, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) technique was employed as a time series analysis technique, capturing and identifying the database's underlying patterns and correlations. Consequently, a Fire Hawk Optimizer-based Dense Recurrent Neural Network (FHO-DRNN) was developed and trained using the ARIMA outcomes to predict the tourist destination heat. The proposed framework was implemented in the MATLAB software, and the results are examined in terms of accuracy, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and computational time. Furthermore, we compared the existing predictive models to validate the proposed model's effectiveness in forecasting tourist destination heat.

Analisis Potensi Equator Park Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Di Desa Jeruji Besar

Equator Park Jeruju Besar is a new educational tourist attraction located in Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan. This location is located in Karya Bhakti Hamlet, Jeruju Besar Village, Sungai Kakap District, which has great potential in introducing the outside world to tourism, especially about mangrove and mangrove tourism. This area has been established for two years and is still being developed for mangrove and mangrove tourism. The development potential of this place is very large because of its strategic location and not far from the city center. Apart from improving tourism facilities in the Kubu Raya area, improving and improving the quality of existing tourist destinations is also important because this will have an impact on improving the standard of living of the local community. Ecotourism is an environmentally friendly tourism concept that can minimize adverse impacts on the natural, social, cultural and livelihoods of local communities. The concepts of village tourism and ecotourism have similarities in terms of preservation, consolidation and community involvement for the sake of long-term tourism expansion. The Equator Park area in Jeruju Besar Village improves the economic, social and cultural conditions around this tourist community area. The development of the Equator Park area in Jeruju Besar Village was developed with community participation, as an effort to empower and increase human potential, especially young people. The plan to expand the Jeruju Equatorial Park area is in collaboration with Karang Taruna to build paths, gazebos and gates in the Jeruju Equatorial Park area. This area has superior potential for development, such as culinary tourism, historical tourism and accommodation. Tourism potential in Jeruju Besar Village must be developed in a way that is environmentally, socially, culturally and friendly to the lives of local communities. The development of the Equator Park area in Jeruju Besar Village will be one of the choices for tourists visiting Kubu Raya Regency. This research aims to analyze the regional potential of Equator Park Tourism in Jeruju Besar Village, Sungai Kakap District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach involving field surveys, in-depth interviews, observations and document analysis. Focusing on aspects such as tourist attraction, infrastructure, accessibility and local economic potential, this research groups the factors that influence the development and marketing of these tourist destinations. The results of the analysis provide insight into the potential and challenges faced by Equator Park Jeruju Besar as well as recommendations for increasing the use of tourism potential to support local economic development.

Analisis Potensi Equator Park Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Di Desa Jeruju Besar

Equator Park Jeruju Besar is a new educational tourist attraction located in Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan. This location is located in Karya Bhakti Hamlet, Jeruju Besar Village, Sungai Kakap District, which has great potential in introducing the outside world to tourism, especially about mangrove and mangrove tourism. This area has been established for two years and is still being developed for mangrove and mangrove tourism. The development potential of this place is very large because of its strategic location and not far from the city center. Apart from improving tourism facilities in the Kubu Raya area, improving and improving the quality of existing tourist destinations is also important because this will have an impact on improving the standard of living of the local community. Ecotourism is an environmentally friendly tourism concept that can minimize adverse impacts on the natural, social, cultural and livelihoods of local communities. The concepts of village tourism and ecotourism have similarities in terms of preservation, consolidation and community involvement for the sake of long-term tourism expansion. The Equator Park area in Jeruju Besar Village improves the economic, social and cultural conditions around this tourist community area. The development of the Equator Park area in Jeruju Besar Village was developed with community participation, as an effort to empower and increase human potential, especially young people. The plan to expand the Jeruju Equatorial Park area is in collaboration with Karang Taruna to build paths, gazebos and gates in the Jeruju Equatorial Park area. This area has superior potential for development, such as culinary tourism, historical tourism and accommodation. Tourism potential in Jeruju Besar Village must be developed in a way that is environmentally, socially, culturally and friendly to the lives of local communities. The development of the Equator Park area in Jeruju Besar Village will be one of the choices for tourists visiting Kubu Raya Regency. This research aims to analyze the regional potential of Equator Park Tourism in Jeruju Besar Village, Sungai Kakap District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach involving field surveys, in-depth interviews, observations and document analysis. Focusing on aspects such as tourist attraction, infrastructure, accessibility and local economic potential, this research groups the factors that influence the development and marketing of these tourist destinations. The results of the analysis provide insight into the potential and challenges faced by Equator Park Jeruju Besar as well as recommendations for increasing the use of tourism potential to support local economic development.

Frequent Misdiagnosis of Scabies as Eczema in China: A Descriptive Study of 23 Cases.

To outline the clinical manifestations observed in patients with scabies misdiagnosed as generalized eczema, analyse the factors contributing to these misdiagnoses and explore potential reasons for the resurgence of scabies. A retrospective analysis was performed to investigate the patients with scabies misdiagnosed as generalized eczema. We included 23 patients, with twelve (52.17%) being male and eleven (47.83%) female. The illness duration ranged from 0.5 to 7 months. Among all patients, 12 (52.17%) were residents of nursing homes, 5 (21.74%) were staff members of these facilities, 4 (17.39%) were caregivers of long-term hospitalized relatives, 1 (4.35%) was a construction worker, and 1 (4.35%) had a history of tourism. The rash predominantly affected the trunk and extremities, 12 patients (52.17%) are each involved the perineum and fingers webbings. The presentations included erythema, papules, and nodules. The main complaint of all patients was nocturnal itch. Under direct microscopy, 5 patients (21.74%) tested positive for scabies mites, and 3 (13.04%) showed histopathological features consistent with scabies. All patients were initially misdiagnosed with generalized eczema. Over half of all patients diagnosed with scabies either resided or worked in long-term care facilities. The lack of awareness of scabies among medical staff in long-term care facilities readily led to frequent misdiagnosis. Comprehensive measures should be implemented urgently to strengthen disease management.

The holy city of holidays: Seven theses on the touristification of Spain

This paper analyses the notion of the ‘city of holidays’ in Spain by means of seven theses. Analysed as a transhistorical construction, valid to narrate the cultural history of modern tourism, the ‘city of vacations’ represents the symbiosis of a constructive model, a nationalist and religious imaginary, and an urban device of patrimonial origin. This construction defines the Spanish tourist paradigm, seen in the long-term, as it constitutes a recurrent- and mutant- fantasy that accompanies the economic and social Modernity associated with tourist development. Although the triumph of the Francoist Spanish vacation model is celebrated in the sixties, it has a much earlier genealogy, which takes us back to the foundational imaginaries of national-Catholicism and its ceremonial places. Born from the romantic discourses of the Restoration, linked to the neo-Catholic sanctuaries, the ‘city of vacations’ reemerges after the Civil War as a central part of the patrimonial discourse of the new Regime. There, the accumulation of capital at the base of the so-called ‘tourist miracle’ comes directly from the violence of Franco’s repression, including slave labour. At the same time, this model responds to the new economic logics of the Cold War framework, where the ecological and environmental cost of this urban model of development, based on itinerancy and mass-circulation, is dissolved. The celebration of the contemporary identity of today’s Spain as a global tourist power is carried out at the expense of this violent genealogy, even though such an identity is probably unsustainable in the eco-energetic and social horizon to which we are collectively heading.

“The Range of the Future”: An outline of the development history of ski tourism in the Western Bieszczady Mountains in the 1930s

In the early 1930s, the Western Bieszczady Mountains were yet to become a popular destination for skiing. However, thanks to the efforts of tourist and skiing organisations, attempts were made to promote the area as an attractive place for skiing tourists. This was done through cooperation with the railway and offers of special discounts for skiers who were members of organisations such as the Polish Ski Association (Polski Związek Narciarski), as well as the organisation of skiing holidays and stays.

Pengelolaan Pengembangan Objek Wisata Sejarah Benteng Marlborough di Kota Bengkulu

This examination is spurred by the not exactly ideal administration of the authentic vacation spot Post Marlborough in the city of Bengkulu. This exploration utilizes graphic subjective examination. The point of this examination is to decide the administration of the advancement of the authentic vacation spot Post Marlborough in the city of Bengkulu. The aftereffects of the examination show that: the management of the historical tourism development of Fort Marlborough in the city of Bengkulu using the "POAC" approach, namely planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, has been running optimally, meaning that management is carried out using a collaborative approach process (Collaboration Planning in Coastal Tourism development), coordinating every source. human resources in the tourism office to work in accordance with their respective fields and carry out outreach with the community, as well as work with the Region VII cultural preservation center in management. So you can optimize inspections directly or via online media to monitor all activities.

Development of GWIDO: An Augmented Reality-based Mobile Application for Historical Tourism

This research aimed to design and reconstruct a business model for an augmented reality (AR) camera mobile application for historical tourism at Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon. The goal was to utilize AR technology to provide an immersive and informative experience for tourists. The research addressed several main problems, including navigation and historical information through object tracking, by implementing an online application with features such as Indonesian and English language instructions to better serve domestic and foreign tourists. The research also aimed to investigate the benefits of using AR technology for object tracking and navigation and to explore how these aspects could be related to creating a formula that supports each other in addressing the formulated problems. Through the development of the GWIDO application, a positive impact on the development of historical tourist attractions was observed. This can be seen from the usefulness of its features such as AR navigation, which can be used as a virtual guide. The data collected was used to design and reconstruct the business model, which was implemented and tested to collect additional data for analysis. The final results of the research showed that the AR camera mobile application was effective in providing an immersive and informative experience for tourists. The redesigned business model improved the utilization of AR technology in the tourism industry. Based on the test results, the average response time for object distance between 0.1 meters to 0.5 meters was between 1.45 to 2.07 seconds, and the average time for object distance from visitors was between 3.15 to 4.71 seconds with a confidence level of 95%. Meanwhile, testing for navigation features using augmented reality is very dependent on the internet signal used on the user's device. The level of accuracy of objects that have been placed at certain coordinates is determined by how well the internet network performs, allowing objects to appear precisely according to their coordinates.

Past Niche Tourism: The First Chapter of Mountain Tourism in South Africa

Mountain tourism enjoys a long history in many countries, much of which is unrecorded. This paper addresses one dimension of the neglected past of recreation and tourism in the Global South. The focus is on the development of mountain tourism as a form of niche tourism in South Africa. The paper contributes to the limited international historical scholarship on niche tourism. In addition, it extends the literature in South African tourism scholarship on tourism’s past, tourism history and the historical geographies of tourism. Using the limited extant literature and with primary archival sources the early development of mountain tourism in South Africa is investigated. The time period covered is from the mid-19th century to the early 1950s. Arguably, the initial origins of mountain tourism in South Africa must be situated at Table Mountain in Cape Town. The focus shifts subsequently to the growth of mountain tourism in the high Drakensberg range. Although mountain tourism is dominated by domestic visitors it is argued that the South African Railways played a vital role in exposing South Africa — and especially the Drakensberg — as a potential destination for international mountain tourists.

Pariwisata Keagamaan di Indonesia: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis dan Analisis Bibliometrik

This study was conducted to analyze scientific trends on religious tourism in Indonesia through a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer. Based on the data search results using the keywords "religious tourism" and "Indonesia" for publications from 2018 to 2022, after data filtering, a total of 566 articles were obtained. The data search results for the last five years show that publications in the field of religious tourism in Indonesia increased from 2018 to 2020, but there was a decline since then. The development of publications in the field of religious tourism in Indonesia from 2018 to 2020 saw an increase, but since 2021, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease in publications. From the network visualization results, it was revealed that each cluster contains dominant topics linked to several items in other clusters. Meanwhile, the overlay visualization results showed that topics about "tomb" and "historical tourism" are new research topics, while "tourism object" and "natural tourism" are topics that have been researched for a long time. The density visualization results also revealed that topics such as sharia tourism, historical tourism, and religious tourism village are topics with low density and intensity, thus providing opportunities to be explored as research topics.
 Keywords: religious tourism, systematic literature review, bibliometrics

Accessibility of Urban Tourism in Historical Areas: Analysis of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Safranbolu

Expansion of cities with population growth leads to the differentiation of urban texture, negatively affecting the accessibility of tourism areas in historical regions. For this reason, there is a need to develop tourism areas that enable people to experience the areas of historical heritage. Sustainable urban development, which is also the theory of the study, has become an agenda for the protection and revitalization of historical areas in order to increase accessibility to tourism. The Safranbolu Protected Area, which is one of the oldest settlements with its traditional housing texture and which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites List in Turkey, was chosen as the study area. In this study, the aim is to examine the accessibility of historical tourism centers, analyze the spatial configuration of the street texture in the city of Karabük and determine the features of the formation mechanism of the Safranbolu historical region. The research questions are based on the impact of (1) the accessibility of the street network on the formation mechanism of the urban architecture and (2) the shaping of urban tourism areas in historical cities. The space syntax method was used to examine the relationship between the building features of the Safranbolu Urban Protected Area and the formation features of the space. Within the scope of the study, the accessibility of the Safranbolu historical center was examined through the street texture that shapes the city form using data from Open Street Map. Segment and axial analyses were made based on the current street network data of the city. The key findings of the research revealed that the accessibility level of the city’s street network was practically effective in shaping the Safranbolu Urban Protected Area. It was theoretically found that the streets with a high global integration value in the city have an impact on the shaping of traditional architecture and constitute important routes for tourism in sustainable development. The findings serve as a reference for researchers in sustainable development, urban planners and local governments who will use it to test the methodology for understanding the street layout of the historical area and improving the experiential characteristics of the users.

The Influence of Promotion and Service Quality on Satisfaction and Its Impact on Tourist Loyalty in Historical Tourism Objects

Purpose: This study aims to determine whether promotion and service quality influence satisfaction and Impact tourist loyalty to South Sumatra Province's historical attractions. Theoretical Framework: This unique blend of historical significance and ongoing cultural relevance holds the potential to evolve into a scheduled tourist destination and stimulate the development of a vibrant village community around the temple. Methods: This type of research is associative. The sample in this study were tourists at historical attractions in the province of South Sumatra, especially the Bala Putra Dewa Museum and Ayu Temple, which amounted to 220 people. This study uses primary data. Results and Conclusion: The study results show a significant positive effect of promotion on tourist satisfaction at historical attractions in South Sumatra Province. Service quality has a significant positive effect on tourist satisfaction at historical attractions in South Sumatra Province. Promoting significantly positively affects tourist loyalty to historical tourism objects in South Sumatra Province. Research implications: The act of actively participating in museum displays and informational materials provides individuals of all ages, including both children and adults, with a pleasurable and immersive opportunity for informal education. This engagement allows people to enhance their comprehension of the cultural, traditional, or historical elements associated with a particular area. Originality/value: The Service quality has a significant positive effect on tourist loyalty to historical tourist objects in South Sumatra Province. There is a significant positive effect on satisfaction on tourist loyalty to historical tourism objects in South Sumatra Province.

Creating value from intangible cultural heritage—the role of innovation for sustainable tourism and regional rural development

Based on evidence from two exploratory case studies, the article examines how intangible cultural heritage can promote sustainable rural development by creating value for rural communities. The studied communities in Bavaria, Germany, and Le Marche, Italy, are closely tied to traditional agricultural practices and their historical legacies. In the German case study, alpine pasture farming has sustained its cultural landscape and tourism for generations, while in the Italian case, the rural sharecropping legacy evolved into a culinary heritage project. Bad Hindelang (Germany) stands out as a mature destination with a long history of sustainable tourism, achieved through collaboration between farmers, conservationists, and the local community. The region balances tourism, conservation, and ecological farming through community participation and collective action. In contrast, Le Marche region (Italy) has only recently experienced increasing numbers of international tourists, but seems well-situated to exploit opportunities for cultural and culinary tourism development. The Marche Food and Wine Memories project has preserved the oral memories and the culinary heritage of former sharecroppers, yet economic value for the region has so far been limited. Post-COVID-19, the region may benefit from increased demand for tourism in culturally appealing, authentic and less crowded destinations. The article emphasises that intangible cultural heritage can enrich the quality of life of local residents and enhance visitors’ experiential value. Innovative approaches like storytelling and participatory engagement make these cultural expressions accessible to wider audiences, including tourists, thus benefiting heritage communities in various ways. Both cases highlight the role of innovation, with Bad Hindelang’s eco-model promoting ecological farming and Le Marche’s project preserving sharecroppers’ heritage through corporate heritage marketing. Collaboration among various stakeholders has been a key to success in both cases. The article also illustrates the range of functions fulfilled by intangible cultural heritage, from restoring social dignity to maintaining landscape aesthetics and ecological integrity.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN PATHS IN THE COLONIAL HISTORICAL AREA OF KOTA LAMA CIREBON

Pedestrian path conditions are one of the factors that affect willingness to walk and play an important role in supporting historical tourism activities. This study analyzes the performance of pedestrian paths expressed by Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) in the colonial historical area of Kota Lama Cirebon. The method used in this study was to conduct a geometric survey of pedestrian paths, pedestrian flow surveys, and pedestrian travel time surveys in 10 segments scattered throughout the study area. The survey results were analyzed regarding the 1985 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) and PLOS values generated based on available walking space. The study shows that in terms of walking space availability, most of the segments in the study area have a PLOS A score, which means they are performing well. In comparison, some segments have poor PLOS, such as Merdeka Street, Yos Sudarso Street, TJ Street, and Kebumen Street, due to the unavailability of sufficient walking paths to serve pedestrians or the presence of side obstacles that reduce the effective width of the pedestrian path. To overcome these problems, several things need to be done, such as: 1) issue a policy prohibiting selling on pedestrian paths to reduce side obstacles so that the effective width of the pedestrian path can increase; 2) widen the pedestrian path at least according to the applicable standards; and 3) provide pedestrian paths on segments that do not yet have pedestrian paths.

Cultural branding: Development of culture-based tourism village towards sustainable tourism

Kamal Village in Arjasa District, Jember Regency, East Java, has cultural and historical tourism potential through the Duplang Site, Klanceng Site, Ta' Butaan folk art, and Kadisah traditional rituals. This great tourism potential can be developed to promote Kamal Village as a culture-based tourism village. Through a participatory rural appraisal approach involving village-owned businesses, the Tourism Appreciation and Tourism Awareness Group, the Youth Organization of Kamal Village, and collaboration with the Jember Regency Tourism and Culture Office, the community service team assisted in the form of organizational assistance (institutional strengthening), event management training, and strengthening the promotion and branding activities. The results of this community service are expected to strengthen the cultural branding of Kamal Village towards sustainable tourism to realize sustainable and positive economic, social, and environmental impacts for related stakeholders.

Pengaruh Daya Tarik Wisata terhadap Minat Kunjung ke Gedung Joang 45 Jakarta Pusat

Historical tourism is a tour that is in great demand by tourists and also students, tourists rarely have the intention to visit historical tourism because they think historical tourism is very boring and this makes visitor intensity influential and many museums have implemented the development of digitalization technology which makes it easier for visitors to find out what they want to know about the object. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of attractiveness on visiting interest. This research was conducted using quantitative methods with this quantitative research researchers will observe quantified phenomena and understand the quantity of a phenomenon that can be used later for comparison and, researchers can see patterns of relationships, interactions, and causality of the observed phenomena. In collecting samples used in this study using purposive sampling techniques, questionnaires as primary data, previous research data, journals, articles, and the internet as secondary data. This study amounted to 100 respondents who had criteria in the form of respondents who had come to the Joang 45 Museum. Static data management in this study uses SPSS software where the results of this data processing will explain the relationship between variable X and variable Y. The results of the tests conducted by the researcher prove that the results of the tests conducted by the researcher prove the relationship between variable X and variable Y. The results of the tests carried out by researchers prove that there is a significant influence of attractiveness on interest in visiting Joang 45 Museum. This is evidenced by the results of the t test with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 and a tcount value of 10.417 ttable 1.66 in this study stating the significance of the influence of attractiveness on visiting interest. In addition to the t test, there are multicollinearity test results, it is known that the tolerance value is 1,000> 0.10 and the VIF value is 1,000 < 10.00, which means that there is no multicollinearity. And, based on the results of heteroscedasticity with a significance value of 0.598> 0.05, it can be concluded that this research data does not have problems with heteroscedasticity. As for the R2 test of 0.525, which means it can be concluded that there is an influence of variable X to variable Y of 52.5% with the rest being influenced by other variables not contained in this study. Based on the research findings, it can be deduced that the attractiveness factor significantly affects the interest in visiting the Joang 45 Museum. This study is anticipated to serve as a valuable point of reference for stakeholders involved in museum management.

Analisis Atribut Produk Wisata Sejarah Di Candi Tanjung Medan

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world which has cultural diversity. The development of the tourism sector in Indonesia continues to be carried out in various regions until now, one of which is the Tanjung Medan Temple. This research aims to analyze the attributes of historical tourism products at Tanjung Medan Temple. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, with data collection through interviews, observation and documentation. Using qualitative descriptive data analysis that describes the attributes of historical tourism products at Tanjung Medan Temple. Determining research informants used snowball sampling with a total of 11 informants, but if no conclusions were found, the researcher had the right to add further informants, with the criteria being figures from the Tourism Office, managers, ninik mamak, the community, visitors to the Tanjung Medan temple. The results of the research show that cultural products are in the form of movable cultural heritage in the form of linga yoni, peripih, and jars made of clay. The narrative product at Tanjung Medan Temple consists of a tour guide and interpretation panels. Tourist products consist of travel scenarios and product packaging. Destination products consist of main attractions, accommodation, transportation, restaurants, souvenir shops, infrastructure. It can be concluded that the results of the document study during pre-research show that there are no tourist packages available in West Sumatra which makes Tanjung Medan Temple one of the destinations for tourist visits. So it is necessary to develop historical tourism product attributes at Tanjung Medan Temple.

A Novel Visual Narrative Framework for Tourist Map Design Based on Local Chronicles: A Case Study of the Songshan Scenic Area

Tourist maps provide tourists with destination information that reflects their unique characteristics and cultural connotations and play an important role in attracting tourists and serving marketing purposes. However, existing designs of tourist maps often ignore the importance of cultural resource selection and the relationship between maps and structural linguistics, thereby affecting the narrative function and representativeness of tourist maps. This study utilizes the local chronicle as a data source and proposes a novel visual narrative framework (VNF) for tourist maps. The VNF combines Todorov’s narrative hierarchy and Roth’s visual storytelling tropes to establish a mapping between map elements and narrative elements. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the VNF, the Songshan Scenic Area was selected as a case study. By applying the VNF, highly characteristic and meaningful colors, figurative hand-painted symbols, and scene symbols are selected and integrated into the map design to enhance the artistic value and narrative of the map. This framework reveals the potential cultural value of local chronicles and can serve as a reference for other historical tourist cities, contributing to the preservation of local cultural heritage.

Commemorating in Place

What makes historical tourism so compelling? The author reflects upon her personal experience of Holocaust tourism to tease out its meaning and appeal. The paper considers the making of meaning through the in-situ experience, including through association, sensory perception, and imagination. The paradigm of dark tourism, traditionally associated with superficial consumption, is dismissed as being too naive a rendering of the visitor experience. Instead, the author commends the tourist’s inherent capacity to make connections between the past and the present, and thereby generate meaning. Ultimately, however, the author finds her most authentic response to “being there” is one of commemoration, since she knows that what she is visiting in the present is not history itself, but merely a memory of it.

Nostalgic Marketing and its Antecedents on Gen X

Purpose: This study aims to see the extent of Borobudur temple as heritage tourism with neuromarketing/nostalgia as its main indicator. Theoretical Framework: The basic theory used is neuromarketing theory. Nostalgia as neuromarketing is defined as an emotion that has implications for a series of complex psychological processes, including social behavior. This social behavior is also related to a person's consumption behavior towards certain purchases which creates a nostalgic impact on that person. This consumption behavior is related to the marketing strategy implemented by the marketing object. Design/Methodology: The research method used is the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) SmartPLS version 4 model. With validity, reliability and goodness of fit analysis tools to answer the research hypothesis. Findings: The results obtained by nostalgia marketing have a positive and significant effect on brand reputation, service quality, and premium price. Brand reputation and premium price do not mediate nostalgic marketing on customer satisfaction, while service quality mediates. Last result, brand reputation and premium price had no effect on customer satisfaction, while service quality had a positive and significant effect. Practical and Social Effects: Tourists' perception of tourist attractions is formed not only on the basis of individual knowledge and beliefs about the characteristics of the site, but also their feelings and perceptions of the destination. Thus, if we want to strengthen again, there is a need for an age-old relationship between tourists and brands. With constant satisfaction, respondent satisfaction remains high to an insignificant price, and commitment and loyalty will be formed. Value or Origin: The many historical tourism sectors in Indonesia and the high number of older visitors make this sector a source of economic and regional growth. This is reinforced by data from Borobudur Temple as the largest Buddhist temple heritage tourist attraction in the world, where 23% of visitors or tourists are over 50 years old. At that age, what motivation makes them visit if not memories and historical facts of the past. Remembering the past, it is easiest to visit the subject directly, this is important in studying neuromarketing and emotions in business.