Historical Park Research Articles

Historic Gardens and Parks Worldwide and in Greece: Principles of Acknowledgement, Conservation, Restoration and Management

The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Florence Charter 1981 on Historic Gardens sets the first guidelines for the definition of a historic garden, in which sites such as large parks, whether formal or landscape, are included. Since then, there is a continuous effort worldwide on issues of historic garden acknowledgement, conservation, restoration and management. Countries with garden and park tradition, such as the U.K., USA, France and others, have several sites registered and protected. Furthermore, historic garden and park associations exist in Italy, Spain and Portugal, among other nations. In Greece, there is no specific official policy or association regarding historic parks, gardens or landscapes. Greek law includes historic gardens and parks within the spectrum of works of art, places of outstanding natural beauty and historic places/lands for partial or absolute protection, and, thus, attempts in identifying historic landscapes fall generally in other categories, but law specified for historic gardens. However, in both the Greek ratification of the European Landscape Convention and the European Biodiversity directives, there are aspects one could interpret as very useful for the acknowledgement and policy-making on historic gardens and parks. In this paper, an overview on historic gardens and parks abroad and in Greece is attempted, along with aspects of acknowledgement, protection, conservation, restoration and management. Finally, a first attempt on methodological outlines for the acknowledgement and conservation of historic gardens and parks in Greece is presented.

Surrealistic Historical Park in Rabka

Rabka Zdroj (Spa) is a popular Polish resort. The Silesian Rehabilitation and Spa Centre built here in 1949 was designed by Stanislaw Gruszka in the International Style, which was innovative at that time. The park surrounding the spa building has interesting tree specimens laid out according to a simple geometrical principle with free fillers. In the west part, the path arrangement is geometrical with three symmetrical gardens on rectangular terraces. Whereas in the south part, its form of abstract winding paths is quite unique, resembling a totem placed horizontally. The research conducted shows that the shapes applied here and the deformed symmetry may refer to the works of Miró or Hans Arp. The project’s author was related to the community of Warsaw artists fascinated with futurism and surrealism in the 20 years of Poland’s independence after World War I. In the late 1940s the destructive influence of the communist ideology did not yet manage to leave its mark on the architecture of the structure discussed, and thus the place was given its unique beauty. Nowadays the park is being revitalized following the project designed by the author of the article and his team and its implementation has gained financial support from the EU. The leitmotif for the revitalization is to emphasize its surrealistic forms. In the surrealistic garden, there will be created a multi-layered narrative structure with an emphasized outline of plant field paths and surrealistic benches and deckchairs especially designed. Educational paths are designed to discuss various topics, like the history of modernist spa buildings in Malopolska (Little Poland – a province in the south of Poland, whose capital is Cracow), the history of Polish poster design in the 20 years of Poland’s independence between WWI and WWII, as well as the park’s natural aspects. Another abstract idea will also be found in the Rabka Code, a game enabling to develop tasks of one’s own choice to be solved in the field. The present article discusses the research carried out on the history of the structure and its formal relations as well as the design decisions already taken. It should be stressed that a surrealistic path layout is a very rare solution in the history of park architecture. Even if parks may have surrealistic sculptures, the surrounding area usually retains its modernist, simple geometrical form. In the future surrealistic sculptures may also appear in the park in Rabka Zdroj. Nowadays, however, it is more important to maintain its unique aesthetic values both in the park plan and in the detail of decorative structures.

Review: New England Air Museum

Book Review| August 01 2019 Review: New England Air Museum New England Air Museum. Debbie Reed, Executive Director; Nick Hurley, Curator; Amanda Goodheart Parks, Director of Education. http://www.neam.org. Edward Roach Edward Roach Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (2019) 41 (3): 132–134. https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2019.41.3.132 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Edward Roach; Review: New England Air Museum. The Public Historian 1 August 2019; 41 (3): 132–134. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2019.41.3.132 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2019 by The Regents of the University of California and the National Council on Public History2019 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Distribution of naturalized plants in historic sites and urban park of Gyeongju-si, South Korea

Distribution of naturalized plants in historic sites and urban park of Gyeongju-si, South Korea

Woodlands Historic Park

Woodlands Historic Park

‘But not love [...]’: An interview with Loredana Scaramella about her translation, adaptation and direction of La bisbetica domata (The Taming of the Shrew) at the Silvano Toti Globe Theatre in Rome (2018)

At the heart of one of the historical parks of Rome, Villa Borghese, along one of its silent and shaded paths, a wooden replica of an Elizabethan playhouse rises up: the Silvano Toti Globe Theatre. Maddalena Pennacchia interviews Loredana Scaramella, theatre director, actress and translator-adaptor, who has been staging plays in this Shakespearean performance space since its inception in 2003. The interview is particularly dedicated to her acclaimed production of La bisbetica domata (The Taming of the Shrew) in 2018 which is set in the years immediately preceding the Second World War: a company of Italian actors of the avanspettacolo puts on a play at the inn where a Fascist officer is staying for the night with his squad; the aim is, apparently, that of playing a joke on a drunken tinker with anarchist sympathies who is taught a lesson on how to tame women. Music, dances and songs of the Thirties are added to Shakespeare’s translated text, inducing bursts of laughter mixed with tears, finally leaving the audience with deeper and sadder thoughts on the fragile human condition.

Keeping the Song Alive in Mechanical Music Collections of New York and New Jersey

Music boxes, musical clocks, nickelodeons and similar objects are commonly referred to as mechanical music or musical automata. New York and New Jersey have rich histories of manufacturing and archiving these objects. Often enclosed in display cases, curatorial attention has not always been paid to the music historically central to these objects. Therefore, this study examined how museums connect the materiality of these objects with their associated music. By synthesizing perspectives from museum studies, music history, and the history of design, five collections of musical automata in New York and New Jersey were examined: The Buffalo History Museum, The Herschell Carrousel Factory Museum, Thomas Edison National Historical Park, The Guinness Collection at the Morris Museum and the Cooper Hewitt Museum. Specifically, this project explored how musical automata produced between 1770 and 1930 have been archived, displayed and interpreted. By interviewing curators and analyzing museum collections, it ultimately appears that the curatorial strategies for mechanical music objects in New York and New Jersey are greatly varied. Additionally, a correlation was found between the proportion of a museum’s collection dedicated to mechanical music and how interactive it is for the public.

Microbial Communities in Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historical Park and Their Function as Indicators of Water Quality

The objective of this study was to establish meaningful relationships between prokaryotic community profiles and water quality parameters in different water bodies (spring, stream, cave, and mine) in the middle reach of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historic Park (C&O), Maryland. The microbial profiles in the water samples were determined using metagenomic analysis. The relationships between microbial phylogenetic profiles and water quality parameters were investigated using principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). The most abundant phyla identified in most samples were Proteobacteria (55.4%), Bacteroidetes (12.3%), Actinobacteria (10.6%), Firmicutes (2.4%), Planktomycetes (1.8%), Verrucomicrobia (1.5%), Chloroflexi (1.5%), and Acidobacteria (1.3%), which are major bacterial and archaeal groups typically observed in natural freshwater environments. PCA showed that water chemistry was determined primarily by the geology of the site and the type of water source (i.e., spring, stream, cave, or mine). Most samples located in carbonate formations correlated with high alkalinity, inorganic carbon, and calcium, representing the typical karstic geochemistry. RDA shows that pH, electrical conductivity, temperature and nutrients including nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate, were significant determinants of the microbial ecology.

Dendrochronological investigation of the Knob Creek Cabin at President Abraham Lincoln's Boyhood Home, Hodgenville, Kentucky, USA

The Boyhood Home at Knob Creek is part of the Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park in Hodgenville, Kentucky. Here, a replica cabin constructed in the 1930s by Chester and Hattie Howard is meant to represent the home where President Abraham Lincoln formed his earliest memories. According to oral histories, this replica, the Knob Creek Cabin, was constructed using timbers salvaged from a cabin found elsewhere on the Knob Creek Farm, believed to have been the home of Lincoln's childhood friend, Austin Gollaher. Therefore, the cabin is believed to be contemporary with Lincoln's childhood at Knob Creek (early 1800s), and represents what the original Lincoln family cabin may have looked like, despite the disappearance of the original Lincoln cabin during the late 1800s. To determine whether the Knob Creek Cabin truly dates to Lincoln's childhood, we extracted core samples from logs in the cabin and compared the tree-ring patterns to an absolutely-dated reference chronology from Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. We dated the oak chronology from the Knob Creek Cabin to the period 1712–1861 (r = 0.57, n = 150 years, t = 8.44, p < 0.0001). Several of the logs indicate cutting dates occurred during two different periods, 1847–1848 and 1861–1863, neither of which coincide with Lincoln's childhood at Knob Creek Farm. Based on these findings, we conclude that the Knob Creek Cabin could not have been originally constructed by the Gollaher family during Abraham Lincoln's childhood on the Knob Creek Farm. Instead, the Knob Creek Cabin likely was built using timbers that were salvaged from two different structures, one that was constructed during the period 1847–1848 and another that was constructed during the period 1861–1863. The origins of these logs are unknown.

CAPABILITY OF MATTERPORT 3D CAMERA FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY SITES INVENTORY

Abstract. This paper provides an overview of state-of-the-art technology and sensor for the inventory of industrial archaeology. As an object of study, a historical copper shaft the Quincy Mine in Michigan State Upper Peninsula was chosen. This shaft was operated for nearly 100 years from 1846 to 1945 and today, what remains of the shaft is a part of the Keweenaw National Historical Park. The main sensor for data acquisition that was used is a 3D camera Matterport. In given research, the results of the above ground scanning using of Matterport are presented. Before scanning a calibration of Matterport camera was performed. The calibration was done by comparison of coordinates of targets determined by FARO Scanner. It was found out that the camera has significant systematic errors which have to be accounted during data processing. Because of the specific data structure of Matterport camera, only the scale factor was calculated and then applied to point clouds. Field works comprised historical and archive data collection and analysis, reconnaissance and scanning of the Quincy Mine interior. As a final result of the research 3D model of the Quincy Mine interior was constructed. Further, this model is going to be used for the Quincy Mine Museum virtual tours. There are many advantages to using Matterport. First of all, such a technology does not need dense geodetic support, average working time at station equals to 2–3 minutes. Cost of Matteroprt equipment is competitive to the cheapest terrestrial laser scanners.

Can I Park in the City Center? Predicting Car Park Occupancy Rates in Smart Cities

ABSTRACT Finding an available parking space can be difficult in parts of most cities, especially in city centers. In this article, we address the study of parking occupancy data in Birmingham, Glasgow, Norfolk, and Nottingham in the United Kingdom. We test several prediction strategies, such as polynomial fitting, Fourier series, K-means clustering, and time series, and analyze their results. We use cross-validation to train the predictors and then test them with unseen occupancy data. Additionally, we develop a web service to visualize the current and historical parking data in a map, allowing users to consult the occupancy rate forecast up to one week in advance to satisfy their parking needs. We believe that the use of these accurate, intelligent techniques creates user services for citizens living in real smart cities as a way of improving their quality of life, decreasing wait times, and reducing fuel consumption.

One Russia - two histories. Unexpected impressions of the Historical Park «Russia is my history» in Rostov-on-Don

One Russia - two histories. Unexpected impressions of the Historical Park «Russia is my history» in Rostov-on-Don

Commemorating 1917 in Russia: Ambivalent State History Policy and the Church’s Conquest of the History Market

Russia’s historical policy towards the centenary of 1917 was composed of several parallel strategies: diminishing the meaning of the event to avoid the head of state and other government figures having to take a stance; outsourcing commemorative events, with no pre-planned grand design; developing a reconciliatory narrative of the ‘Whites’ and the ‘Reds’; and allowing other actors to promote a plurality of contradictory readings of the events. Yet the space left by the state’s refusal to commemorate 1917 has been taken over by the Church, which, as today’s most active engineer of Russia’s historical policy, promoted a very clear pro-Tsarist narrative best embodied by the multimedia historical park ‘Russia—my history’ (Rossiya—moya istoriya).

Trends in Landbird Density at Two National Parks in Fragmented, Mixed-Use Landscapes of the Pacific Northwest

National parks play a key role in conserving species by providing landscapes where threats from anthropogenic disturbance are reduced. In a recent study of 3 large wilderness parks in the Pacific Northwest, nearly all landbird species were found to be stable or increasing. Nonetheless, contemporary results from the Breeding Bird Survey and mark-recapture studies fuel concerns that some landbirds in the Pacific Northwest are trending in sync with many North America species in widespread decline. Although landbird populations might be thriving in large parks with extensive old-growth forest, those in smaller parks with less intact wilderness and higher ratios of edge-to-interior habitat might reflect the stressors inherent in more human-dominated landscapes. We conducted landbird point-count surveys from 2005 to 2016 in 2 national historical parks situated in the more human-dominated landscapes of this region, San Juan Island National Historical Park and Lewis and Clark National Historical Park. Established primarily to protect cultural resources, these parks lack old-growth forest and consist of relatively small parcels embedded in fragmented, multi-use landscapes. Here, we apply recent developments in point-count analysis to estimate trends in population density for 50 landbird species commonly detected in these small parks, including lagged effects of precipitation and temperature on the annual density of each species, and effects of survey conditions on species detection. All but 3 species exhibited stable densities in both parks, and more than half of the populations analyzed clearly increased in density over the study period. Notable exceptions were single-park declines in Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi), Northern Flicker (Colaptes anratus), and Hutton's Vireo (Vireo huttoni). Annual variation in population density was often related to climate, with generally positive responses to a recent deficit in annual precipitation-as-snow, and more variable responses to higher mean spring temperature. These results reinforce trends estimated for 3 large national parks in the Pacific Northwest, suggesting recent stability of landbird populations in parks of this region, independent of park size or setting.

SPA: Smart Parking Algorithm Based on Driver Behavior and Parking Traffic Predictions

Smart parking problems have received much attention in recent years. In literature, many smart parking allocation algorithms that considered the parking grid reservation and recommendation have been proposed. However, the parking policies for maximizing parking rate and benefits still can be improved. This paper proposes a smart parking allocation algorithm (SPA), which aims to maximize the benefits created by a given parking lot while guaranteeing the quality of parking services. The proposed SPA algorithm predicts the driver behavior and estimated parking traffic in the near future based on the historical parking records. These predictions help SPA to better match the parking demands and the resource of available parking grids and, hence, improve the utilization and the created benefit of each parking grid. The proposed SPA applies three policies, namely worst-fit (WF-SPA), best-fit (BF-SPA), and parking behavior forecast (PBF-SPA), to allocate the available grids to the vehicles. Performance evaluations reveal that the proposed SPA outperforms exiting work in terms of accumulated parking rate and service quality and, hence, improves the benefits of a given parking lot.

Enhancing plant biosecurity with citizen science monitoring: comparing methodologies using reports of acute oak decline

Monitoring of forest pests and diseases is resource-intensive, requiring individual woodlands and trees to be visited and assessed for symptoms. Climate change and increased global connectivity are amplifying the scale of the monitoring challenge, with the number of new plant biosecurity threats increasing each year. Citizen science can increase the scale of pest and disease surveys. However, it is argued that citizen science data can be biased and inaccurate. This study examines potential biases in citizen science data by focusing on the case study of acute oak decline (AOD), a disease syndrome impacting native oaks within the UK associated with the beetle Agrilus biguttatus. Analysis was performed using two contrasting citizen science data set sources: the National Biodiversity Network (NBN) Atlas, which is a repository for citizen science data sets, and Tree Alert, a targeted citizen science project that encouraged landowners and the public to report the occurrence of AOD. For both data sets, detection was more likely in locations with higher Coleoptera reports, suggesting that there are hubs of recorder activity. For the NBN data set, A. biguttatus was more likely to be found in areas where historic parks and gardens were present. For the Tree Alert data set, A. biguttatus was less likely to be found on open access land, indicating that the programme was successful in engaging private landowners. These results indicate that understanding sources of bias within reporting schemes is an important step in data analysis and that the inclusion of structured survey designs would enable the extent of biases to be documented.

“Governance and Public Awareness” Dilemma in the Conservation of Heritage and Cultural Parks in Egypt

Dealing with heritage in all of its forms is a complex process and comprises many dimensions. Heritage’s scope is wide and folds more than one layer. At the national level, it was found that sharing of interest to heritage is not widely alarmed, especially for historical parks as it faces many challenges related to policies and regulations,&#x0D; management and evaluation systems, and the operation process. In spite of working as both, open urban areas, historical and valuable cultural spaces; and accordingly the appearances of neglecting the historical and cultural parks are varied, even though it could strongly reflect the community quality of perception and level of interaction&#x0D; with these urban spaces, which is represented as one of the most important and essential public-spirited aspects.&#x0D; The paper is tackling the argumentation of urban conservation’s objectives and principles; thinking of public perception&#x0D; and observations, in relation to public and governance awareness can be considered as two sides of the same coin. The research methodology is focusing on public awareness concern; monitoring and measuring public awareness remains a challenge as it is an intangible phenomenon, and to be raised is vital in heritage conservation plans as it ensures the continuity and sustainability of the urban conservation process.&#x0D; Public awareness is hypothesized as non-physical vicious loop phenomena, which interacts and is influenced by both tangible and intangible aspects elements. Therefore, the public awareness to be measured and evaluated can be used as a tool to assess the success of current policies – if exist- in dealing with the current condition of heritage&#x0D; parks and to indicate the variables that could be used to measure, and affect the public and governance awareness with priorities management. Finally, a multi-dimensional assessment method for urban planners, landscaping architects, historical conservation experts, and decision makers could benefit from the outcomes of this study in controlling and defining the management systems and policies to move headed for the conservation of the valuable historic and culture parks in Egypt.

Review: Islands in a History Desert: The Historic State Parks of Southern Nevada, Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park, Las Vegas, Nevada

Review: Islands in a History Desert: The Historic State Parks of Southern Nevada, Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park, Las Vegas, Nevada

An Analysis of Brand Equity Components in the Context of Cultural Festivals

Abstract The objectives of this research are 1) to examine the tourist-based brand equity (TBBE) model for cultural festivals; 2) to analyze the components of brand equity in Loy Krathong Light and Candles Festival at Sukhothai Historical Park in Thailand. In order to verify the validity of the brand equity model for cultural festivals, the conceptual framework of this research was based on the concept of consumer- based brand equity model, namely, brand awareness, brand quality, brand association, brand image, brand loyalty, and brand experience. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 328 Thai tourists, and were analyzed by using the structural equation model. The results showed the correlation between the TBBE model and the empirical data with the significant level of 95. That is to say, brand awareness (BA) has a direct influence on brand quality (BQ) and brand association (BAS). Brand quality (BQ) has a direct influence on brand experience (BEx), and brand experience (BEx) has a direct influence on brand loyalty (BL). This research also found that brand experience (BEx) has an influence on the structure of brand equity for cultural festivals.

Examining the Conflicting Relationship between U.S. National Parks and Host Communities: Understanding a Community’s Diverging Perspectives

The growing importance of participatory and collaborative approaches in resource management has resulted in an increased emphasis on identifying the complex relationships between natural national parks and neighboring rural communities. Given the limited number of studies dealing with parks beyond rural areas, our exploratory case study examines how conflict stemming from diverse community stakeholders’ perspectives and values in regard to the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park influences their involvement and attitudes toward park management. Thirty-two interviews were conducted and analyzed using a content-analysis methodology. Guided by the Progress Triangle conflict management framework, each stakeholder’s views, interests, and aspirations associated with the missions were organized according to the framework’s three dimensions: Substance, procedure, and relationship. The study findings discussed how stakeholders’ varying perspectives regarding cultural resources influenced their interactions with urban historical national parks and their attitudes toward park management. Furthermore, how stakeholders can reconcile their differences through a collaborative approach for better park management was discussed.