Picture Of History Research Articles

Archive, Mediation, and Reflections on Colonization in Modern Asia

This paper will use the artworks and exhibitions of Cai Yingqian, Chen Min, Timoteus Anggawan Kusno, and Chen Chieh-jen to discuss how contemporary art reflects on modern colonial history through mediations. By employing ready-made media materials handed down through history, archival art moves from medium to mediation, mediating between subjects, media materials, and artistic works, and at the same time highlights the materiality and mediality of media, forming a historical picture where media and the message, objects and narrations, images and the deceased together form a unified entity. While the narrative and memory of history rely on media, mediation can summon the memory of the past. Artists can activate images and turn them into an “afterlife” to open sealed historical spacetime, resurrecting the forgotten experience of modern colonial history in Asia, and finally inciting us to face the colonial structure, which is nowadays still at the core of Asian geopolitics. Ultimately, every kind of mediation reverts back to the media itself. The construction of the archive, the production of knowledge, and the opacity of media are revealed by the close connection between colonialism and mediation.

An Archaeological Synthesis of Israel’s History

Abstract The purpose of this review article is to summarize some of the most important pieces of historical evidence and interpretation that William Dever provides in his book, to respond to major points of disagreement that I have with his interpretation, and to appreciate the importance of this volume in the current discussion of the history of ancient Israel. This requires an examination of specific archaeological artifacts and tells, something the Dever covers so well in his integration into a historical picture. It also touches briefly on many of the major issues regarding Israel’s history from its origins to the 7th century and the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem and Judah.

Historical Sociology of Qajar Royal Wall Paintings

The idea and inspiration of an artist derived from the life experiences which artist gained from the interaction and exchange with the society and surroundings. This society is also affected by the conditions and incidents that have universal influence on societies in local and regional levels. Based on this flow of influences, the paintings can be recognized as the pictorial history of every society which can present the historical conditions and social specifications of the time and place the paintings created. This becomes more important when the work of art is custom-made or aimed at announcing and displaying authority or a state-political statement. Studying the Qajar royal wall paintings from the sociological point of view, will open up a door to the current culture of the society and the ideology of that era. Due to so many reasons these wall paintings are the most important in the artistic works of the Qajar period. The great variety and diversity in the subjects, color palettes, and theme, the compilation of tradition and modernism in the style all represent signs of a desire to achieve a great goal, which is the same as the influence and authority of the sovereignty. The complexities of the social and political conditions of the Qajar dynasty on the one hand and the correlation between the artistic movements and these conditions on the other hand, make the solid studying and analyzing the wall paintings of this period , regardless of the social and political influence of this historical period, difficult or even in vain.In this research, after presenting the definitions related to historical sociology and studying the relation between the histo-sociology and studying the works of arts, effective factors in the study of the wall paintings of the Qajar period are discussed. As the first factor, the social class of the painters and patrons of these paintings is discussed. The painters categorized based on their work, style and also the type of artwork they create. Based on the fact that these paintings were designed and implemented for the purpose of transmitting a certain message, the next factor was the audience of this type of paintings, according to which the language and composition of the design and images were determined. After examining these components, the influence of royal wall paintings of Qajar in historical sociology is discussed on the basis of social and political specifications of that time. The purpose of this discussion is not to consider these spesifications and factors in a general overwiew, but to study the role of different factors in the process of formation of the royal paintings of this period. This research is based on descriptive-analytical and comparative approach and using library studies and observations of works, investigates the wall paintings of the Qajar period in terms of structural and visual elements, identifying different aspects of them. The impact of historical sociology and its relationship with the wall paintings of the Qajar period is considered as the main objective of the research. The main question in this study is whether the Qajar royal wall paintings represent the social and political relations at the national and international levels of the Qajar era. The impressive influence of the political, social and historical conditions on the Qajar royal wall paintings as a result of this research has made it possible for these wall paintings to be valid and credible clues and documents in the studies of sociology of this historical period in Iran. Studying Qajar painting helps importantly to identify and study the art and culture of Qajar dynasty. Existence of lots of paintings, diversity of designs, color and subject, combining tradition and modernism were factors for selecting this dynasty to investigate. As the painting is the visual history of each era, sociology studying of painting in this dynasty will make one to understand common culture and thinking of people in that society. Keywords: Art Sociology, Historical Art Sociology, Qajar Art, Royal Wall Paintings, Pictorial History.

Normative legal regulation of land relations of Kuban Cossacks in the XIX century

The subject of this research is the land relations of Kuban Cossacks viewed through the prism of normative legal institutionalization. Special attention is given to the problem of land use of kuren and stanitsa farm settlements. The author examines the peculiarities of land use of Black Sea and Line Cossacks, questions of population and development of Kuban in the XIX century. Methodological platform is comprised of the general scientific principles of historicism, objectivity, alternativeness and systematicity, which gives a comprehensive perspective upon the problem of land use of Cossack settlements and reconstructs a holistic historical picture of research. Self-containment of land relations of Kuban Cossacks remained a phenomenon of local history for a long time, and is yet to be examined in modern Russian historiography. The following conclusions were made: 1) free use of land in Kuban in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries was gradually replaced by more restrictive measures for normative regulation of land relations; 2) practice of permissive type of legal regulation developed into the replotting system of land distribution in Kuban Cossack Army chronologically define reallotment of land; 3) initial restrictions in multiple Cossack communities with regards to  the use of wild lands spread onto the use of any land, and crop lands became the first category in allocation of lands in Kuban.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ БУДУЩЕГО В РОМАНЕ ДЭВИДА ФОСТЕРА УОЛЛЕСА «БЕСКОНЕЧНАЯ ШУТКА»

The article examines a novel «Infinite Jest» by an American writer David Foster Wallace in the context of postmodern paradigm and the following literary and cultural tendencies. On the basis of the works by cultural critics Simon Reynolds and Mark Fisher, who argue that contemporary culture lacks interest in future, the study focuses on time and its perception as a topic in the novel. The main goal of this work is to identify the novel’s images and motives that have a connection with the concept of future. The main points of the study are the reception of time through the introduction of new type of calendar in the novel, images of possible historic picture of the future (geopolitical tendencies, ecological problems, etc.) and the chosen time period in the narrative (ambiguous future). The article also provides an analysis of postmodern paradigm’s time frame for the clarification of the novel’s position in literary and cultural sphere during its development.

The Price of Holiness: Torah Scrolls in the Tannaitic Marketplace

Abstract This paper situates Tannaitic attitudes toward the market for Torah scrolls within the larger historical context of Roman Palestine over the first two centuries CE. After developing a historical picture of how that market may have functioned, it explores the rabbis’ literary treatment of Torah scrolls within the Mishnah and Tosefta. Tannaitic text and context reveal a tension between two modes of thought, the “idealist” and the “pragmatist” viewpoints. On one hand, the Torah scroll stands sui generis, wholly separate from mundane considerations of economic profit. On the other, the rabbis reluctantly conceded to the reality of the market, however much they may have wished to ignore it.

HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE PEOPLES OF TURKESTAN IN THE PAGES OF THE TURKESTAN COLLECTION

In this article, the author, using widely the materials of the multivolume essay "Turkestan Collection" stored in a single copy in the city of Tashkent, could in a detailed plan provide a real historical picture of the past, activities, household, culture and life, family and household characteristics, national character , morals and spiritual and moral values, and ideals of nomadic Kazakhs. The works of N.M. Przhevalsky, I.V. Mushketov, travel notes by P.P. Semenov and N.A. Severtsov – researchers of the Tien Shan, the works of N.A. Maev on the Turkestan Territory, and others were published. At the same time in periodicals many articles have appeared, often for the first time touching upon and covering political and economic issues, history, ethnography and culture of Central Asia

РАЗВИТИЕ УШУ В РОССИИ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

Statement of the problem. The article presents the formation and development of the Chinese recreational gymnastics Wushu in Russia, taking into account the features inherent in martial arts (the unity of body and spiritual principles). The problem is due to the sharp increase in the popularity of Wushu gymnastics in Russia with a lack of information about this type of physical activity. The purpose of the article is to determine the basic basic principles of Wushu and the characteristics of its dissemination, taking into account Russian national characteristics. The methodology of the article is the analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature on the research of Russian scientists, researchers and practitioners on the role and place of Wushu in the modern process in the field of physical culture and sports. Research results. The historical picture of formation of eastern gymnastic practices in the Russian system of recreational activities is reflected. The attitude of Russian authors, both positive and negative, to oriental healing techniques, including the account of characteristics of the religious faith dominating in Russia, has been revealed. Conclusion. The emergence, consolidation and development of oriental healing methods, in particular, Chinese Wushu gymnastics in Russian conditions, has been favorably received by the community and has great prospects for development under the current political, economic and cultural conditions.

FEATURES OF INFORMATION PRESENTATION ON THE LITERARY AND LOCAL HISTORY WEBSITE OF THE MUNICIPAL DISTRICT

While carrying out their local lore activities, public libraries of the country orientate themselves on the “Guide on local lore activity of public libraries in RF” goals. In rural municipal districts, library local lore activity has its own characteristics. The article reveals the specifics of the layout of the material on the rural municipal Internet resource, gives the results of the study of “Literary map” sites of the Siberian Federal district rural areas. Attention focuses on the causes of loss of locally generated literary and local history materials and the necessity for them to be restored and preserved in order to introduce literary and historical picture of the region.The characteristic of the author’s model, that represents literature and local history material at the library website, is given; a link to materials describing the detailed mechanism of creation of literature and local history site is adduced; the structure of the website is given; statistical indicators showing the demand for the development of this theme in Russia are enumerated. Special attention is paid to the introduction to the site a section that allows composing material on human settlements. It contains brief geographical, historical, toponymical, demographic information about the settlements of the municipality, as well as full-text literary material. The article makes a significant contribution to the study of literary and local history material as a part of the cultural heritage of Russia, highlights the problem of presenting this information in an open access on the Internet.The results of the study, conducted on the base of Prokopievsk municipal libraries of the Kemerovo region, correlate with the tasks, set for cultural institutions in the national project “Culture”, developed within the framework of the presidential Decree “On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024”, which includes, along with the projects “Cultural environment”, “Creative people”, the Federal project “Digital culture”.

The history of national constructions of 1940 (by the example of the Ferghana Valley)

Based on scientific, historical and archival sources the author of the paper analyzes the history of developing plans aimed at irrigation of virgin lands in the central part of the Ferghana Valley in the first half of the 20th century by large Russian scientists and specialists. The author also shows a historical picture of the construction of the irrigation facilities of the Ferghana Valley using the high-speed hashar folk method in 1940. With the construction of hydraulic structures such as the northern and southern Ferghana canals, a new stage began in the development of irrigated agriculture in the Ferghana Valley, since the water of these hydraulic structures made it possible to irrigate new virgin lands in the central part and foothill areas of the Ferghana Valley. But it should be noted that these large and complex irrigation canals were constructed by the peoples of Uzbekistan mainly with the use of primitive tools such as a hoe, a crow, a shovel, a stretcher and pickaxes. For nearly 80 years, these hydraulic structures have provided agricultural areas with life-giving water. The author of the paper also summarizes the essence of economic measures carried out by the Soviet government on the development of irrigated agriculture in the valley.

The principles of organizing the material-technical support of the electric machine-building complex of the UKSSR in 1920-1925

In this article re-create the historical picture of the process of forming the material and technical component of Ukrainian electric machine engineering during 1920-1925. Clarified that it took place in the context of policies of concentration of production in the public sector of the economy and centralization of the republican industry management at the Union level, and that fully corresponded to the concept of the USSR government regarding the conduct of electrification of the country. During the study period, the order of material and technical support of electric machine-building became the main and most effective way to achieve the objectives set by these policies in the Ukrainian segment of the Union industry. Electrification of production processes became one of the cornerstones of the Soviet government's industrialization of industry, the beginning of which he laid in the second half of the 1920s. This moment has determined the leading role of electrical engineering in the period of total transition to mechanization of production processes, as the development of this industry directly affected the composition of their characters and, accordingly, the consumption of electricity through the production of its conversion into mechanical and vice versa. Meanwhile, as early as the early 1920s, the domestic sphere of electric machine production was in a deep crisis, connected primarily with the consequences of the civil war (1918–1921). However, given the scale of the tasks set before it within the Soviet concept of electrification of the country in the middle of the same decade, its scientific and technological potential at this time was strong enough to at least achieve such tasks.However with it, the principles of filling the material-technical component of the scientific-technical potential of the electric machine-building complex, formed at that time, complicated this component future optimization, since they were based on the preventive increase in the absolute value of production capacities, without taking into account both the dynamics of the expansion of the range of electric machines and the development of means and technologies for their production.

PECULIARITIES OF THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE DISSIDENT MOVEMENT IN UKRAINE In the 1950s-1980s

The article deals with the peculiarities of the development of the domestic and foreign historiography of the dissident movement in the Ukrainian SSR in the 1950’s and 1980’s. Particular attention is paid to key figures and issues in the topic. It has been determined that the study of the problem is under development. Only at the present stage are the first soil works published. However, the regional aspect of the topic is poorly understood. The article analyzes the first key works on the topic. The author presents the main topics of foreign and diaspora scholars who have researched the dissident movement in Ukraine. The article gives an analysis of contemporary Ukrainian studies of dissent in the USSR.The historiography of the problem is quite diverse. It includes works by both domestic and foreign authors who, since independence, have rushed to fill the «white spots» in the history of Ukrainian dissident. However, unfortunately, it should be acknowledged that the greatest contribution to the actualization and development of this topic has been made not by historians but by political scientists, writers, publicists, and journalists. Most of the historical works on this subject are so far disparate articles, which highlight certain fragments of social processes that require conscientious unification like puzzles in order to get a complete historical picture and find out all the circumstances of the emergence of a dissident movement in the conditions of totalitarian movement / authoritarian regime and determine its role in the proclamation of state independence of Ukraine.

From Bits and Bytes to Big Data - An Historical Overview

About a century ago the computer revolution started in the USA. Computers and mobile devices have now become an integral part of our lives in the workplace. The first attempts to investigate the data output started in the 1960s on a command prompt blinking on the computer monitor. Later in the 1990s, powerful data mining tools were created to sort and analyze large amounts of data. Now the new technologies and tools such as Big Data Analytics allow us to instantly capture and analyze an enormous amount of personal and institutional data about clients, financial transactions, social networks, and everything else happening online. This paper attempts to provide a fresh insight into the evolution of “data” acquiring such a prominent role and value. It provides a pictorial history using secondary data sources and attempts to provide an overview of current tools, technologies, and trends associated with the evolution of Big Data Analytics.

Japanese Military Intervention in Primorye in the Anti-Soviet Sources: a Contemporary View

The article is devoted to the problems of history of Japanese-Russian relations, which form modern perception of the past of bilateral relations in Russian society. One of the most significant moment in this part of history was Japanese intervention in the Far East region. In the Soviet society the political propaganda formed a wrong image about intervention as an act of aggression of the Japanese Empire against Russia and its attempt of a territorial takeover. The same point of view prevails in today’s bibliography, which can be explained by the insufficient study of this event. The analysis of anti-Soviet sources, both published and stored in archives, allows for the perspective of a sophisticated and divergent reality of the events of 1918—1922. As a result, a more objective historical picture is restored, in which the intervention goals were constantly changing during this period along with the evolution of Russian public opinion. There were also differences in attitudes depending on a region: those who lived in Primorye were more loyal to the Japanese intervention and more trustful towards the Japanese policy in the Russian East. The restored picture of historical events provides for better understanding in current Russo-Japaneserelations.

Przestępczość kobiet na ziemiach polskich w XIX i XX w.

The aim of the article is to present how women's crime has evolved over the years, whether it has changed or whether it has looked similar in each period. The story is divided into three periods, women's crime up to 1918, 1918-1939, and 1946-1989, because socio-economic changes in those times were so important that they certainly influenced society. The study presents, as far as possible, trends, structure and dynamics of crime, and also discusses crimes characteristic of women. A paper shows what was characteristic of crime in particular periods, how economic changes affected society and which crimes were most frequently committed by women. The picture of women's crime from antiquity to 1989 is analysed using official data (crime statistics, court statistics), as well as stories of individual cases, such as witchcraft trials, medieval cases of women accused of adventurism, or the most famous murder in the interwar period - the case of Rita Gorgonowa. The article presents, as far as possible, a historical picture of women's crime, using various sources. Materials from before the Second World War, and even from the 19th century were used and also the scientific works of the most eminent criminologists of the time. The article was enriched with statistical data from the Ministry of Justice and pre-war statistical yearbooks. This paper uses three research methods, a dogmatic method, literature analysis and the analysis and interpretation of statistical data in order to present a picture of women's crime in those times as best as possible.

The Digital Harrisburg Project: Placing the Population of a Progressive Era City

ABSTRACT Our article describes the work of the Digital Harrisburg Project in placing the population of Pennsylvania's capital city on geocoded historical maps in 1900–1930. We argue that geocoded census data—population tied to precise locations in a GIS—marks a game-changer for creating fine-grained historical pictures of human mobility and changing urban diversity. Because historical federal census tables recorded information about race, immigration, occupation, property value, and home address, the historian has the power to study patterns of residence that relate to complex forces such as regional and global immigration, economic change, and urban reform. Census records and historical maps are hardly unproblematic, however, and require care in analysis and interpretation. The article highlights the digital project and data, the challenges of digitizing demographic records and geocoding urban space, and potential applications for rethinking historical problems such as City Beautiful.

ГРЕЦЬКИЙ СЛОВОТВІР: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СУФІКСАЦІЇ

The article analyzes the main features of the affixation as one of the ways of the Greek word formation, of suffixation in particular. In order to reveal the complete historical picture concerning the processes of appearance or loss of specific suffixes, besides the synchronic, the diachronic approach was used in the work. Firstly, the history of the development of linguistic traditions of the Greek language is mentioned, the main theoretical concepts are defined, such as: a word-forming type as the main classification unit of a word-forming paradigm, a word-forming meaning and a word-forming category. The Greek suffixes were divided into two types: those that add an emotional tone to the word (diminutive, augmentative), and give a new meaning to the word. Diminutive suffixes are are of substantival and adjective nature, while augmentative suffixes might also be added to the verb bases. It is noted that the augmentatives are used exclusively in masculine and feminine genders, while diminutives are used in three genders (of which the neuter prevails). Suffixes of the second type transfer the creative basis into another grammatical category, changing the meaning. In the system of Modern Greek nouns several word-forming categories were singled out, on the basis of which word-forming models and meanings of suffixal derivatives are demonstrated. Adjective suffixation is briefly examined. The most common verb and adverb suffixes are listed. The main data on the Greek suffixation are systematized in the article: the general features of MG suffixes, the main differences between the features of AG and MG suffixations, the evolution of MG suffixation is analyzed on the basis of four types of suffixes, the borrowed MG suffixes are classified by origin.

Tertullian of Carthage and the Fantasy Life of Power: On Martyrs, Christians, and Other Attachments to Juridical Scenes

Scholars have read Tertullian of Carthage, especially his obsessions with Roman officials and juridical procedures, as a window into early Christian martyrological discourses and the concerns of real Christian communities. Conversely, this article argues that Tertullian is better understood as an unexceptional part of a larger cultural phenomenon of fantasies of Roman power and juridical scenes. The Roman Empire took hold in the minds of its provincial subjects through its curious combination of symbolic presence and concrete administrative absence. Various geographic and genre-specific examples suggest a prevalence of fantasy life around certain articulations of Roman power, as colonial subjects tried to make sense of intensified social change. Juridical scenes in particular promised truth, resolution, and clarity where there was little to be found. This article situates Tertullian within such social ambiguities, ones that defined life in Roman Carthage, and demonstrates that Tertullian's stark renditions of Roman authorities in confrontation with Christians are largely fabricated from literary sources. This context and Tertullian's writings paint a historical picture of the emergence of the term "Christian" (as epithet and then self-identification) as simply one concentrated instance of such fantasies and juridical attachments.

Неизвестная пьеса Владимира Богораза-Тана

Vladimir Germanovich Bogoraz (1865–1936, pseudonyms: Tan, Tan-Bogoraz, Bogoraz-Tan), the famous ethnographer, linguist, religious scholar, and researcher of Northern peoples, was also a prolific and popular fiction author, in particular, a prominent representative of the so-called prehistoric fiction, i.e. fiction about prehistoric times. This is the first publication of Bogoraz’s play “Dragon Victims” which is a revision of his prehistoric novel under the same name (1909, “Sons of Mammoth” in English translation of 1929), commissioned in 1920 by the Section of Historical Pictures at the Petrograd Theater Department of the People's Commissariat of Education, after Bogoraz, at that time an employee of the Petrograd Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, had been invited by the Section to write an introduction for the upcoming paleophantastic play “Rhino Hunt” by N.S. Gumilev. The text of Bogoraz’s play “Dragon Victims”, preserved in the archive (St. Petersburg Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives), is published according to the typescript with author’s handwritten corrections. In a detailed introductory article, the publisher clarifies the dating, the history of creating, and the literary characteristics of the play as compared to the novel, as well as the programmatic nature of the encouraging attitude to composing plays on prehistoric themes that came from A.M. Gorky, the founder and head of the Section.

Память о любви и смерти в повести Н.В. Болкунова «Дорога домой»

The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the poetics of the artistic time and space in the story of the Great Patriotic War, written in the XXIst century. The author of “The Road Home” Nikolaj Bolkunov (1948–2010) did not see the war himself, but deeply understood its essence, emphasized the moral confrontation of the defenders of the Russian land and Nazi-fascist invaders destroying it, confident that they will succeed to break the ties between generations, to turn the subdued population into consumers of material goods, into those who are oblivious to their kin. Hermeneutical approach to the text (identification of the spiritual component) leads to identifying an issue, particularly significant for the author, the issue of succession, relationships between generations and mentalities, analysis of characters, adventurous and entertaining elements, love plotline, touching and tragic situations, landscape sketches, everyday and naturalistic details. Consistently revealed the roll call of military and post-war circumstances, determining the creation of a broad historical picture, the integrity of which is obtained due to the author’s closest proximity to lieutenant Minaev’s psychology, who became a few decades later an old man, Mikhalych. The piercingly tragic plot of chaste love illuminates the memory, the whole life of the main character, determines his inner setting to strengthen good, resilience in the protection of human dignity. Many episodes of the work paint the image of the enemy-destroyer, who deprived many people of our fatherland of shelter, bright youth, love, health, the very opportunity to live. The analysis of the text is combined with the involvement of biographical, literary materials. It is concluded that the story has an undoubted pedagogical potential and can be recommended for reading and studying by high school students, students of higher and further education institutions.