Historical-philosophical Approach Research Articles

Spiritual continuity of the ideas of Abai and Blaise Pascal (Abai «Words of Edification», B. Pascal «Thoughts»)

The relevance of the study is derived from the phenomenon of Abai as a people’s prophet, a deep-rooted spirit, a national focus, and a humanistic and educational orientation of his creativity, which is particularly acute both for a modern independent Kazakhstan, and other young countries whose cultures, languages, customs, and moral guidelines have been threatened by economic and sociocultural globalization. In the «Words of Edification» Abai offers a complex of revolutionary strategies for his time, based on the national religious tradition, the elimination of conflict between rational cognitive and spiritual principles of an individual, which makes it possible to establish a strategy of dialogue among cultures in order to strengthen the Kazakh national identity. In this connection, the purpose of the article is to identify the similarity of Abai’s and B. Pascal’s views regarding the categorical apparatus, key ideas, and specifics of the presentation. In the course of the study of this question, the historical-philosophical approach was chosen because of the need to study the core works in the context of the world history of thought. Hermeneutic was chosen to be the main method, which allows the free analysis and interpretation of texts, revealing their content from the perspective of non-classical forms of rationality. The eclectic method, together with general scientific analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization in a complex allows to draw parallels easily between directly unrelated sources and concepts. In the article the belonging of the philosophy of Abai and Б. Паскаль to cordocentrism is determined, the categories of «heart», «reason», «will», «faith», «science» and their interconnection are revealed, the scope of genre affiliation of thinkers is expanded. The material of the article is of practical value for understanding the place of Kazakh philosophy in the world’s philosophical tradition, the nature of categories of Abai’s philosophy, and their interaction to build a strategy of effective cultural exchange, preservation of identity, as well as spiritual and moral ideals of the Kazakh people.

The Ontological Choice of the Philosopher

The text reveals the approaches of the philosopher as a thinker to be in the being. Two possible paradigms for achieving the absolute as a form of philosophizing are presented. One is related to the school-academic historicalphilosophical approach, and the other is related to metaphysical experience as an act. The thesis is asserted that the metaphysical goal is achievable only as an individual practical experience of transcendence through the action of the thinker conceived as a precedent. The understanding is argued that it is in the metaphysical act that the thinker objectifies philosophical wisdom, not just the love of philosophy.

PENTINGNYA IJTIHAD DALAM AGAMA PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD IQBAL DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI TEOLOGI DAN KEMISKINAN

This study wants to see how important the ijtihad by Muhammad Iqbal is on religious knowledge and experience which often causes conflicts of thought among Western and Islamic intellectuals. In his reform efforts, Iqbal focused his attention on the formation of Muslim personalities, through the concept of ego or khudi (personal, self, self-hod). In this context, this article also wants to discuss in detail the implications of Iqbal's thoughts for theology and poverty. This is important, because according to Iqbal, Islamic theology has been stagnant for about 500 years. So that the space for ijtihad is not very developed, and causes Muslims to fall into poverty. It is necessary to review Iqbal's thoughts about insan kamil (perfect human) which can only be achieved if it has passed three phases, namely obedience to the law, self-control, and awareness as God's representative. This research is also in the form of library research on the concept of ijtihad in Muhammad Iqbal's Islamic perspective. As an analytical tool, the author uses a historical-philosophical approach that relates to the history and thoughts of a person who has a deeper and comprehensive meaning. This paper concludes, first, the ijtihad carried out by Muhammad Iqbal is centered on Islamic sciences, such as theology, Sufism, interpretation and so on which have an impact on religious experience, thought, and the formation of good individuals in Islamic society. Second, consistent with the above ijtihad, Muhammad Iqbal formulated the concept of khudi and insan kamil. The concept of insan kamil Iqbal is a further development of the concept of khudi. Therefore, the author synthesizes the two concepts as a subtilization or importance of ijtihad in Muhammad Iqbal's religious perspective.

THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF TAFSIR IQTISADI (THE STUDY OF AT-TAFSIR AL-IQTISADI LI AL-QUR’AN AL-KARIM BY RAFIQ YUNUS AL-MASRI

This article discusses the epistemological structure of At-Tafsīr al-Iqtiṣādī li al-Qur'ān al-Karīm by Rafīq Yūnus al-Maṣrī. The author of this tafseer is an economist, a researcher at the Center for Islamic Economic Studies University of Malik 'Abdul' Azīz, and is active in Al-Jam'iyah Ad-Dauliyah li Al-Iqtisād London. The author's background makes this book very interesting to study because not many economists have written tafsir studies. This article is a literature study employing a descriptive-analysis method and a historical-philosophical approach. This study shows that the interpretation of At-Tafsīr al-Iqtiṣādī li al-Qur'ān al-Karīm was written in a tartib mushafi model, and predominantly used tafsīr bi ar-ra'yi with the nuances of the tafsīr iqtiṣādī. The nuances of the iqtiṣādī interpretation come from tafsīr ʻilmī, which shows scientific theories from the Qur’an. Through the tafsīr iqtiṣādī, Rafīq Yūnus al-Maṣrī attempted to show that the Qur’an can be interpreted using an economic approach and argued that the Qur’an provides the existence of economic theories. Among these theories are Musykilah an-Nadirah an-Nisbiyah (relative scarcity), at-Tafḍīl az-Zamanī (time preference), and Ta’dzīm al-manāfi’ (profit maximisation).

Sociopolitical order and chaos in the classical and nonclassical philosophical paradigms: historiosophical analysis

The subject of this research is the study of conceptualization of the phenomena of sociopolitical order and chaos in representations of the classical and nonclassical philosophy. In modern age, socio-philosophical thought viewed political order as the essence of government, which structures the society from top to bottom, eliminating all manifestations of internal chaos that emerge from the social subsystem. The author believes that within the framework of classical and nonclassical science, order and chaos as the essential phenomena were neither opposed to each other nor determined by each other. The study of society is based on the methods of exact sciences, which view the government apparatus as a machine mechanism built in accordance with certain procedures and norms. This scientific article relies on the historical-philosophical approach, which allows tracing the evolution of such socio-philosophical doctrines as rationalism, positivism, and post-positivism. Special attention is given to the systemic and synergetic approach. The goal of this research lies in examination of peculiarities of the evolution of socio-philosophical representations on sociopolitical order and chaos in the methodology of classical and nonclassical philosophy. The main results of the conducted research consists in following the development of representations on sociopolitical order and chaos from the linear-evolutionary paradigm towards the nonlinear paradigm. The conclusion is made on the need to explore the sociopolitical order and chaos in dialectical interrelation from the perspective of synergetic methodology.

Paradigma Thomas Kuhn dan Relevansinya Terhadap Perkembangan Keilmuan Islam di Indonesia

Paradigm has an important in science. According to Kuhn, the paradigm is very influential on the steps and results of research. Because a paradigm is a pattern or framework of thinking adopted by scientists in conducting research. This article will explain Thomas Kuhn's paradigm and its relevance toward Islamic thought in Indonesia. This article is library research using a historical-philosophical approach. The historical-philosophical approach use to see the development of Islamic thought in Indonesia and analyze or find the relevance of Thomas Kuhn's paradigm concept toward the development of Islamic thought in Indonesia. The results show that the paradigm concept of Thomas Kuhn can be used in Islamic scholarship in Indonesia to produce Islamic thought that is relevant to current issues.

Lokalitas Tafsir Al-Qur’an Minangkabau (Studi Tafsir Minangkabau Abad ke-20)

Locality of Minangkabau in Interpretation of the Qur’an: (the study of Minangkabau interpretation of the 20th century)This study aims to find the absorption of locality in the interpretation of the Qur'an in Minangkabau, and to prove that Anthony H. Johns 'statement "cannot be denied the influence of local language in explaining the Al-Qur'an" and Islah Gusmian's statement "tafsir Al-Qur'an as a cultural product, it certainly struggles with tradition, culture, and socio-political realities”. This research is a qualitative research type of library research (library research), which uses a historical-philosophical approach. The primary sources of this research are the interpretation of Tafsir al-Burhân by Haji Abdul Karim Amarullah, Risâlah al-Qaul al-Bayyân fî Tafsîr al-Qur'ân, the work of Syeikh Sulaiman Arrasuli, and the tafsir of al-Da'wah wa al-Irsyâd ilâ Sabîl al -Rasyad by Abdul Lathif Syakur. This research found several aspects of locality in the interpretation of the Al-Qur'an Minangkabau, namely; first, the writing of interpretation as a request from the community, second, the absorption of local languages in translating and interpreting the Qur'an, third, using local samples in interpretation, fourth, the absorption of local customs in interpretation, and fifth using Minangkabau adagium in interpretation. Thus, the Minangkabau tafsir al-Qur'an is full of locality absorption

Анархизм, постанархизм и проблема насилия

The article is devoted to the actual and, perhaps, even painful topic of political violence considered through the prism of contemporary anarchist thought and, in particular, through the understanding of violence in the theory of postanarchism. The aim is to fixate with using the historical-philosophical descriptive approach the intensification of conflict discourse in contemporary radical political philosophy, as well as a specific postanarchist articulation of such type of violence, which would imply going beyond the logic of a standard encounter of opposing political forces. Such articulation in works of the leading theorist of post-anarchism S. Newman is accompanied by the reception of the conceptual apparatus of the German thinker W. Benjamin. The resulting thesis of this work can be considered as the conjugation of the increasing politicization of life with the tendency to think of politics and the political in terms of antagonism, war and, ultimately, violence. In other words, if the political is thought in this way, it can be assumed that the growing politicization of practically all aspects of life is fraught with similar impulses. In the context of the above, the consideration of postanarchism seems not only adequate as an example of reflecting current trends in political philosophy, but also from the point of view of novelty, because the postanarchist theory as such is rather poorly covered in the Russian academia. From this, firstly, the practical significance follows, because the article gives a notion of the little-studied phenomenon of Western political thought, which correlates with the realities of contemporary politics. Secondly, this work sets a number of vectors for further research concerning both the relationship between the theory and practice of contemporary protest movements and the reaction of state institutions to them. In addition, further work on the problematization of the theory of post-anarchism itself, which is not distinguished by uniqueness and homogeneity due to its own methods and approaches (anti-essentialism, deconstructivism, micro-political analysis, etc.), can also become perspective. Therefore, subsequent development of the topic with the involvement of a larger number of primary sources on the postanarchist theory seems to be significant.

Tanatology: Historical-philosophical approach to death in the context of legal medicine and law

Forensic Tanatology integrates one of the branches of Legal Medicine related to scientific aspects with death, its signs and its nature. Although death being a natural phenomenon has implications in the legal and social sphere, but it has always been an enigma in Western culture. The objective is to discuss the theme tanatology under three points of reflection: cut out from the perspective of the philosophers of antiquity who worked most on this theme, the vision of death in the West narrated by the French historian Philippe Ariés and how Legal Medicine and Law has worked this theme in professional practice. This is a review study of the specialized literature. Being demonstrated as Medical-Legal and Law Tanatology contribute to these reflections, as well as in the definition and concept of death, however, it was the philosophers from Plato (428-347 a. C.) and historians that this theme has been addressed in several respects. It is concluded that the way in which to deal with this theme has been transformed over time. Today, the phenomenon of death is medicalized, hospitalized, distanced from the family, society and even academic training. Although Legal Medicine and Law are intrinsically associated disciplines, the theme is still far from both teaching and professional practice. Evidence demonstrating the need to rediscuss the theme in the training of medical and law professionals.

Epistemologi Penafsiran Farid Esack terhadap Ayat-Ayat Pembebasan

This article discusses Farid Esack 's epistemological side, who proposed an emancipatory interpretation of what was generally known as liberation hermeneutics in responding to social problems in South Africa. The method used in this research is the library method with analytical material and a historical-philosophical approach that functions to (a) analyze the text itself; (b) objectively trace the historical origins of the character's context, why it carried the hermeneutic idea of its liberation; and (c) analyze the socio-historical circumstances surrounding the character and find the essential building.
 Based on the research result, the researcher found that Farid Esack 's thought-building was highly motivated by South Africa's socio-historical circumstances enduring humanitarian problems (apartheid). Farid Esack used critical reasoning (al-aql al-naqdy) in which the role of revelation (text), truth (context), and interpreter (reader) was linked in the compilation of his tafsir book. Meanwhile, the method of interpretation was the hermeneutics of the Qur'an based on the context and life experiences of the South African people, whose results were intended as the philosophical basis for freeing the whole society from all types of inequality and exploitation of economy, race, gender, class, and religion.

Epistemologi Falsifikasionisme Karl R. Popper: Relevansinya Bagi Teologi dan Pemikiran Keislaman

One of the functions of the human mind is think rationally and scientifically. This creates an idea of ​​a theory of knowledge (epistemology) which is part of the philosophy of science with various schools and figures, namely rationalism, empiricism, positivism, and criticism. However, the existing schools received special attention because there were still many shortcomings in it, one of which was August Comte's positivism which was criticized by Karl R. Popper. Not stopping at criticism, Popper also offers new principles as solutions to the problems that criticizing. Through the three stages of the world, namely the physical world, the human world and its psychological processes and the world of science. According to Popper, the truth of a science is not determined through justification (verification), but through refuting the propositions established by science itself (falsification). Therefore, the author tries to explain how the relevance of Karl R. Popper's epistemology with theology and Islamic thought through a historical-philosophical approach. Through this approach, the authors conclude that all science has the possibility to be falsified, including theology and Islamic thought

Postmodernism: between the subject and absolutely external

The subject of this research is the contours of philosophical reasoning on the authenticity of human existence from the perspective of postmodernism. Comparison is conducted on interpretations of subjectivity in different philosophical discourses. The article examines the postmodern stage as an inversion of values and traditions of modernism and postmodernism in the context of new realities of the digital virtualized society. The author reviews the postmodern inter-worldliness of a subject and externalized selfness of a human, who on the one hand seeks self-identification, and om the other – avoids it, falling under the sway of symbolic identity, determined by the social institutions, norms and standards. Research methodology is based on the historical-philosophical approach, phenomenology of social, existential analytics and object-oriented ontology. A conclusion is made that the situation of s postmodern human is reflected in transition from the idea of diluting metanarrative to ethical universalism, from the regression of the philosophy of identity to object-oriented ontology, from skepticism to sincerity, from ironic sensibility of postmodernism to aesthetic experiencing of the tragic, from the power of text to metaphoric access to reality.

Individual homogenization in large-scale systems: on the politics of computer and social architectures

One determining characteristic of contemporary sociopolitical systems is their power over increasingly large and diverse populations. This raises questions about power relations between heterogeneous individuals and increasingly dominant and homogenizing system objectives. This article crosses epistemic boundaries by integrating computer engineering and a historicalphilosophical approach making the general organization of individuals within large-scale systems and corresponding individual homogenization intelligible. From a versatile archeological-genealogical perspective, an analysis of computer and social architectures is conducted that reinterprets Foucault’s disciplines and political anatomy to establish the notion of politics for a purely technical system. This permits an understanding of system organization as modern technology with application to technical and social systems alike. Connecting to Heidegger’s notions of the enframing (Gestell) and a more primal truth (anfänglicheren Wahrheit), the recognition of politics in differently developing systems then challenges the immutability of contemporary organization. Following this critique of modernity and within the conceptualization of system organization, Derrida’s democracy to come (à venir) is then reformulated more abstractly as organizations to come. Through the integration of the discussed concepts, the framework of Large-Scale Systems Composed of Homogeneous Individuals (LSSCHI) is proposed, problematizing the relationships between individuals, structure, activity, and power within large-scale systems. The LSSCHI framework highlights the conflict of homogenizing system-level objectives and individual heterogeneity, and outlines power relations and mechanisms of control shared across different social and technical systems.

Los principios del cristianismo: Una Teología Fundamental según Newman by Fernando María Cavaller

Reviewed by: Los principios del cristianismo: Una Teología Fundamental según Newman by Fernando María Cavaller John T. Ford, CSC Los principios del cristianismo: Una Teología Fundamental según Newman BY FERNANDO MARÍA CAVALLER Colección En Diálogo 53. Buenos Aires: Agape Libros, 2018. 542 pages. Paperback: $930.00 (Argentine pesos). ISBN: 9789876405317. Although he never wrote a treatise specifically devoted to "fundamental theology," John Henry Newman, both as an Anglican and as a Roman Catholic, discussed many of the major issues presently treated in works on "fundamental theology." At the outset, it should be noted that theologians differ about which topics should be included under the heading of "fundamental theology." Some or all of the following are included: revelation and faith, tradition and scripture, Christ and the church.1 Newman treated all of these topics at various times during his life. In addition, theologians use different methodologies to elaborate their "fundamental theology." Some prefer a historical-philosophical approach, while others opt for a theological perspective. This book follows Newman in its treatment of all six of these topics from a theological approach. [End Page 110] What Cavaller does so diligently is to organize and discuss the topics of fundamental theology that Newman treated in various publications during his life-time: divine revelation (23–264), Christ and the church (265–368), and faith as the appropriate response to revelation (369–487). Cavaller's detailed discussion and analysis concludes with a helpful synthesis (489–538), which might be read first by those who are not familiar with fundamental theology. Finally, there is a very short bibliography (539–42). Cavaller's treatment of revelation begins with Newman's teenage conversion, which resulted in his sacramental view of revelation. Newman's view of revelation contrasted sharply with the more "historicist apologetics," which characterized most Roman Catholic treatments of the topic during the nineteenth century. Newman, of course, treated such fundamental theological topics as natural and revealed religion—Christianity as the fullness of revelation—and the transmission of revelation.2 Nonetheless, there was an on-going ambivalence in Newman's treatment of revelation: sometimes he emphasized its experiential aspects, and at other times he stressed its expressional (doctrinal) dimension. His theology of revelation could well be enhanced by employing Avery Dulles's "models of revelation."3 Nonetheless, Newman's characterization of revelation as "dogmatic" and his well-known insistence on the development of doctrine were theologically avant-garde, so much so that his advocacy of doctrinal development was somewhat suspect during his lifetime. Newman's treatment of Christ and the church also contrasted rather markedly with that of his contemporaries, who, in response to historicist tendencies emerging in the nineteenth century, elaborated "historical proofs" for the divinity of Christ and the founding of the church. Newman instead viewed the Incarnation as "Fundamental Christology" and emphasized the church's sacramentality. While granting the merits of Newman's incarnational Christology, the need for addressing the numerous questions concerning the "Jesus of History" is critically urgent today. Similarly, while a sacramental ecclesiology may be eminently satisfying for believers, the human defects of the church loom so large that they must be candidly considered in ecclesiological discussions today. Finally, in the manualist treatises of the nineteenth century, "faith" was usually, but incongruously, treated independently of revelation, thereby neglecting to emphasize that revelation calls for the response of faith. Although Newman was very much concerned about the relationship of faith and reason, he also viewed faith as "preparation for the beatific vision" and the contemplation of Christ. Indeed, [End Page 111] Newman emphasized the dogmatic content of Christian belief and considered theology as the explication and development of the teachings of revelation. Cavaller's inclusion of Newman's writings on development is a welcome and indeed necessary addition to fundamental theology; however, there is still a pressing need to expand Newman's view of development by specifically considering the ways in which our understandings of how revelation, tradition, and scripture develop.4 On the whole, one is pleasantly surprised that most of Newman's "fundamental theology" is quite at home in post-Vatican II theology. Nonetheless, there are a couple of areas that Newman...

Epistemological Field and Constellation of Fact in Wittgenstein’s and Popper’s Philosophy

In this article, a comparative analysis of Karl Popper’s falsifiability theory and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s theory of meaning in the context of the historical-philosophical approach to the problem of new knowledge formation and justification is undertaken. An assumption is made that the constellation of fact is connected with the possibility of the emergence of an epistemological field. Researchers have repeatedly addressed this issue; however, one important detail received no due attention: Popper’s counter-arguments regarding Wittgenstein’s view on semantic paradoxes show the fundamental difference of these philosophers’ views on the sign and the signified (language and world), which contributes to the analysis of new knowledge formation. Arguments that concern both early and late periods of Wittgenstein’s philosophy are used in this study. The uncertainty of the demarcation criterion (according to Popper) allowed analyzing Wittgenstein’s position as to how and why different rules of inference form different epistemological fields.

Philosophical Thought of Al-Farabi as Models of Establishing Civil Society in the Era of Technology Disruption

Islamic educational institutions or schools are educational institutions which have tersistem the first time in Indonesia before the Dutch introduced the school system. Their historical time interval that shows long-existence of Islamic educational institutions becomes a serious problem when Islamic education has not been able to produce human beings are ready to face the era of technology disruption (the industrial revolution 4.0) as it is today. The limited views on Islamic education is only concerned issues of religious materials, does not include a general matter, giving rise to the separation between Islamic educational institutions with general education institutions. So these problems, this study tries to introduce the conception of al-Farabi's philosophical thinking about civil society and Islamic education to address and provide solutions for the development of Islamic education in today's changing times is the era of technology disruption (the industrial revolution 4.0). This research method using descriptive qualitative method with historical-philosophical approach and heuristic data analysis, verification, interpretation, synthesis. The results showed the order of life of civil society perspective of al-Farabi will materialize if the community prefers aspects of teaching and character formation in the era of disruption technology (industrial revolution 4.0) in order to reach happiness essentials (happiness physical and spiritual), which became the main feature of a civil society. In the middle era of technology disruption (the industrial revolution 4.0) element of physical and spiritual happiness into the main thing that technology can be used wisely and optimally.

STRUKTUR EPISTEMOLOGI NASKAH TAFSIR SURAT AL-FATIHAH KARYA MUHAMMAD BASIUNI IMRAN SAMBAS, KALIMANTAN BARAT

The research on tafsir of the archipelago usually revolves around familiar tafsir literature, such as Tafsir Tarjuman al-Mustafid by Abd. ar-Ra'uf as-Singkili, Aceh, Tafsir Marah Labid li Kasyfi Ma'ani al-Qur'an al-Majid by Nawawi Al-Bantani, Tanara, Banten, Tafsir Al-Ibriz by Mustafa Bisri, Java and other. And research on tafsir in West Kalimantan has not been done much by researchers. Based on these reasons, researchers are interested in studying this theme further. This study uses a descriptive-analysis method and a historical-philosophical approach. The conclusion of this study is the epistemology of tafsir Surah al-Fatihah by M. Basiuni Imran : 1) the source of intepretation uses al-Qur`an, hadith and ulama’s opinion ; 2) with ijmaliy (global) method, rationality principle based on lexical-linguistic and literal of ayat, and than with textual approach ; and 3) the validation of interpretation contains the truth coherently and pragmaticlly.

To the Discussion on Academic Philosophy: What, How, and What for

The article discusses how to implement common cultural competencies in the course of teaching philosophy. The authors believe that the optimal content of the course is the history of philosophy, which, when being creatively taught, can become a school of critical thinking and education and give direction to those who are trying to consciously shape their world view and educate their mind. The historical-philosophical approach organically incorporates the problematic one, makes it possible to discuss current issues of the day, based on classical examples of the philosophical culture. Some techniques for the development of cognitive skills that correspond to the strategies of liberal education are considered. The authors draw attention to the benefits of the work of a student with a philosophical text, the need for the development of written and oral speech, organically associated with the development of thinking. In the conditions of increasing bureaucratic regulation of the educational process and limited time, it is important to preserve the space of academic freedom, to build teaching taking into account the individual-personal contact with this or that audience. University philosophy is regarded as a valuable experience in overcoming the limitations of everyday consciousness, it seems to be a source of ideas that provides support in a situation of epistemological uncertainty and value relativism. The article covers both philosophical and theoretical, and applied aspects of the problem of teaching philosophy in higher education institution.

Mathematics History and Cognitive Values on a Didactic Sequence: Teaching Trigonometry

This article summarizes the preparation and the results of a study, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of historical-philosophical approach in teaching trigonometry in association with the detection of cognitive values, as presented by Lacey. On this association lies the theoretical innovation of the work. To conduct the survey, we organized the activities in sequence as proposed by the Didactic Engineering, based on the history of trigonometry. The study was carried out with high school students of a public school in Londrina and it had a qualitative nature. We have concluded that the approach based on historical perspective with the observation of cognitive values expressed by the mathematics showed being effective for the learning of the Trigonometry and its incorporation into the student's knowledge.

KEPEMIMPINAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM

Women's leadership has always been a discussion of controversy, especially in explaining, interpreting and determining the law of a woman's leadership. This study aims to: (1) Review the interpretation related to the concept of leadership with the interpretation model of maudhu'i Al-Qur'an letter An-Nisa verse 34 and Al-Mujadalah verse 11 according to some classical and contemporary commentators including Ibn Abbas, Imam Jalaludin, Ibn Kathir, Mustafa Al-Maraghi, Muhammad Hasbi and Quraish Shihab, (2) Assessing the relevance of the concept of female leadership in an Islamic perspective with the concept of leadership in the 21st century. This type of research is literature study using descriptive-analytic method, historical-philosophical approach, carried out with documentation techniques, analysis, interpretation, checking the validity of the data to obtain the results of the study according to purpose. The results of the study show that there are differences between the thoughts of classical mufassir and contemporary mufassir on women's leadership based on An-Nisa verse 34. It is the differences in times, conditions, situations and civilizations that influence it. The 21st Century is no longer a century where women cannot join in politics, government, social affairs, education, and so on. Contemporary mufassir allow women to be leaders as long as they do not violate the sharia and do not ignore the main task of being a wife. Relevance is related to the realization of the Constitution of 1945 article 27 concerning equal rights and obligations of Indonesian citizens, and Article 31 related to the right of education for all citizens of Indonesia relevant to the letter of Al-Mujadalah verse 11. The relevance is related to the realization of Article 27 of the 1945 constitution concerning the equality of Indonesian citizens' rights and obligations, and Article 31 concerning the right of education of all Indonesian citizens relevant to Al-Mujadalah verse 11. Men or women who are leaders, most importantly is the realization of the good leadership for creating baldatun thayyibun warabbun ghafur.