Historical Roots Research Articles

From Chilean saltpeter to modern agriculture: navigating nitrate toxicity in ruminants through compartmental modeling

Nitrate/nitrite poisoning is a significant issue in ruminant livestock health, with historical roots pre-dating the widespread use of nitrogen fertilizers. This review explores the various factors contributing to nitrate toxicity, including natural and anthropogenic sources, metabolic pathways, mechanisms of action, and the variability in reported data. The importance of compartmental modeling in under-standing nitrate metabolism dynamics is emphasized. These models provide a framework for simu-lating the complex processes involved in nitrate intake, conversion, absorption, distribution, and ex-cretion, ultimately informing effective mitigation strategies. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of nitrate/nitrite poisoning in ruminants and highlight the role of compart-mental modeling in safeguarding animal health, optimizing agricultural practices, and ensuring food safety in the context of modern agriculture.

Prussian blue pigment: Bridging the historical palette to modern innovations

This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted realm of Prussian Blue, a pigment with a rich history and varied applications tracing its origins, artistic applications, and chemical properties. Beginning with its origins as a laboratory creation, the paper traces its evolution into a revered pigment in the artistic world. The review explores the electronic transitions responsible for Prussian Blue's deep blue hue, shedding light on the intricate chemistry behind its vivid coloration. Additionally, the pivotal role of iron ions in determining the pigment's properties is examined in detail, highlighting the importance of precise composition in achieving desired color characteristics. Challenges in the reintegration of Prussian Blue into conservation and restoration projects are also explored, emphasizing the importance of careful preservation techniques to maintain the pigment's integrity and vibrancy. The review discusses the pigment's lightfastness and stability, addressing common issues such as fading and discoloration over time. A notable phenomenon of bronzing particularly associated with Chinese Blue has been characterized by the appearance of yellow or brown hues on the surface of the pigment, that has puzzled artists and conservators for centuries. The review delves into the underlying causes of bronzing, examining factors such as environmental conditions, pigment composition, and application techniques. The review explores the pigment's interactions with other blues and whites, offering insights into the spectrum of shades achievable through careful color mixing and layering techniques. The paper revisits the perennial debate surrounding the permanence of Prussian Blue. While some argue for its enduring stability and longevity, others point to instances of fading and discoloration observed in historical artworks. The manuscript navigates these conflicting perspectives, providing an understanding of Prussian Blue's permanence in different contexts. Prussian Blue stands as a testament to the symbiotic relationship between science and art, where its molecular structure and vibrant shades continue to inspire both chemists in laboratories and artists in studios. The Prussian Blue emerges as a captivating convergence of art and chemistry that has left an indelible mark on laboratory benches and artists' canvases. The unique interplay of ferric and ferrous ions, not only renders a deep blue color but also makes it sensitive to the variation of its environment. The interplay of its refractive index, bronzing tendencies, and tinting strength shapes its artistic applications, influencing the vibrant hues it contributes to diverse palettes. The permanence paradox surrounding Prussian Blue underscores the importance of precision in its preparation. As artists mix and blend, the pigment unveils its versatility, playing a pivotal role in color harmonies and shade variations. Beyond its role in art, Prussian Blue finds diverse applications in medicinal and industrial contexts. From its use as an antidote for heavy metal poisoning to its incorporation into high-performance materials such as batteries and sensors, Prussian Blue continues to demonstrate its versatility and utility in modern society. The review highlights these varied applications, showcasing Prussian Blue's enduring relevance and evolution beyond its historical roots.

EXPLORING FEATURE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTER RECOGNITION IN HANDWRITTEN MODI SCRIPT DOCUMENTS

From the 19th century Devangari scripting is used for documentation in Maharashtra. Before Devanagari, Modi script were used mostly for documentation purpose, but due to cursive writing style, complex nature, and lack of awareness it diminishes over time. Modi script has historical roots and large number of manuscripts available in various Museums,National libraries and at cultural heritages. With time the knowledge within these documents remains unrevealed, due to lack of proper sources. The Government takes steps to preserve these documents and uncover the information within them. Now a days, emerging technologies pave the way to restore cultural heritage by using HOCR.In this study, we focus on recognizing script data from image documents, particularly handwritten Modi script. This paper explores various feature extraction techniques that facilitate character recognition from these historical handwritten documents.

Tanah tak Bertuan: Volatilitas dan Stabilitas Elektoral di Jawa Barat Pasca Ode Baru

The changing power of political parties is one of the most important phenomena studied in democratic political systems. It can shed light on the extent to which political parties are connected to voters, the strengthening or weakening of party institutionalisation, the influence of personalities in politics, the influence of electoral and party institutional design, and so on. Studies on political party change (electoral volatility and stability) have been conducted comparatively, and some studies are conducted by looking at the national context of Indonesia. However, while studies have been conducted on these issues at the local level, they remain overlooked. This article fills this gap by presenting a description and analysis of electoral volatility and stability in West Java in the post-New Order era. Using the theoretical framework of electoral volatility and stability as well as the theory of party system institutionalisation (PSI), this study proposes three findings: high party turnover; higher electoral volatility in West Java compared to national electoral volatility; more competitive political party competition at the district/city level in West Java. The findings on electoral volatility, stability and competition are influenced by the restrictions of political party regulations, which have an impact on the decreasing number of political parties in elections, the personalisation of politics and the presidentialisation of politics, as well as the historical roots of the old-established parties that have been entrenched since the New Order era.

THE HEGEMONY OF NADHLATUL ULAMA ON POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN INDONESIA

This study discusses the hegemony of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Indonesian political dynamics by using a descriptive qualitative approach through the library research method using a sharia normative approach. Nadhalatul Ulama has strong historical roots, having a significant influence on Indonesian politics. The broad support of the community, especially Nahdliyin, allowed him to influence political policy at both the local and national levels. Through participation in the policy-making process such as the Islamic Boarding School Bill, NU brings agendas that are relevant to the interests of the community, especially in the fields of religion and education. In addition, NU plays a role in socializing democratic values through Islamic boarding schools, reflecting its contribution to strengthening the foundation of democracy at the local level. NU also acts as a counterweight in government oversight, ensuring policies are in line with people's aspirationsThe implications of this research include a better understanding of Indonesia's political dynamics and the importance of considering the role of non-state actors such as NU in the political process. It is recommended that in-depth research be conducted to broaden insights into the role of NU in Indonesian politics and society

Medieval European Witchcraft and the Perception of Women in Select Philippine Short Stories

This study addresses the persistent narrative of witchcraft-related violence in the contemporary era by delving into its historical root – the medieval practice of witch-hunts. It investigates gendered motifs linked to women accused of witchcraft and sorcery, using Morgan le Fay in Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur as a reference. By examining gender stereotypes, we aim to demonstrate how medieval European concepts of witchcraft and sorcery have become entrenched in modern perceptions of women. This investigation employs Philippine literary texts – The Witch by Edilberto Tiempo and May Day Eve by Nick Joaquin, characterising women exhibiting postcolonial dispositions. Our central hypothesis holds that these contemporary stories adapt the medieval classic. The findings point to the medieval traces in the characters of Minggay and Agueda, leading to their societal categorisation as metaphorical witches. Textual analysis exemplifies strategies such as “un/belonging” the self to demonstrate “herstory,” acknowledging one's beliefs to express innate tendencies, and challenging social structures to promote reclamation of oppressive structures. This study contributes to understanding the challenged “mythical” nature of women’s identity in the modern era. Hence, the adaptive platform of medieval European influence lends support to stabilising women’s positionality rather than their essentiality.

A South African case study on anatomical embalming for human body donation programmes with toxicological considerations

Body embalming, a practice with deep historical roots across various cultures, forms the backbone of contemporary human body donation educational programmes. In this study, we explored current embalming practices within six South African human anatomical dissection programmes, focusing on the use and volumes of key chemicals—formalin, phenol, and alcohol—and their associated health risks and potential toxicity. We measured and compared aspects of embalming practices such as the duration of body preservation and the annual intake of bodies. Variations in embalming practices and chemical ratios across different South African universities were found. However, the consistent use of formalin, phenol and alcohol were observed across all six programmes. Formaldehyde concentrations used in South African dissection programmes were within the generally acceptable international range. Regarding arterial embalming, South African dissection programmes showed widespread adherence to international embalming practices, with one programme using a substantially lower concentration of formalin. The dual nature of formaldehyde as both an effective preservative and a recognised carcinogen was underscored in relation to human health regarding chemical toxicity. Phenol, like formaldehyde, was consistently used as it is important for the inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth. Alcohol was also consistently used, but there was much greater variation in its volume across South African institutions. Our data showed a slight positive relationship between storage duration and the volumes of formalin and phenol in human embalming fluid. South African regulators enforce stricter exposure limits than those set by the World Health Organisation and various European agencies. While South African institutions operate within internationally acceptable ranges of chemical use that both maximise preservation and minimise toxicity, we acknowledge that these data are preliminary. Further investigation is encouraged to ensure embalming practices effectively protect all those involved and support the educational goals of human anatomical dissection programmes in South Africa.

Historical roots of loneliness and its impact on second-generation immigrants’ health

This paper examines the relationship between historical cultural norms and attitudes towards loneliness, specifically within the context of second-generation immigrants. We uncover an intergenerationally transmitted cultural element that emphasizes restraint and adherence to strict rules characterizing highly-intensive pre-industrial agricultural systems. This cultural dimension significantly impacts how individuals perceive their social relationships and influences their likelihood of experiencing loneliness. Additionally, we demonstrate that the identified cultural trait serves as a predictor of loneliness in a two-stage model for health. Our research shows that loneliness directly impacts body mass index and specific mental health issues, and these findings hold true across a battery of sensitivity checks. The results add to the existing body of research highlighting the importance of attitudes in predicting economic and health outcomes, shedding light on how deeply ingrained geographical, cultural, and individual characteristics can shape economic development processes in both home and host countries.

Elements of a First-Person Ecology: Historical Roots, Recognition and Ecospirituality

Elements of a First-Person Ecology: Historical Roots, Recognition and Ecospirituality

The Evolution of Dong Small Songs and Cultural Change in Chinese Folk Music

This study investigates the cultural evolution and contemporary significance of Dong's small songs within the realm of Chinese folk music. Through ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, archival research, and thematic analysis, the historical roots and socio-cultural dynamics of Dong's small songs are explored. The literature review delves into the cultural significance, historical evolution, preservation efforts, and challenges faced by Dong small songs, highlighting their role in reflecting regional identities and cultural change. The material and methods section outlines the qualitative research approach, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and archival data collection. The research results illuminate the multifaceted nature of Dong small songs, showcasing their adaptability, transmission processes, and contemporary expressions. Suggestions for future research emphasize the need for continued preservation efforts, innovative presentation platforms, and collaborative initiatives to ensure the sustainability and appreciation of Dong's small songs in the context of evolving cultural landscapes.

Negotiating local linguistic and epistemic realities through critical language pedagogy (CLP) in Pakistan

ABSTRACT With critical pedagogy (CP), teachers and students are empowered to disrupt the dominant ideological structures that tend to dehumanise people and impose oppressive historical consciousness upon them as historical subjects. Inspired by CP, over the last three decades critical language pedagogies have been conceptualised to promote social justice and counter privileged ideologies. This study examined university teachers’ pedagogical engagement with students’ local multilingual resources and epistemologies in the Remedial English classes at Pakistani universities. The study made use of theoretical insights such as coloniality, raciolinguistic perspectives and critical scholarship on multilingualism. Findings suggest that some teachers maintained the linguistic and epistemic hierarchy that favoured English, American/British accent, Anglo-western literature and culture, while other created multilingual and epistemic spaces where students’ local languages, nativized English varieties, culture and values could find a place. Furthermore, the Remedial English course perpetuated a gap between word and world by ignoring students’ contemporary concerns, such as discursive (values, culture) as well as material (unemployment, corruption, human rights, environmental degradation, etc.) factors. Some teachers’ use of bottom-up agency to counter foreign literature and a monoglossic model of instruction suggests how some teachers with a critical pedagogical attitude can empower their students to reclaim their historical and social roots.

Aesthetics Asu Sengi Temple

The Indonesian nation is rich in tradition and history. The historical cultural heritage spread widely from Sabang to Merauke shows that Indonesia is a great nation that has cultural historical roots since ancient times. One of the historical and cultural relics includes temples, sacred buildings which became icons of Indonesian civilization until the 17th century. The temple is an iconic building that is proof of the greatness of the Indonesian nation because it was built with high architectural calculations and technology and has a religious meaning that is rich in transcendental values. The temple is an ancient site in the form of a building that functions as a place of worship for followers of Hinduism and Buddhism. Temples are places of dharma, or burial places for certain kings, for example Kidal Temple, which is identified as the dharma of King Anusapati, while Candi Singosari is identified as the Dharma of Kertanegara as Shiva. However, in the Central Java and Yogyakarta regions, temples usually function as places of worship where Hindus and Buddhists carry out religious rituals. Nowadays, the temple functions more as a historical site that can attract tourists, both local and foreign.

A Case Study of Pallallamma Temple of Vanapalli: Local History and Significance

Local history is an original method to see how a community works because it shows how it has changed over time and how the people there have affected it. It shows how changes in society have affected the everyday lives of regular people and how they have dealt with them. Also, learning about local history helps us understand the tradition of the community by showing us where street names, sites, and buildings came from and what they mean. Local history study helps us understand how historical stories are made by looking at how environment, economy, society, and population change affect each other. It looks at smaller, more localized situations to ask bigger questions about how society has changed. Local history is the study of both people and places. It gives us a way to see how the small world of our town interacts with the big world of the rest of the world. Local history is like a miniature version of bigger historical patterns. It helps us connect big trends with specific stories about people's lives. This journey helps us understand that history is not just something we learn in school, but something that is all around us and a part of our communities. As people learn more about their community's past, they realize that they are creating its ongoing story and adding to its historical tapestry in their unique ways. Local histories are often based on oral customs and may not have the formal support of well-known historical events, but they are still useful for learning and getting information. By bringing up shared traditions and experiences, local history can help shape policy, encourage community growth, and help people get along by bringing them together. As a place to keep different traditions and stories alive, it helps us learn more about the past. Local scholars are very important to this project because they teach and lead in their communities. Their love of history makes people think more deeply about and appreciate the past, which helps people feel more connected to their community and roots. Local histories may use modern words and ways of telling stories, but they are still based on area traditions and customs, so they can be understood by people at different levels. In closing, learning about local history gives us a deeper understanding of how our towns are woven together and how the people who live there live their daily lives. The Pallalamma Temple of Vanapalli is a great example of how important it is to keep cultural and spiritual practices alive through local icons. The goal of this case study is to shed light on the temple's historical roots, how it has changed over time, and how it continues to be important to the people of Vanapalli. The purpose of this study is to learn more about the temple's traditions, holidays, and beliefs to better understand how it has changed local life and how it still has meaning in modern times.

Fake News in Social Network: A Comprehensive Review

Fake news has become a significant challenge in the digital age, evolving from its historical roots in traditional media to becoming a pervasive issue on social media platforms. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the scope and mechanisms of fake news propagation in the digital era, focusing specifically on social media. It examines the historical development of fake news and assesses the effectiveness of current detection methods. Various aspects of fake news, including its spread and the associated challenges, are explored through a detailed methodological approach that integrates both technological and sociological strategies. The goal is to enhance the accuracy of detection methods and mitigate the impact of fake news. This review aims to synthesize existing paper, identify gaps in the current knowledge, and recommend directions for future paper, ultimately seeking to protect public discourse and maintain the integrity of information in the digital landscape.

Meditation and Self-transcendence: A Human Need?

Building on Fircks (2023), who aims at integrating the theoretical and historical roots of mindfulness into psychology through a bridge between Taoism, relying on the polarity of life and wu wei (the principle of not-forcing) and Mead's Social Psychology, this commentary seeks to further explore how mindfulness, meditation and self-transcendence plays a role in the personal needs hierarchy of the human organism. This is done in the framework of Abraham Maslow's theory of human motivation and his hierarchy of needs, where a model that introduces a new layer in the hierarchy of needs, the need for self-transcendence, is presented. This model containing the new hierarchy of self-transcendence is based on Maslow's own notion of peak-experiences, as well as related to William James' notion of mystical experiences. Fircks' (2023) autoethnographic meditative experience is conceptualized as a peak-experience and analyzed to show how human beings strive to experience this state of being.

Институт поручений и указаний главы Российского государства в системе президентского конституционализма

The paper examines the phenomenon of decree and surety law in Russia from the standpoint of their role in establishing presidential authoritarianism. Attention is focused on the historical roots of the decree law. The conclusion is made about the centralization of power in the hands of the head of state to the detriment of the principle of separation of powers.

Perspectives on animal experimentation in herbal medicine research: ethical dilemmas and scientific progress

Animal experimentation has long been an integral part of biomedical and cosmetics research, with historical roots dating back to ancient Greece. During that period, physicians constrained by cultural taboos that forbade the use of human cadavers, turned to the dissection of animals for their anatomical studies. The use of specific animal models in research has often been justified by the remarkable biological similarities between animals and humans. However, there are instances where animal models, such as fish and frogs, are used, despite significant disparities in their anatomy and physiology compared to humans. In herbal medicine research, animal experimentation has found various applications. Numerous plant species from diverse global regions, including the United Kingdom, United States, China, India, and Africa, have been studied to identify their pharmacological properties and therapeutic indications. Nevertheless, the use of animals in these studies, while offering undeniable advantages, remains a subject of intense debate and contention, mainly arising from the ethical challenges it presents, as well as the substantial financial burden it imposes, and its inability to reliably predict human responses. This paper, therefore, proposes a comprehensive list of research methodologies that are ethical, practical, cost-effective, and consistent with the real ethos of herbal medicine. These alternative methods, which include in vitro studies, human cell cultures, computational modelling, culturally sensitive clinical trials, and ethnobotanical surveys, have the potential to provide cost-effective healthcare solutions, without subjecting animals to unnecessary suffering.

Proof and proving: legislative technique of criminal procedure laws of the Republic of Moldova and the Russian Federation

Proof and proving lies at the heart of criminal procedure regulation, significantly impacting the quality of law enforcement. In the post-Soviet states that once shared a unified legal system during the USSR dissolution, original criminal procedural laws emerged, exhibiting intriguting examples of evidence and proof rules’ layout. The purpose of the study is to discern the distinct design characteristics of evidence and prove institutions in the criminal procedure laws of the Republic of Moldova and the Russian Federation. The study’s methodological framework rests upon the general scientific principles of cognition such as objectivity, comprehensiveness, pluralism, and historicism. It employs historical, formal-logical and comparative methods, as well as document analysis. By comparing the normative models of evidence and proof institutions in Moldovan and Russian criminal procedure laws, a shared approach to the concept of evidence as a fusion of form and content becomes apparent. Distinct features of the Moldovan criminal procedure law include the systemic and structured arrangement of evidence rules, the formal adoption of the concept of a means of proof, and precise use of terminology. Conversely, the Russian criminal procedure law disperses evidence rules actoss general and specialized sections, leading to regulatory duplications and terminologicals inaccuracies. The historical roots of the evidence and proof institution layout trace back to November 20, 1864, Charter of Criminal Procedure. The Charter’s systematization of norms reflected the nuances of the pre-revolutionary Russian process. Despite the subsequent stage structuring evolution during the Soviet era and procedural form differentiation, the Soviet legislator retained the pre-revolutionary rules’ systematization on evidence. Presently, the current criminal procedure law maintains much of the previous regulatory content, highlighting essential areas for enhancement in evidence and proof institution design to allign more closely with the process’ stage structure and procedural form differentiation, thus mitigating potential abuse of rights. Addressing these design shortcomings is crucial. Rectifing Russian legistation following the comparative study allows drawing insights from Moldova’s legislative experience.

The path dependency of power‐sharing: Bosnia and Herzegovina's, Cyprus', and Lebanon's first experiences with popular representation

AbstractThe political systems of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, and Lebanon are defined by ethnic or religious divides that have historical roots in their Ottoman and European colonial past. This paper aims to investigate the impact of these historical legacies on popular representation and institutional structures. The Ottomans and European colonizers created institutions that allowed subjects to elect their representatives, shaping these countries' initial experiences with modernity. This paper employs historical institutionalism as a theoretical approach, and path dependency as a methodology to explore how historical legacies have shaped the political institutions and power‐sharing arrangements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, and Lebanon.

Math Modules— A Theoretical Review and Cognitive Training Programme

The abstract outlines the content of a review on Math Modules, a program designed to facilitate the learning of foundational math skills through cognitive training techniques that are based on theory with a special focus on planning and executive functions, encompassing cognitive flexibility, attentional control, and working memory. The guiding educational principle is drawn from Vygotsky's concept of zones of proximal development, highlighting the belief that children can accomplish tasks with assistance that they may struggle with independently. In a way, the structure of cognitive training Modules can be viewed as an attempt at construct validity. A review of historical roots of Math modules is presented at some length. The program begins with the division of training the two key components of math proficiency: computing and solving word problems. Both rely on five essential skills.