Historical Product Research Articles

Трансформация подходов к исследованию идентичности и культурной идентичности в конце ХХ – начале ХХI столетий: тенденции и перспективы

This article examines the role of cultural identity policy as a tool for institutionalizing established values, beliefs, and means of sustenance in the structure of cultural identity. It is emphasized that the works of classical scholars of the 20th century address the issue of cultural identity in the context of fundamental theories of personality, motivation, needs, determinisms, and more. In contrast, research conducted in the first quarter of the 21st century exhibits a continuity of these foundational themes. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the transformation of theoretical and methodological approaches is manifested in the reception of the issue of cultural identity-as a conceptual, social, and historical product that is created by individuals and society through processes of joint activity, and that is continually negotiated and modified under the influence of cultural policies and means of their institutionalization. Using research findings as a case study, the article illustrates how the government forms the cultural identity of populations: it instills norms, defines parameters of consciousness, and influences living practices and traditional forms of behavior. However, the intensity of such influence varies significantly. Based on a description of different types of cultural hybridity, the article identifies and represents corresponding types of identity-strong and weak-that manifest in conditions of intercultural communication.

Implementasi Data Mining Prediksi Penjualan Produk Semen Menggunakan Metode Linear Regression (Studi Kasus PT. Toyo Mortar Indonesia)

The cement industry in Indonesia plays a vital role in infrastructure development and the construction sector. PT. Toyo Mortar Indonesia, established in 2015 in the Tangerang industrial area, focuses on the production of instant mortar cement. However, the national cement industry faces the challenge of declining sales due to the pandemic, which has affected people's purchasing power and slowed down property and infrastructure projects. To achieve future growth potential, the right strategy is needed in sales planning. This study implements data mining using the linear regression method with the RapidMiner application to predict cement product sales. The data used includes historical sales data and product information from PT. Toyo Mortar Indonesia. In the tests conducted, the data was processed using 12 variables, of which 10 variables influenced the prediction results: TM-168, TM-178, TM-188, TM-189, TM-198, UM-100, UM-101, UM BIRU, raw materials, and other sales. The test results show that the Linear Regression method can predict cement product sales with an average Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 493,125.701 with a standard deviation of 126,330.525. The average Absolute Error is 303,270.965 with a standard deviation of 46,207.586, and the average relative error is 1.89% with a standard deviation of 0.36%, indicating very good prediction accuracy. This can help the company in making decisions related to sales planning using the available sales data.

Assessment of the Relationship between Cultural Product Features and Tourist Perceptions

The historical product aspects affect consumer happiness and choice, it is important to consider they affect tourists' impressionslike their market worth, genuineness, and remembrance value which affect travelers' opinions and purchase choices. The essential elements that influence travelers' choices and draw attention to disparities differently men and women value these attributes. The results imply that cultural products might be made more appealing by adjusting them to suit the tastes of tourists. This offers insightful information that can be used to enhance the creation and promotion of products and plansfor the cultural tourism industry. To analyze the data, use the SPSS software. Due to any possible prejudices in expressed data and the personal nature of visitor views, the assessment has limitations. Furthermore, the range of elements affecting tourist choices is not fully captured by focusing on certain cultural characteristics of products. To surmount challenges in evaluating the correlation between indigenous products attributes and visitor opinions, guarantee a varied sample to apprehend differing inclinations and incorporate sophisticated analytics to more effectively comprehend and cater to particular customer requirements. Furthermore, collaborating with cultural specialists can improve product solutions' validity and credibility. By aware of these variables, marketing campaigns can be more focused and successful in raising visitor happiness and involvement.

Predicting demand for new products in fashion retailing using censored data

In today’s highly competitive fashion retail market, it is crucial to have accurate demand forecasting systems, namely for new products. Many experts have used machine learning techniques to forecast product sales. However, sales that do not happen due to lack of product availability are often ignored, resulting in censored demand and service levels that are lower than expected. Motivated by the relevance of this issue, we developed a two-stage approach to forecast the demand for new products in the fashion retail industry. In the first stage, we compared four methods of transforming historical sales into historical demand for products already commercialized. Three methods used sales-weighted averages to estimate demand on the days with stock-outs, while the fourth method employed an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to account for potential substitute products affected by stock-outs of preferred products. We then evaluated the performance of these methods and selected the most accurate one for calculating the primary demand for these historical products. In the second stage, we predicted the demand for the products of the following collection using Random Forest, Deep Neural Networks, and Support Vector Regression algorithms. In addition, we applied a model that consisted of weighting the demands previously calculated for the products of past collections that were most similar to the new products. We validated the proposed methodology using a European fashion retailer case study. The results revealed that the method using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm had the highest potential, followed by the Random Forest algorithm. We believe that this approach will lead to more assertive and better-aligned decisions in production management.

The Universe of Germany’s Foreign Trade Prior to World War I

Abstract We present a new disaggregated dataset on Germany’s exports and imports from 1880 to 1913. The data covers trade in both quantity and value at the product level. It thus comprises the universe of the data in terms of products and trade partners, at annual frequency. To ensure comparability over time and to data from other countries, the historical product categories are re-classified according to the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC, Rev. 2 and Rev. 4). Moreover, we integrate Hamburg and Bremen into the German trade statistics – two important port cities, which were not covered by the major German trade records until 1888. We describe the new data in terms of five stylized facts and make suggestions for its use in research.

Assessment of a downscaling using quantiles mapping with MIROC Model in Guadalquivir Basin, Bolivia

In this study historical and combined GS precipitation products were assessed versus climate change scenarios at Guadalquivir basin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the downscaling procedure using Quantiles Downscaling Mapping (QDM). This scheme is based in statistical analysis where precipitation and temperature are adjusted using observed datasets. Moreover, simulated river discharge was obtained using HYDROBID tool. It was identified underestimation of combined GS precipitation product as well as simulated river discharge. Three climate change scenarios from MIROC CORDEX were used namely: RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The precipitation and temperature analyses were performed at daily time step. The results of QDM application showed more efficiency with RCP 8.5 and combined product GS for the 230 subbasins. About hydrological modeling using CORDEX variables, it was observed perturbed climate change using combined product GS with lower values against rain gauges. In this sense, precipitation and discharge were underestimated. Temperature showed the best performance at all cases. Finally, discharge series were integrated into volumes, where a decrease in water availability at the basins was noted as for near and far future. It is recommended to use perturbed scenarios with combined precipitation product since it is the most critical and takes into account the spatial variability with 230 syntactical rain gauges.

Novel calibration design improves knowledge transfer across products for the characterization of pharmaceutical bioprocesses.

Modern machine learning has the potential to fundamentally change the way bioprocesses are developed. In particular, horizontal knowledge transfer methods, which seek to exploit data from historical processes to facilitate process development for a new product, provide an opportunity to rethink current workflows. In this work, we first assess the potential of two knowledge transfer approaches, meta learning and one-hot encoding, in combination with Gaussian process (GP) models. We compare their performance with GPs trained only on data of the new process, that is,local models. Using simulated mammalian cell culture data, we observe that both knowledge transfer approaches exhibit test set errors that are approximately halved compared to those of the local models when two, four, or eight experiments of the new product are used for training. Subsequently, we address the question whether experiments for a new product could be designed more effectively by exploiting existing knowledge. In particular, we suggest to specifically design a few runs for the novel product to calibrate knowledge transfer models, a task that we coin calibration design. We propose a customized objective function to identify a set of calibration design runs, which exploits differences in the process evolution of historical products. In two simulated case studies, we observed that training with calibration designs yields similar test set errors compared to common design of experiments approaches. However, the former requires approximately four times fewer experiments. Overall, the results suggest that process development could be significantly streamlined when systematically carrying knowledge from one product to the next.

Characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater at a typical smelter-contaminated site in Southwest China

To explore the characteristics and evaluate the risk of heavy metals in groundwater at a typical smelter-contaminated site, this study focuses on a representative a historical arsenic smelting plant in Southwest China, where the primary historical products were metallic arsenic (∼1000 tons/year) and arsenic trioxide (∼2000 ton/year). The results demonstrated As and Pb as the main pollutants in soil, and As and Cd as main pollutants in groundwater through soil profiling and quarterly groundwater analysis. The maximum As and Pb in the surface soil were 76800 and 2290 mg/kg, respectively, with As vertically infiltrating the deep gravel–sand layer (18–20 m). The groundwater pollution distribution progressively increased along flow direction, influenced by seasonal surface runoff and infiltration fluctuations. The groundwater pollutant concentrations during the dry season notably surpassed those during the wet season, with maximum As and Cd concentrations of 111.64 mg/L and 19.85 μg/L during the dry season, respectively. Furthermore, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to evaluate the comprehensive risk of contaminated-site across pollution source load, regional groundwater intrinsic vulnerability, and evaluation of nearby sensitive receptors. The results revealed that the carcinogenic risk of lead in surface soil was moderate to high, while arsenic posed a high carcinogenic risk, contributing to an overall carcinogenic risk proportion of 89.6% in surface soil. Exposure through groundwater intake was identified as the primary pathway, with carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks exceeding those through skin contact. The final weights result demonstrated that the principal risk factors are the intrinsic arsenic load and protective target characteristics of regional groundwater at this site. This study provides a reference for comprehensive assessments of similarly contaminated industrial and smelting sites.

Repair and Reuse or Recycle: What Is Best for Small WEEE in Australia?

The global and Australian trends indicate a steady increase in the generation of small waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), constituting 30% of global WEEE in 2019 with an expected 90% increase in Australia over the next 25 years. Given this fact, identifying the most suitable circular economy strategy is vital in managing this waste stream. Hence, followed by a review of the literature, a model was developed to assess the suitability of repair, reuse, and recycling of small electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) by considering the lifespan and products put on the market (PoM) as critical variables. Findings indicate that solely repairing and reusing products, without reducing PoM small EEE, minimally affects short-term waste reduction. A synergistic approach, combining high product reuse with reduced PoM small EEE, is essential to decrease small WEEE generation significantly. Regardless of lifespan changes, the study indicates a proportional relationship between small WEEE generation rates and PoM small EEE changes, emphasising the need for a holistic strategy. Considering this, within stewardship schemes, the primary focus should initially lie on repairing and repurposing small EEE, with the potential for expansion into recycling once sufficient infrastructure and achievable recovery goals are established. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) must shoulder substantial accountability, with a firm commitment to extended producer responsibility (EPR) even for historical products. The initial rollout could target four specific categories: toys, food preparation equipment, vacuum cleaners, and household tools, with the scope widening to encompass all categories following successful implementation.

Idealism and biologism in social reproduction theory: A materialist critique

The article gives a materialist interpretation of the first, second and third Marxist-feminist Theses through a critical analysis of the Unitary Theory of Social Reproduction. It argues that Social Reproduction Theory resorts to idealism and biologism when explaining male domination. A meta-critical incision will be carried out by studying the use Social Reproduction Theory makes of categories such as ‘production’, ‘reproduction’, ‘exploitation’ and ‘oppression’, in that these categories are addressed as historical while the categories of ‘women’ and ‘men’ are de-historicized and naturalized. According to Unitary Theories, ‘women’ are not material, historical products of patriarchy but biological beings (biologism) that have been culturally devalued (idealism). This leads to an essentialist ontology where ‘women’ and ‘men’ precede the relations of production that create them. This idea obstructs the formation of a materialist philosophy of praxis.

How to think about the clinical classifications of acquired aplastic anemia

Paying attention to the diagnosis and classification of acquired aplastic anemia (AA) is the basis for improving the efficacy and the guarantee for the correct exploration of the pathological mechanism, which is of great clinical and academic significance. At present, AA classification is still based on clinical characteristics, which is a historical product of academic development.It is beneficial to guide symptomatic treatment and for the onset of curative treatment. However, the clinical classification of AA cannot replace the pathological mechanism classification to guide the treatment of the root cause. The classification of the pathological mechanism of AA determines the choice of treatment strategy, and can provide a basis for the study of etiology and prevention, and is also the future research direction. Paying attention to the classification of the pathological mechanism of AA is the basis for improving the efficacy and the guarantee for the correct exploration of the pathological mechanism. Modern medicine has entered the era of "molecular targets" and "precision", and how to treat clinical classification based on clinical characteristics is an important issue faced by clinicians. When many different mechanisms of bone marrow failure isolated from AA patients can be accurately identified, that is, when the clinically diagnosed AA has been truly purified into a disease with a clear pathological mechanism, the clinical classification of AA can help to choose the root cause strategy. This article mainly focuses on how to view the clinical classification of AA for the reference of colleagues.

Analisis Atribut Produk Wisata Sejarah Di Candi Tanjung Medan

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world which has cultural diversity. The development of the tourism sector in Indonesia continues to be carried out in various regions until now, one of which is the Tanjung Medan Temple. This research aims to analyze the attributes of historical tourism products at Tanjung Medan Temple. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, with data collection through interviews, observation and documentation. Using qualitative descriptive data analysis that describes the attributes of historical tourism products at Tanjung Medan Temple. Determining research informants used snowball sampling with a total of 11 informants, but if no conclusions were found, the researcher had the right to add further informants, with the criteria being figures from the Tourism Office, managers, ninik mamak, the community, visitors to the Tanjung Medan temple. The results of the research show that cultural products are in the form of movable cultural heritage in the form of linga yoni, peripih, and jars made of clay. The narrative product at Tanjung Medan Temple consists of a tour guide and interpretation panels. Tourist products consist of travel scenarios and product packaging. Destination products consist of main attractions, accommodation, transportation, restaurants, souvenir shops, infrastructure. It can be concluded that the results of the document study during pre-research show that there are no tourist packages available in West Sumatra which makes Tanjung Medan Temple one of the destinations for tourist visits. So it is necessary to develop historical tourism product attributes at Tanjung Medan Temple.

Research on Automated Pricing and Supplementation Decision-making of Vegetable Products

In fresh supermarkets, the shelf life of vegetable products is usually very short, so it is crucial to replenish inventory daily based on historical sales data and product line requirements. In order to strengthen decision-making and inventory management, this article first selects representative supermarket sales data and conducts appropriate preprocessing, and then adopts a series of effective analysis methods. Firstly, using Kappa consistency testing to explore the correlation between different vegetable categories can help determine which products may be correlated in sales. In addition, in order to better formulate pricing and replenishment strategies for vegetable products, this article introduces a cost-plus pricing model. When determining the markup coefficient, multiple linear regression was used to ensure that the price-setting process is reasonable and consistent with cost and demand. In order to further confirm the accuracy and feasibility of this method, the article calculated the R-squared value of multiple linear regression, which reached 0.975, providing strong validation for the effectiveness of this method. When formulating replenishment strategies, in order to obtain sales forecasts for vegetable categories within the next 7 days, this article also uses a seasonal ARIMA model, which helps supermarkets plan inventory and supply chain more effectively. These strengthening measures have jointly improved the decision-making ability of vegetable product management in supermarkets, promoted more effective data-driven strategies, ensured the freshness and quality of vegetable products, and maximized the economic benefits of supermarkets.

Las estructuraciones elementales del patriarcado

This article reviews Lévi-Strauss’s Alliance Theory based on the feminist critiques of the seventies and current archaeological findings. Its central hypothesis argues that the theory should be understood as a historical product tied to a specific form of masculine domination that became hegemonic in terms of scientific, colonial, and Eurocentric discourse from the nineteenth century onwards. To introduce these arguments, the second section of the article offers a brief glossary of terms on kinship. The third section offers some interpretative reservations to consider when rereading the classics of this anthropological subfield. The fourth explores the analytical assumptions and central hypotheses of Lévi-Straussian theorizing on kinship, and the fifth section synthesizes the current archaeological findings on Paleolithic human groups, an exercise through which we deconstruct several of Lévi-Strauss’s maxims. Finally, the last section concludes by proposing a rereading of Lévi-Straussian theory and discussing the definition of patriarchy in terms of hegemony.

Stevens' Cure (Umckaloabo)-the vindication of a patent medicine.

Stevens' Cure (Umckaloabo) emerged as a patent medicine claiming to treat tuberculosis in the United Kingdom at the beginning of the 20th century. However, due to its identity being shrouded in secrecy, it was never truly accepted by the medical community. It was "rediscovered" in the 1970s and subsequently developed into a very popular and successful phytopharmaceutical for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. Whether Stevens' Cure contained the same ingredient(s) as the modern Umckaloabo has not yet been demonstrated. We attempted to elucidate for the first time the identity of the original ingredient by comparative analysis of historical product samples. Three historical samples of Stevens' Cure were compared with Pelargonium sidoides DC. and P. reniforme Curt. root per UPLC-MS analysis. We confirm that the ingredient-P. sidoides DC.-is indeed the same as used in modern phytotherapy. We also attribute the first ethnopharmacological record of P. sidoides DC. being used for the treatment of tuberculosis to C. H. Stevens, the "creator" of Umckaloabo.

RELIGION AND THE STATE: THE FUNCTIONAL PURPOSES AND THE ISSUE OF LEGITIMACY

The present paper examines the importance of the functional criterion employed in assessing the legitimacy of the state in the context of political and Islamic communities. The main, underlying hypothesis is that the existence of the state, as envisaged by Muslims political scholars, is linked to the realization of the legitimate purposes as well as the empowerment of the Ummah’s sacred values and principles. This approach, which is based on the religious criterion of legitimacy presumes that the legitimacy of the state is contingent upon its commitments towards the requirements that were initially established to achieve. Regarding the methodology, this paper combines a historical approach to explore the origins of the state and its connection to religion, alongside content analysis aimed at comprehending the metaphysical foundation underlying the state’s inception. The paper concludes that the state, in its Islamic perspective, is a historical product, wherein text and history intertwine, resulting from the interaction of the political community that rule it with their believed religious metaphysics. This requires the subordination of the state to the Ummah as a functional tool rather than an independent entity.

Public policies, gender, and STEM careers

In this work, the role of the State in public policies that subsidize the guarantee of social rights is discussed, as well as gender disparities are addressed as a historical product of the discrimination to which women have been subjected and which result in their absence in STEM careers. (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). The mapping of existing public policies and the requirement that advances be established is a necessity to allow equal access for women to opportunities and spaces of power.

A data-driven approach to predicting consumer preferences for product customization

Product customization is a complex task that relies heavily on consumer preferences. Eliciting these preferences can be challenging for firms looking to develop novel products and require significant investments of both time and effort. Prediction models can serve to replace traditional methods of understanding consumer preferences such as elicitation, focus groups or the designer’s intuition, while speeding up the production cycle and saving cost. Current prediction models generally focus on one specific product type and require large amounts of data or historical product data. The idea of predicting consumer preferences for products based on the product type and its features using a clustering approach has not been explored in literature. This paper presents a proof-of-concept consumer preference prediction and decision support model based on a data-driven approach to design for product customization. First, consumer preference information is crowdsourced using surveys with 307 individual responses that are collected for a data set of thirty-seven training products and three validation products. Second, clustering techniques are assessed for user-generated clustering variables along with features that are extracted with artificial intelligence (ChatGPT). A threshold metric is proposed to evaluate the accuracy of different clustering algorithms. Third, a recommendation model is developed for customization decisions, and it is validated with three different products with an average accuracy of 70%. Areas for future work to improve the accuracy and expand the scope of the model are discussed including the use of a larger training data set, different machine learning approaches, and the improved use of ChatGPT.

Philosophy of Body: Practicing Logic, Managing Diversity and Telling about that Practice and Management: the African Contribution to the Practice of Philosophy

While in predicating and designating, quantifying and generalizing, and in numbering, English speakers use one/many figuring, Yoruba speakers do the same in whole/part as they, like their English counterparts, do the little embodied rituals (with hands, eyes, gestures) that go with these acts. Numbers as used in English and Yoruba languages reveal two systems of abstraction constructed in two diverse systems of categorization. The disparity in the two strings of abstraction is the divergence between Yoruba and English, regarding the forms of actions that bodies do, actions that are in turn coded as the language users engage in predication and designation. As a part of grammar, natural number is a historical product; an attempt at giving meaning. It has been naturalized, and is no longer seen as a social product. Establishing how the truths numbers form come into existence, Verran explains quantifying as resulting from ritualized and routinized collective embodied acting. She renders an account of generalization in the explanatory frame of “emergent worlds.” She tells of the experience of doing quantification and managing diversity in a manner that allows a “going-on together” in Yoruba classrooms, markets, and civil administration. She tells of practicing diversity and telling about that practice, a responsible communication of diversity as practicable and amenable to matters of mutual concern. She also recounts an ‘irresponsible’ doing and telling of difference (conservativist universalism and liberalist relativism), a contriving that legislates a moral order, presenting difference as undoable and unmanageable. Contemplating worlds as outcomes of reciprocally rebelling and cooperating co-players, we find explanatory frames that not only celebrate difference and sameness, and appreciate the place of the inanimate in the animate (human), but also that do not radically sever the symbolic from the material.

Matching target color in polyolefins by estimating pigment concentrations using a four-flux model.

In applications of computer color formulation where color stimuli are optically thick (e.g.,textiles, coatings, etc.), a simple single-constant or two-constant theory (e.g.,Kubelka-Munk model) would suffice. To accurately predict reflectance and transmittance of materials with optical thickness ranging from optically thin to optically thick (e.g.,plastics), mathematically complex radiative transfer theories (e.g.,many-flux models) have been recommended. A many-flux model can even predict color formulation involving special-effect pigments (e.g.,metallic, pearlescent, etc.), but implementation of such models is manyfold complicated. In the current study, applicability of a relatively simple Maheu-Letoulouzan-Gouesbet (MLG) four-flux radiative transfer model to optically varying pigmented polyolefins is thoroughly investigated. First, the MLG model was implemented to determine absorption and scattering coefficients of over 120 pigments where a new mean relative absolute spectral error (MRASE) between measured and calculated spectral reflectance and transmittance of the calibration samples was minimized as an objective function. Second, currently determined absorption and scattering coefficients were further validated by color recipe prediction of 350 historical product colors. Measured and predicted reflectance curves were compared in units of MRASE, CIEDE2000 color difference, metamerism index, root mean square error, and goodness-of-fit coefficient. Moreover, transmission matching was evaluated in units of percent difference between the required and predicted average transmittance. Results showed that with the current implementation of the MLG four-flux model, color recipes of at least 95% of the target colors can be predicted within the acceptability thresholds in units of different error metrics used in the study.