Historical Summaries Research Articles

Aubrey E. Buster. Remembering the Story of Israel: Historical Summaries and Memory Formation in Second Temple Judaism

Aubrey E. Buster. <i>Remembering the Story of Israel: Historical Summaries and Memory Formation in Second Temple Judaism</i>

O przemówieniu Grzegorza Cambłaka na soborze w Konstancji

Several sources report Gregory Tsamblak’s journey to the Council of Constance. His journey to the Council was arranged by the Grand Duke Alexander Vytautas. Before the trip to Constance, the Synod of Ruthenian Bishops in Navahrudak elected Tsamblak as Metropolitan. The synod deposed Metropolitan Photios, who remained mostly in Moscow, ignoring the Lithuanian and Polish bishoprics. The bishops gathered in Navarhudak accused Photios of stealing Church treasures from Kyiv. In many historical summaries of the Kyivan Metropolitanate written in the seveteenth and eighteenth centuries, the information about the Council of Navarudak was repeated. The story of the Synod and the deposition of Metropolitan Photius became one of the cornerstones for establishing the autocephaly of the Kievan Metropolitanate. Gregory Tsamblak, upon his arrival in Constance, proclaimed in his speech the intention of Church union. There are two versions of his speech that have survived to this day: Ruthenian and Latin. The article examines both in a comparative approach. The Latin version of Tsamblak’s speech was included into the documents of the Council. The Ruthenian version is contained in the manuscript that belonged to St. Josaphat Kuntsevich. In his speech, Metropolitan Gregory Tsamblak not only called for union, but also proposed that a special session be held to resolve the contradictions between Catholics and Orthodox. The chronicle of Ulrich Richenthal records the visit of the Ruthenian delegation to the Council. Two letters by Metropolitan Photius of Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Russia have survived in the manuscript. In the first letter, the metropolitan criticised the election of Gregory Tsamblak in Navahrudak. In the second, written in the 1420s, he asked for the re-recognition of his authority in the Metropolitanate of Kyiv. The source documents on the Council of Constance preserved the information about Tsamblak’s speech delivered at the Council in 1415. He called for the Church union, and holding a special session to resolve the contradictions between Catholics and Orthodox. Tsamblak’s speech is also known from the Ruthenian manuscript of the 16th century, and his visit to the Council is recorded in Ulrich Richenthal’s chronicle. The information about Navahrudak’s Council was repeated in many historical synopsises of the Kyivian Metropolitanate made in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Brad E. Kelle and Brent A. Strawn, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Historical Books of the Hebrew Bible

Brad E. Kelle and Brent A. Strawn, eds. <i>The Oxford Handbook of the Historical Books of the Hebrew Bible</i>

Analyzing Longitudinally Collected Viral Load Measurements in Youth With Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection: Problems and Possible Remedies.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) is an important quantitative marker of disease progression and treatment response in people living with HIV infection, including children with perinatally acquired HIV. Measures of VL are often used to predict different outcomes of interest in this population, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. One popular approach to summarizing historical viral burden is the area under a time-VL curve (AUC). However, alternative historical VL summaries (HVS) may better answer the research question of interest. In this article, we discuss and contrast the AUC with alternative HVS, including the time-averaged AUC, duration of viremia, percentage of time with suppressed VL, peak VL, and age at peak VL. Using data on youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection from the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Adolescent Master Protocol, we show that HVS and their associations with full-scale intelligence quotient depend on when the VLs were measured. When VL measurements are incomplete, as can be the case in observational studies, analysis results may be subject to selection bias. To alleviate bias, we detail an imputation strategy, and we present a simulation study demonstrating that unbiased estimation of a historical VL summary is possible with a correctly specified imputation model.

Studies on Jewish and Christian Historical Summaries from the Hellenistic and Early Roman Periods, by Atar Livneh

Studies on Jewish and Christian Historical Summaries from the Hellenistic and Early Roman Periods, by Atar Livneh

Moses Proves His Case: Historical Examples in A.J. 4.43–45

Abstract Josephus’ rewriting of the account of Korah’s rebellion (Numbers 16) consists of a lengthy juridical prayer/speech not attested in the biblical source in which a list of historical episodes is embedded. Moses’ representation as standing in court before God and the people and defending his leadership by recalling past events appears to derive from 1 Samuel 12. At the same time, however, the catalogue of historical incidents in A.J. 4.43–45 elaborates the “works” in Num 16:28, demonstrating that everything happens according to God’s will – including the granting of the priesthood to Aaron. An analysis of A.J. 4.43–45 evinces that it combines conventions from both biblical historical summaries and Hellenistic catalogues, the individual episodes (e.g., the Exodus) constituting a sophisticated reworking of Pentateuchal narratives and passages from Deutero-Isaiah and the Psalms.

The Nervous Stage: Nineteenth-Century Neuroscience and the Birth of Modern Theatre by Matthew Wilson Smith

Reviewed by: The Nervous Stage: Nineteenth-Century Neuroscience and the Birth of Modern Theatre by Matthew Wilson Smith Sarah McCarroll (bio) Matthew Wilson Smith. The Nervous Stage: Nineteenth-Century Neuroscience and the Birth of Modern Theatre. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xvi + 221 b/w illus. $39.95. To assert that the theatre is a place where larger political, social, cultural, and/or scientific developments are embodied via performance is nothing new. What is new in what Matthew Wilson Smith has to say about the performance of developing philosophical and medical discourses of the human nervous system during the nineteenth century is his understanding of the ways in which those discourses did not just influence dramatic texts or themes, but lie at the heart of dramatic structures, presentational styles, and the expected effects that productions had on audiences. In The Nervous Stage: Nineteenth-Century Neuroscience and the Birth of Modern Theatre, Smith traces a move from a gestural, representational drama to one in which representation has been fully disrupted, one which "sought to play directly on the nerves of spectators through non-representational and sensorial means and did not so much eschew representation as profoundly destabilize it by means of direct effects upon the audience's sensorium" (11). The question this move immediately raises is how theatre, a form with embodied representation at the heart of its traditional act, can function in the absence of a stable notion of representation; in short, how mimesis is possible for the neural subject. Smith's answer to this question is ultimately found in the work of Antonin Artaud, which emerges here not as the radical epistemological (one might even say ontological) departure from "traditional" theatrical forms it is often positioned as being, but as the endpoint of a century-long "decay of the language of gesture as an accurate representation of mental states [from which] modern European theater emerged" (183), one in which can be seen "a gradual transition from the dominance of a discourse of gestural representation to one of nervous sensation" (183). As Smith sure-handedly explores these cross-fades from the gestural to the nervous to the sensational, he pairs the work of neurologists, philosophers, and others interested in the mind-body problem with close readings of dramatic texts. It is these analyses that make The Nervous Stage a thoroughly enjoyable experience for the reader. Smith examines the ways texts as varied as Georg Büchner's Woyzeck, Augustin Daly's Under the Gaslight, Richard Wagner's operas, the horror dramas of the Grand Guignol, and August Strindberg's Miss Julie, among others, showcase what Smith sees as "two fundamental shifts" (8) that occurred as the Enlightenment gave way to the Romantic era, which in its turn ceded to the Victorian age, which was brought to an abrupt halt by the cataclysm of World War I. Those shifts were: "1. Where gestures once served as a window into a person's hidden inner life, nerves increasingly fulfilled the same function. 2. Where sympathies once helped to construct the liberal subject and [End Page 119] the promise of a liberal social order, the stimulation and networking of neural sensations increasingly operated in their place" (8; emphasis in original). Each of the texts Smith examines in his roughly chronological journey along the path of these shifts is clearly and cogently connected to the scientific works that influenced (or in some cases, were influenced by) its presentation of characters' external demonstrations of the visible signs of internal, invisible, nervous/neural operations. The lines of intellectual and artistic transmission are clearly drawn in The Nervous Stage; it is always clear what evidentiary value Smith is claiming for the texts and events he examines. It is particularly welcome that Smith so clearly positions his work ("I am differentiating historical studies of relations between neurology and the theater … from the application of contemporary neuroscience and/or cognitive science to theatrical practices. … The methodology and aims of such works are quite different from those of the cultural historian" [12]). In addition to clearly laying out the aims of his work, Smith is notably effective at providing nuanced yet concise historical and theoretical summaries that keep his...

A time-aware query-focused summarization of an evolving microblogging stream via sentence extraction

With the number of social media users ramping up, microblogs are generated and shared at record levels. The high momentum and large volumes of short texts bring redundancies and noises, in which the users and analysts often find it problematic to elicit useful information of interest. In this paper, we study a query-focused summarization as a solution to address this issue and propose a novel summarization framework to generate personalized online summaries and historical summaries of arbitrary time durations. Our framework can deal with dynamic, perpetual, and large-scale microblogging streams. Specifically, we propose an online microblogging stream clustering algorithm to cluster microblogs and maintain distilled statistics called Microblog Cluster Vectors (MCV). Then we develop a ranking method to extract the most representative sentences relative to the query from the MCVs and generate a query-focused summary of arbitrary time durations. Our experiments on large-scale real microblogs demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach.

Becoming a Francophile: A Half-Century Love Affair by Leonard Rosmarin

Reviewed by: Becoming a Francophile: A Half-Century Love Affair by Leonard Rosmarin Alice J. Strange Rosmarin, Leonard, Becoming a Francophile: A Half-Century Love Affair. Mosaic, 2019. ISBN 978-1-771614344. Pp. 241. In this memoir, a Canadian professor of French, retired from Brock University in Ontario, sets out to identify the forces that contribute to his identity as a Francophile. He spent extended periods in France as a student, director of a study abroad program, and visiting professor at Université de Perpignan. His descriptions of life in France are interesting but scarcely original. Conventional points are covered: first impressions, student life, French bureaucracy, housing issues, French friends, cultural sites, and, especially, his love of French history and literature. As an educator, he frequently compares French and Canadian educational institutions, illustrating his impressions with anecdotes. Unlike Canadian students, French university students like to present a challenging attitude toward a new professor. He enjoyed a sense of professional triumph when he gained their respect and became a popular professor. His command of French opened doors to friendships, often with teachers and administrators at his or his daughters' schools. He interacts with a privileged, educated segment of French society and rarely refers to larger social or political issues. French friends, whom he describes in detail, figure greatly in his positive memories. The most appealing sections of the work are his excursions into the Pyrénées-Orientales. This southeastern-most [End Page 250] department of France, nestled between the Mediterranean and the Spanish border, abounds in cultural interests. The French Catalan region is especially beautiful and rich in popular traditions. On the other hand, at several points in the text, Rosmarin abruptly switches his focus away from lived personal experience to insert basic historical facts and summaries of literary works with which he has a special connection. These digressions consist of information familiar to Francophile readers and seem at odds with his announced project. For example, he includes a digression on the life and achievements of Charles de Gaulle. At Versailles, he expounds on the life of Louis XIV. At a dramatic performance in Perpignan, he recounts in detail the plot of Corneille's Le Cid. In each case, these digressions disrupt the flow of his personal memories and seem detached from his undertaking. In addition, the Francophile reader may also feel startled when Rosmarin translates even the most basic French expressions into English. His concluding chapter is an analysis of love à la française, in the form of an academic discourse. Rather than refer to any personal experiences, he devotes the final chapter to an investigation of a French belief that passion and marriage are irreconcilable. To support this theory, Rosmarin summarizes La princesse de Clèves, Manon Lescaut, and Les liaisons dangereuses as examples of his view. Although the connection is not clear, the reader is left to assume that this belief contributes to his identity as a Francophile. Overall, this memoir seems intended for the author's family and associates, and readers unfamiliar with the basics of French language and culture. Some Francophile readers may enjoy comparing Rosmarin's experiences to their own, but they will find few original insights. Alice J. Strange Southeast Missouri State University, emerita Copyright © 2020 American Association of Teachers of French

Sickness in the Workhouse: Poor Law Medical Care in Provincial England, 1834–1914 by Alistair Ritch

Reviewed by: Sickness in the Workhouse: Poor Law Medical Care in Provincial England, 1834–1914 by Alistair Ritch Alannah Tomkins Alistair Ritch. Sickness in the Workhouse: Poor Law Medical Care in Provincial England, 1834–1914. Rochester Studies in Medical History. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2019. 309 pp. $128.00 (978-1-58046-975-3). The divide between professional history and professional medicine is not totally impermeable, but the barrier is seldom crossed. Historians retrain as clinicians very rarely: practitioners more often become historians of their institution or field. It is a brave person who seeks expertise in more than one context, so Alistair Ritch is notable for moving from consultant physician in Birmingham to historian of workhouse infirmaries in the wider West Midlands. This book begins with the contention that workhouse infirmaries inevitably developed in tandem with voluntary hospitals, under different but complementary regimes. The voluntary hospital admitted the curable and exerted a lot of discrimination over the cases they accepted and retained, while workhouses had a statutory responsibility to cater for the poor settled in their areas. This meant that, initially, historians have observed a broad division between the "acute" capacity of a hospital and the "chronic" accommodation offered by a workhouse. Under Ritch's gaze, this difference remains but is substantially complicated. His remit is the Birmingham and Wolverhampton workhouses, wherever possible incorporating institutions before 1834 as well as after. Chapters consider the "fevers" that preyed on the Victorian poor, and that necessarily afflicted workhouse patients, as drivers of institutional refinements including isolation wards and separate buildings. The disorderly lunatic poor were contained in both of the chosen workhouses despite the rapid expansion of institutional provision for the "mad" in England over the nineteenth century, and both were found wanting by Lunacy Commissioners in the 1850s and later. Ritch goes on to analyze the working lives of workhouse medical officers, to account for patients including their occupancy of different wards, and to consider the integration of trained nurses to these poor law institutions. Collectively the chapters assemble a mass of useful data. Nonetheless, a broad question remains: what was the wider significance of the Birmingham or Wolverhampton workhouse experience for the resident poor in English institutions? In illustration of this point: venereal disease is covered in chapter 3 about disorderly behavior, and before reading this short section I anticipated that it might touch on the way that tertiary syphilis deprived its victims of both physical and mental control. Instead the subheading covered some of the circumstances whereby workhouse inmates contracted venereal disease (ensuring that here "disorderly" relates to sexual misdemeanor rather than disease victimhood). The section subsequently provided brief historical summaries of the emergence of syphilis and gonorrhea plus their treatments (both per se and in the English Midlands specifically), without pushing the analysis further. The section therefore misses the chance to consider why Birmingham and Wolverhampton offer us interesting illustrations for the application of venereal therapies. Why was Birmingham one of only eight provincial workhouses to make use of the first diagnostic blood test for syphilis? Did this relate to economies of scale in large institutions, or was it the [End Page 529] result of a specific policy decision at Birmingham? Was the use of salvarsan for selected Wolverhampton paupers instituted very early in context (in 1912, after the drug's development in 1910), or on the contrary was it applied very meanly (being given only to selected patients)? In short, what can we now appreciate about workhouse medicine by considering it in these two places? What was distinctive and what was run-of-the-mill? The discussion throughout is somewhat light on context, and this is reflected in the historiographical remit. Sheldon and Woods's Atlas of Victorian Mortality is missing, for example, despite Ritch's periodic focus on diagnoses and incidence of illness, while too little is made of the advances by research predecessors including Angie Negrine, Kim Price, and others.1 Consequently, some of the general claims are not backed up or made with sufficient finesse: has the case of the sick poor really been neglected up to now (p. 2)? There is undoubtedly a point to be made here about...

The Current State of the 0+5 Integrated Vascular Surgery Residency Training Paradigm: A Scoping Review of the Literature

The 0+5 integrated vascular surgery residency program (IVSR) was introduced as a training model toward board certification in vascular surgery over 10 years ago. The pros and cons of this training model have been debated. The purpose of this review is to investigate, using qualitative methods, what is known about the development, implementation, and outcomes of the IVSR paradigm. A systematic search of the literature pertaining to the IVSR training model was conducted to include literature from 2005 to 2016. A search strategy involving use of 4 literature databases, 4 search terms, and 4 inclusion criteria was used. Three independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts for inclusion. Data abstraction was performed by 1 reviewer. Qualitative content analysis was completed using the method of constant comparative analysis associated with a grounded theory design by all 3 reviewers. Of 890 articles initially identified, 33 articles were found to meet inclusion criteria for full review. Nineteen (57%) were research articles with an average Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument score of 6.3 out of 18. The remaining articles were categorized as editorials, presidential addresses, invited commentaries, and historical summaries. Three major themes related to the IVSR program were identified: context of program development, processes of the program once implemented, and outcomes. The literature on the IVSR paradigm reflects contextual, process, and outcome issues. Research articles are of generally low quality and there is a paucity of analyses of outcome issues. Further research is recommended to identify and understand the outcomes of the model.

Military Anthropology: Soldiers, Scholars and Subjects at the Margins of Empire by Montgomery McFate

Reviewed by: Military Anthropology: Soldiers, Scholars and Subjects at the Margins of Empire by Montgomery McFate David H. Price Montgomery McFate, Military Anthropology: Soldiers, Scholars and Subjects at the Margins of Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. 352 pp. Military Anthropology: Soldiers, Scholars and Subjects at the Margins of Empire provides historical summaries of ten 20th century anthropologists' engagements with military operations. Montgomery McFate's telling of this history seeks to identify positive outcomes of these anthropological contributions and argues for increased future uses of anthropology by the military. Each chapter evaluates the effectiveness with which anthropological knowledge was incorporated into operations and analyzes recent military situations where US forces used, or could have used, anthropology in similar ways. With each historical vignette, McFate champions militarized forms of anthropology that connect the discipline to campaigns of violence and occupation, advocating for the development of a type of militarized anthropology which will trouble many anthropologists. McFate is perhaps best known to many anthropologists as the architect of Human Terrain Systems (2007–2014), the almost three-quarters of a billion-dollar failed Pentagon program that tried to embed ethnographers with soldiers in Afghanistan and Iraq. Human Terrain System was widely condemned by the international anthropological community, and by the American Anthropological Association, for not considering basic ethical principles of anthropological engagement (CEAUSSIC 2009). Beyond these ethical concerns, many anthropologists also critiqued the political project of militarizing anthropology (NCA 2009). Military Anthropology was written for a military rather than an anthropological audience (11), but because this book is published as an academic book, drawing upon anthropological knowledge, it deserves [End Page 969] anthropologists' critical attention. Written at the Naval War College, funded by a Department of Defense Minerva Fellowship, Military Anthropology exemplifies the sort of work many critics of the Minerva Program predicted these fellowships would produce. It draws on a limited subset of social science and includes little substantial engagement with the critical peer reviewed literature found in mainstream academic writings. McFate's reading, and writing, of this history differs from the work of many anthropologists (including my own), most significantly in her refusal to address the political and ethical issues raised by using anthropology for warfare, but also in the simplification of these complex relationships. Where many scholars find cautionary tales, McFate finds blueprints for improved means of using anthropology for militarized ends. I suspect that most anthropologists will find this book not only highly problematic in its historical representations, but also fundamentally flawed in its claims about the ease with which culture can be weaponized and for refusing to engage with the core political and ethical issues raised by military anthropology. But anthropologists are not the book's target audience. Its representations of how culture can be instrumentalized for conquest provides much for its military audience to like, and Military Anthropology may well become a classic work within military circles as a foundational text for the military training their own "anthropologists." The ten anthropologists whose stories are recounted in individual chapters are: Gerald Hickey, Robert Sutherland Rattray, Ursula Graham Bower, Gregory Bateson, Tom Harrisson, John Useem, Jomo Kenyata, Louis Leakey, Don Marshall, and David Prescott Barrows. The military engagements discussed range from colonial occupations, World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Mau Mau Rebellion. The operations include a mixture of combat, counterinsurgency, insurgency, and occupations. In order to advocate for specific types of future anthropological collaborations, McFate shapes the telling of these incidents in very specific ways. She simplifies the complexities of the military anthropologists' stories appearing in her pages. Her Gregory Bateson has fewer reservations than the Bateson other scholars have found in archival and FOIA documents; and her version of Hickey writes RAND reports that had a greater impact than other scholars have found. Ursula Graham Bower's World War II success in directing Naga warriors' military and intelligence operations is shown to reveal key traits of successful transformational leadership skills. Robert Rattray's early 20th century use of anthropological knowledge to [End Page 970] help impose indirect rule in west Africa frames arguments for adapting similar tactics in other post-conquest situations. Many anthropologists will likely not share the general admiration of the effectiveness of Rattray...

Review of Game Theory, Alive

Game Theory, Alive is a wonderful book and is to be highly recommended, either for teaching or self-study. By way of comparison, it covers fewer topics and is less advanced than the well known book Game Theory, by M. Maschler, E. Solan, and S. Zamir. For this reason, it seems ideal for a first course on Game Theory at the undergraduate level. Since Game Theory, Alive assumes some basic knowledge of probability theory (in addition to discrete math), students should have some probability theory as a background, though much of the book is still very accessible without it. This reviewer would not be surprised if Game Theory, Alive becomes the standard text for an introductory course on Game Theory. It is very well written and fun to read. The numerous figures, cartoons (see, e.g., Figure 6 on page xxi), photos, anecdotes, and especially, the historical summaries at the end of each chapter as well as the backgrounds of the mathematicians, statisticians, and economists whose results now go into Game Theory, is one of the loveliest features of this book. Wikipedia notwithstanding, we often don't learn enough about the 'players' themselves, their history and/or the evolution of how a result came into being (at least in this reviewer's primary field of study, which is not game theory or even probability theory), and this book very nicely bucks that trend. The most important caveat I should state here is that I am not myself in game theory or combinatorics, so my review of this book cannot be as deep as that of a practitioner in either of these fields. That is unfortunate, but the plus side of this is that I can make the following comment: to me, the most beautiful feature of this book is how nicely-and yet how compactly-the authors convey intuition and motivation, which is the most important thing a textbook can do for someone approaching the field for the first time. And to do so while at the same time presenting everything mathematically-definitions, theorems, proofs-is not easy.

Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015

This report continues the practice where the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements revises recommendations regarding those topics for the planets, satellites, minor planets, and comets approximately every 3 years. The Working Group has now become a “functional working group” of the IAU, and its membership is open to anyone interested in participating. We describe the procedure for submitting questions about the recommendations given here or the application of these recommendations for creating a new or updated coordinate system for a given body. Regarding body orientation, the following bodies have been updated: Mercury, based on MESSENGER results; Mars, along with a refined longitude definition; Phobos; Deimos; (1) Ceres; (52) Europa; (243) Ida; (2867) Steins; Neptune; (134340) Pluto and its satellite Charon; comets 9P/Tempel 1, 19P/Borrelly, 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, and 103P/Hartley 2, noting that such information is valid only between specific epochs. The special challenges related to mapping 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko are also discussed. Approximate expressions for the Earth have been removed in order to avoid confusion, and the low precision series expression for the Moon’s orientation has been removed. The previously online only recommended orientation model for (4) Vesta is repeated with an explanation of how it was updated. Regarding body shape, text has been included to explain the expected uses of such information, and the relevance of the cited uncertainty information. The size of the Sun has been updated, and notation added that the size and the ellipsoidal axes for the Earth and Jupiter have been recommended by an IAU Resolution. The distinction of a reference radius for a body (here, the Moon and Titan) is made between cartographic uses, and for orthoprojection and geophysical uses. The recommended radius for Mercury has been updated based on MESSENGER results. The recommended radius for Titan is returned to its previous value. Size information has been updated for 13 other Saturnian satellites and added for Aegaeon. The sizes of Pluto and Charon have been updated. Size information has been updated for (1) Ceres and given for (16) Psyche and (52) Europa. The size of (25143) Itokawa has been corrected. In addition, the discussion of terminology for the poles (hemispheres) of small bodies has been modified and a discussion on cardinal directions added. Although they continue to be used for planets and their satellites, it is assumed that the planetographic and planetocentric coordinate system definitions do not apply to small bodies. However, planetocentric and planetodetic latitudes and longitudes may be used on such bodies, following the right-hand rule. We repeat our previous recommendations that planning and efforts be made to make controlled cartographic products; newly recommend that common formulations should be used for orientation and size; continue to recommend that a community consensus be developed for the orientation models of Jupiter and Saturn; newly recommend that historical summaries of the coordinate systems for given bodies should be developed, and point out that for planets and satellites planetographic systems have generally been historically preferred over planetocentric systems, and that in cases when planetographic coordinates have been widely used in the past, there is no obvious advantage to switching to the use of planetocentric coordinates. The Working Group also requests community input on the question submitting process, posting of updates to the Working Group website, and on whether recommendations should be made regarding exoplanet coordinate systems.

GeoBurst+

The real-time discovery of local events (e.g., protests, disasters) has been widely recognized as a fundamental socioeconomic task. Recent studies have demonstrated that the geo-tagged tweet stream serves as an unprecedentedly valuable source for local event detection. Nevertheless, how to effectively extract local events from massive geo-tagged tweet streams in real time remains challenging. To bridge the gap, we propose a method for effective and real-time local event detection from geo-tagged tweet streams. Our method, named G eo B urst+ , first leverages a novel cross-modal authority measure to identify several pivots in the query window. Such pivots reveal different geo-topical activities and naturally attract similar tweets to form candidate events. G eo B urst+ further summarizes the continuous stream and compares the candidates against the historical summaries to pinpoint truly interesting local events. Better still, as the query window shifts, G eo B urst+ is capable of updating the event list with little time cost, thus achieving continuous monitoring of the stream. We used crowdsourcing to evaluate G eo B urst+ on two million-scale datasets and found it significantly more effective than existing methods while being orders of magnitude faster.

Deborah’s New Song: The Historical Résumé in lab 32:1-11 in Context

An extra-biblical historical résumé, Deborah’s “new” song in lab 32:1-11 demonstrates both the continued use of the conventions of its biblical antecedents and the development of this literary form during the Second Temple period. It commences its review with Abraham, draws a number of devices from biblical résumés to unite the various episodes, alludes to various biblical reviews, and exhibits various thematic affinities with biblical literary models. While its incorporation of episodes into its retelling of Israelite history that do not appear in any of the biblical summaries and use of the scenaric style of the biblical story rather than the third-person brief report typical of biblical historical summaries are typical of Second Temple résumés, the full sequence of lab 32:1-11 has no parallel in Second Temple Jewish or Christian writings, thereby revealing the author’s guiding tenet—namely, that God fulfils the covenant by aiding His people throughout history.

CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Multiple Myeloma

The goal of this review is to provide historical, recent preclinical, and current clinical summaries of efforts to understand the CD38 molecule and to develop monoclonal antibodies that target it. We focus particularly on efforts involving multiple myeloma, a malignancy of terminally differentiated B cells that remains incurable despite many advances. An era of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy for myeloma is approaching, one that, we hope, will enable patients to live longer and better lives.

On Summarization and Timeline Generation for Evolutionary Tweet Streams

Short-text messages such as tweets are being created and shared at an unprecedented rate. Tweets, in their raw form, while being informative, can also be overwhelming. For both end-users and data analysts, it is a nightmare to plow through millions of tweets which contain enormous amount of noise and redundancy. In this paper, we propose a novel continuous summarization framework called Sumblr to alleviate the problem. In contrast to the traditional document summarization methods which focus on static and small-scale data set, Sumblr is designed to deal with dynamic, fast arriving, and large-scale tweet streams. Our proposed framework consists of three major components. First, we propose an online tweet stream clustering algorithm to cluster tweets and maintain distilled statistics in a data structure called tweet cluster vector (TCV). Second, we develop a TCV-Rank summarization technique for generating online summaries and historical summaries of arbitrary time durations. Third, we design an effective topic evolution detection method, which monitors summary-based/volume-based variations to produce timelines automatically from tweet streams. Our experiments on large-scale real tweets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our framework.

Discovery of the Biology of the Ubiquitin System

This article, about the discovery of the biology of the ubiquitin system, describes my laboratory’s main contribution to date, and stems, in part, from previous historical summaries. Another antecedent is the interview given in 2006 to Dr Istvan Hargittai, a distinguished Hungarian chemist. It described my life and science, including the early years in Moscow (Russia), the 1977 emigration from the former Soviet Union to the United States, and scientific work that ensued.

“Mesozoic and Cenozoic lissamphibian and squamate assemblages of Laurasia”—introduction to the special issue

Lissamphibia (frogs, salamanders, caecilians, and albanerpetontids) and Squamata (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) have been persistent components of many non-marine ecosystems on Earth since the early part of the Mesozoic. Both clades have extant and fossil occurrences on every modern continent, except Antarctica. The three Northern Hemisphere continents of Europe, Asia, and North America, which owe their origins largely to the mid-Mesozoic break-up of the former supercontinent Laurasia, have yielded the lion’s share of fossils for both groups. Consequently, the Laurasian fossil record has been critical for shaping our ideas about the diversities and evolutionary histories of lissamphibians and squamates. The earliest collections and descriptions of fossil lissamphibians and squamates from the former Laurasian continents date back to the early 1800s in Europe, followed decades later by discoveries in North America (western USA) in the 1870s and in Asia (Mongolia) in the 1920s (e.g. see historical summaries by Caldwell 2007; Estes 1981, 1983; Sanchiz 1998). Until the middle part of the twentieth century, descriptive work on fossil lissamphibians and squamates tended to focus on articulated skeletons, such as those of Oligo–Miocene anurans from Central Europe (e.g. von Meyer 1860; Wolterstorff 1885) and of Early Cretaceous lizards and of what is now regarded as an albanerpetontid from Italy (e.g. Costa 1864). Although generally of less interest, isolated and articulated bones recovered by quarrying, surface collecting, or dry screening also merited some attention; to cite two examples, a mandible from the late Oligocene of France became the holotype of the earliest named fossil lizard, Dracaenosaurus croizeti Gervais 1848–1852, and the dozen or so fossil lissamphibians and squamates named by Cope and Marsh in the late 1800s from the Late Jurassic and latest Cretaceous of the western USA were described on isolated bones (e.g. Cope 1876; Marsh 1872, 1887, 1892). Even after more than a century of work, by the middle part of the twentieth century our understanding of fossil lissamphibians and squamates was limited to a small number of taxa known mostly from Europe and western North America, and largely from the Cenozoic. Aside from scattered and intriguing occurrences, little was known about either group from that era and much of the entire Asian fossil record remained a blank. Two developments in the latter part of the twentieth century dramatically improved our access to the lissamphibian and squamate fossil records. The first development was the widespread adoption in the 1950s of screen washing (McKenna 1962) as a method to bulk process fossiliferous matrix by washing it through fine screens in order to recover small bones, teeth, and scales preserved in the rock. Screen washing was pioneered by palaeomammalogists and is still widely used by them as a way to recover mammalian teeth and jaws, particularly from fossil localities that are not suitable for hand quarrying and as a way to salvage fossils from the rubble left behind after quarrying. The “by-catch” of non-mammalian fossils caught in the screens often includes jaws, vertebrae, and other bones of lissamphibians and squamates. Estes’ (1964) monograph, “Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming” demonstrated that screen washing could provide large enough samples to This article is a contribution to the special issue Mesozoic and Cenozoic lissamphibian and squamate assemblages of Laurasia