Historical Moment Research Articles

Cinéma théâtral: stardom and performance in the Tradition of Quality

ABSTRACT Departing from the directorial focus of debates about the Tradition of Quality, this article examines stardom and performance as central to late 1940s and 1950s mainstream French cinema. Authorship is not discarded but understood as a power dynamic in which directors and performers, alongside other contributors, struggle for control over characters and narrative. The article first establishes the main elements of quality performance, building on André Bazin’s concept of cinéma théâtral. Examples, drawn from major stars (Fernandel, Pierre Blanchar, Pierre Fresnay, Jean Gabin, Edwige Feuillère and Michèle Morgan), highlight the crucial importance of elocution and language, a dimension of performance that is often neglected. The article then focuses on Brigitte Bardot in two quality films, En cas de malheur/Love is my Profession (Claude Autant-Lara, 1958) and La Vérité/The Truth (Henri-Georges Clouzot, 1960). B.B.’s iconoclastic image and her departure from prevailing notions of ‘good acting’ provoke a ‘dissonant’ performance, which illuminates further, by contrast, the Tradition of Quality’s acting norms. Conversely, Autant-Lara’s and Clouzot’s variously successful efforts to blend Bardot seamlessly into quality aesthetics betray their wish to modernise their cinema at a pivotal historical moment when the Tradition of Quality was under assault from the emerging New Wave.

The Development of the Structure of Feeling in the Brazilian Liberation Theology Movement

Raymond Williams’s concept of the “structure of feeling” aims to describe the shared experiences, attitudes, and emotions of social groups at specific historical moments. However, this theory has been criticized for lacking a rigorous theoretical framework, clear definitions, and boundaries, as well as for failing to adequately explain its interaction with mainstream ideology. This paper attempts to address these issues through the lens of the Brazilian Liberation Theology movement. The “structure of feeling” established by Brazilian Liberation Theology departed from the traditional hierarchical system of the Church, aligning itself instead with emerging cultures and the practices of grassroots church communities. Under the repression of the military government, the mainstream Church began to accept certain aspects of Liberation Theology rather than viewing it solely as radical and threatening. Although Liberation Theology gradually waned after the fall of the military regime, its adjusted “structure of feeling”—devoid of its radical elements but still focused on social justice and poverty—profoundly impacted the global Catholic Church. The experience of the Brazilian Liberation Theology movement illustrates that a “structure of feeling” can transcend the dichotomy between consciousness and materiality and the crux lies in individuals discovering and asserting their own existence; such a “structure of feeling” can either emerge from within existing ideologies or challenge them directly; its relationship with mainstream ideology is significantly shaped by specific historical contexts; certain facets of emerging emotions are selectively incorporated into mainstream ideology, typically in ways that mitigate their more radical implications.

Unsteady aerodynamic modeling and flight trajectory simulation of dual-spin projectile based on DNN and transfer-learning

To evaluate flight performance and aerodynamic characteristics of a dual-spin projectile, the coupled computational fluid dynamics and rigid body dynamics (CFD/RBD) method is commonly used, which can simultaneously solve the flight mechanics and flow field. However, the efficiency is compromised by the large number of CFD calculations required. This paper develops an unsteady aerodynamic modeling method that combines deep neural networks and transfer learning, which can accurately predict unsteady aerodynamics of dual-spin projectiles under varying initial conditions. Considering the influence of flight state and aerodynamic data from short-term historical moments, we integrate them as input features of the aerodynamic model to reduce the impact of long-term historical data. To enhance the model generalization under varying initial conditions, we fine-tune the built aerodynamic model using small amounts of data under new conditions by transfer learning. The proposed method is validated through interpolated and extrapolated prediction cases, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed method can achieve better accuracy and generalizability than long short-term memory neural networks and autoregressive moving average method in unsteady aerodynamic modeling of the dual-spin projectile. By coupling the flight dynamics equations with the aerodynamic model in the time domain, the flight simulation only takes a few seconds, which can reduce computing time by three orders of magnitude compared to the coupled CFD/RBD method.

Dear Charlotte of 1989

Abstract: This letter reexamines the historical moment in which Charlotte Canning began the research on her dissertation. She raises questions about how her dissertation might have been different had she engaged more fully with the events and politics of the late 1980s and early 1990s. These questions are motivated by current events and politics and ask how we assign meaning to lived experiences as historians.

SOMOS POLITICAL MOVEMENT: FROM THE EMERGENCE TO THE FRACTIONATION OF THE LGBTQIA+ STRUGGLE

This study aims to understand the emergence and consolidation of the LGBTQIA+ political movement in Brazil, focusing on the 1970s and 1980s. The study was guided by the question of how and why the LGBTQIA+ political movement originated in Brazil. The investigation followed a bibliographical and documentary research, anchored in the materialist-dialectical method. The theoretical support was provided by the works of Cruz (2018), Green (2018), Mott (2018), Quinallha (2022), Trevisan (2018) among other authors dedicated to the theoretical unveiling of the problem. The historical moment that gave rise to the movement, the importance of the mass communication process through the press, the internal political-ideological struggles for the conception of the LGBTQIA+ social and political movement and the reconfiguration of the homosexual movement in Brazil in the 1990s are highlighted. In the conclusion phase, the period is identified as fundamental for the organization of the initial struggles against homophobia and for the affirmation of the movement as instruments of collective struggles for rights.

SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC POLICY FOR THE AMAZON BIOME: AN ESSAY OF THE PROAMBIENTE-POLO RIO CAPIM PROGRAM IN THE AMAZON OF PARÁ

From the 1990s onwards, the debate around environmental issues became increasingly present throughout the world. In this sense, the United Nations report entitled “Our Common Future”, known as the “Brundtland Report”, released in 1987, and the so-called United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (ECO-92), held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 (FILHO-MONTIBELLER, 2001), were two events of global notoriety, in which the search for a new form of development became evident, expressed not only by environmentalists, but also by social movements. Many proposals of a socio-environmental nature were triggered from the context of society's discussion about development. The COP-30 itself, to be held in Belém-PA, was not just a forum organized under the leadership of the United Nations, it represents a historic moment where the various matrices of the global environmental movement express themselves in parallel to the official event when the idea of ​​sustainable development is based on new premises of a guiding agenda for public policies.

Violence and apocalyptic notions in Mark 13

Mark 13 is famously known as the most challenging text in the entire Markan gospel. In Mark 13:7–8, the Markan Jesus foretells a tumultuous period marked by wars, rumours of wars, nations in conflict and natural hazards, aligning with common motifs in apocalyptic literature. The language vividly depicts a world in upheaval, emphasising cosmic and earthly disturbances as harbingers of climactic historical moments. The destruction of the temple, announced in Mark 13:2, is subject to both literal and symbolic interpretations, with some associating it with the historical event of the Second Temple’s destruction in 70 CE and others perceiving it as a symbol of the end of an age. Approaching Mark 13 without being triggered by violent connotations is unthinkable. Hence, responsible interpretation is pivotal in addressing such potentially violent connotations, particularly considering contemporary world conflicts. Sensitivity, without compromising the truth of the message of Mark 13, is crucial when considering the text’s impact on war-torn communities. This applies both to a reading that simulates the possible intention of the text within the context in which the Gospel, according to Mark, originated and to a historically informed use of such a reading considering contemporary conflicts. This study aims to employ a historiographical hermeneutic as an investigative tool to contribute a plausible understanding of the present text and avoid utilising this text as proof to promote violence and wars today. Especially, when one considers the recent catastrophes: natural hazards, civil unrest and wars across the world. Some are quick to utilise the Olivet discourse to explain such gruesome activities.Contribution: This study contextualizes Mark 13 within the 1st century CE, focusing on the Second Temple’s destruction in 70 CE. It promotes a sensitive interpretation, avoiding justifications for contemporary violence, and highlights the text’s relevance by drawing parallels between its turmoil and current global conflicts, encouraging ethical reflection.

Why robot embodiment matters: questions of disability, race and intersectionality in the design of social robots.

A growing minority of those with disabilities are people of color (POC), with, for example, autism diagnosis rates now higher for children of color than for white children in the USA. This trend underscores the need for assistive technologies, especially socially assistive robots, to be designed with intersectional users in mind. Outside of Japan, most robots are designed with white synthetic skin and able-bodied features, failing to reflect the diverse users they are meant to assist. This paper explores the concept of the "engineering imaginary," the historical and cultural influences that shape these designs, and which tend to limit robot embodiment to white, able-bodied forms. Drawing on work from scholars like Lucy Suchman, Jennifer Rhee, Neda Atanasoski and Kalindi Vora, the paper critiques this engineering bias. A key historical moment in the production of the engineered imaginary of artificial humans is provided by Ovid's myth of Pygmalion and its influence on representations across literature, film, and then robotics. Furthermore, the physicality of the robot, and its role in the production of nonverbal communication (NVC) for more inclusive interaction with humans is explored, seeing these as steps toward what some roboticists are calling Artificial Empathy (AE). Through case studies like Bestic, Bina48, and HuggieBot 3.0, the paper explores what I call the poverty of the engineering imaginary, how current robotics design fails to properly address issues of race, gender, and disability. Ultimately, the paper argues for more inclusive robot designs that accommodate diverse bodies and social dynamics, questioning the pervasive norm of white, able-bodied robotic embodiment.

The Impact of Political Interference on the Judiciary: India Vs. Pakistan

This paper investigates the significant effects of political interference on the judiciary in India and Pakistan, two countries with a common colonial history but differing paths since gaining independence. The judiciary serves as a fundamental pillar of democratic governance, designed to function independently while protecting the rule of law and upholding constitutional rights. Nevertheless, in both nations, political influences have notably affected judicial operations, compromised judicial independence and eroding public confidence. Through a comparative examination, this study highlights important historical moments, landmark rulings, and constitutional frameworks that demonstrate the degree and nature of political interference within both judicial systems. In India, such interference has emerged through executive control over judicial appointments and crises, notably during the Emergency period from 1975 to 1977. In contrast, Pakistan's judiciary has experienced direct meddling from military governments and political authorities, frequently rationalized by the contentious Doctrine of Necessity. Additionally, the paper investigates how the judiciary has responded to these interferences, including instances of judicial activism and civil society initiatives that promote judicial independence, such as the Lawyers' Movement in Pakistan. Ultimately, this research emphasizes the urgent need for strong protections to ensure judicial independence, bolster public trust in the judiciary, and maintain democratic principles in both countries. By highlighting the comparative experiences of India and Pakistan, this study aims to enrich the broader discussion on judicial independence in South Asia.

The Problem of Typology of States and Legal Systems

The essence of the historical types of the state and law is one of the most important and crucial historical moments, without which it is not possible to correctly understand the development of their essence, their socio-political content and significance, their form, activity, or the change of their place and role in the political system of society.

A (contra)reforma do ensino médio e o capitalismo histórico

The Brazilian high school, the last stage of basic education, is at an emblematic moment in its history. The law 13.415/2017 puts structural changes in this stage of education, such as changes in workload and inclusion of new curricular components, in line with a new national curriculum, the Common National Curricular Base. We seek to contribute to the understanding of the situation of the curricular component of Sociology (representing the Social Sciences) in this significant movement, specifying the case of the State of São Paulo, given that the component has a history of instability in school education, minimized with its inclusion as compulsory throughout the country in 2008. This contribution focuses on the relationships between the historical moment of changes in secondary education and the ruptures and continuities of the capitalist productive system, using the Systemic Cycles of Accumulation as a tool for analysis. The configuration of Sociology will be approached from the category of powerful knowledge, and how this knowledge is compromised in the current changes.

Under double shadows: how U.S.–China trade relations and path dependence shape China's IP preliminary injunction system

ABSTRACT The current IP preliminary injunction system in China is an awkward mixture that has developed under two shadows: U.S.–China trade relations, and path dependence. This article traces the historical moments when China amended its rules on IP preliminary injunctions. It finds that, while U.S.–China trade relations facilitated the transplantation of equitable standards into the regime, the basic procedural framework, rooted in the civil law tradition, remains largely intact. These double shadows have introduced pressing problems into the system. However, most of these issues can be attributed to China's retention of its basic procedural framework, which is shared with and originates from the property preservation system. Path dependence theory aptly explains this developmental trajectory and offers normative guidance for future reforms. It may not be feasible to conduct a full cost–benefit analysis on establishing a standalone framework for IP preliminary injunctions in China, which would represent a radical alteration of the system. However, the developmental-evolution model of path dependence theory can still provide valuable insights, even if the system currently exhibits a semi-strong form of path dependence. Chinese legislators could design future incremental reforms with path evolution in mind, aiming for a gradual recombination that ultimately pulls the IP preliminary injunction system out of its original procedural framework. Once sufficient incremental reforms have accumulated, decision-makers can seize critical junctures (such as future escalations in U.S.–China trade conflicts) as opportunities to establish a new, standalone framework for IP preliminary injunctions, thereby breaking the lock-in loop.

Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho’s scientific correspondence: historical connections between oceanography and marine biology from Portugal (1919–1949)

This article presents Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho’s scientific correspondence between 1919 and 1949, both nationally and internationally. It consists of 181 unpublished letters, exchanged with 30 relevant figures belonging to 11 countries, including France, the UK, Croatia, Japan, Germany, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Morocco, Belgium and Spain. This correspondence shows a network among different research institutions devoted to the marine sciences. This includes biological stations, such as the Istituto Italo-Germanico di Biologia Marina, laboratories and museums, e. g. the British Museum of Natural History. At the national level, the correspondence between Ramalho and Augusto Nobre represents a historical axis between Lisbon and Porto, involving two of the most relevant scientists in the fields of oceanography and marine biology. At the international level, Ramalho corresponded with personalities such as Henry Gascoyne Maurice and other members of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, including for example the oceanographer Vagn Walfrid Ekman. This correspondence represents an archival discovery of the Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere in Lisbon, marking a decisive historical scientific moment for both Portuguese and international contexts in the field of marine sciences. This article aims to reconstruct Portugal’s internal and external networks.

Impacts on Health, Environment and Quality of Life in the Post-Covid-19 Pandemic Period

Objective: To investigate how the pandemic and the post-COVID-19 scenario may impact current and future plans in health (medical area), the environment, and the population's quality of life. Theoretical Framework: In 2019, the world began to live as a hostage to an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. As uncertainty reigns, the severity of the situation has shown that it could have social, health, educational, economic, and environmental aspects. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a bibliographic review based on books, cataloged scientific articles being published on digital platforms including Scientific Library Online (SciELO), Pubmed, Periódico Capes, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, using the descriptors: COVID-19; quality of life; environment; health; and their respective synonyms, in Portuguese and English, published between 2015 and 2024. The exclusion criteria used in this study were duplicate articles in more than one database, with similar titles and that did not cover the topic, as well as articles published before 2015 in Portuguese and English. The main aspects analyzed for inclusion were the year of publication, type of study, language, objectives and main findings, according to the relevance of the original and current topic. Therefore, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we made a cut of works published in the last 9 years and in the end 31 works were selected for the construction of this study. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that all social spheres were, and may still be, affected unequally by the pandemic, since it is a situation of unknown nature, which is intensified every day by globalization and social inequalities. Direct impacts on the economy and jobs, as well as indirect effects of learning losses among children who are out of school. In terms of health and the impact on quality of life, we found changes in mental health, with an increase in the diagnosis of depression among adults. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the fields of health, environment and education. These implications can cover areas of health promotion, economics and public and private management. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by addressing a current topic with extreme social relevance that prioritizes deepening knowledge in the area that has changed humanity the most in current times: the COVID-19 Pandemic. Furthermore, it analyzes the real impacts of this historical and unique moment in the global context, with a greater focus on health, the environment and the quality of life of the human population.

Research on Foreign Art and Culture Communication and Exchange of Chinese Tang Dynasty Music and Dance as the Carrier

The historic moment when Belt and Road is about to go through the first glorious decade, dance is an important cultural carrier and link of China s foreign art exchange. As the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, Chang an of the Tang Dynasty conceived music and dance in the Tang Dynasty as the peak of the development of ancient dance art. In the next key into the Belt and Road under the historical background of ten years, through the tang dynasty music dance as the carrier of the world of Chinese traditional culture and art communication, constantly use theory with practice, with practice sublimation theory, through the dance theory innovation, expression, innovation, communication form innovation, propaganda mode innovation, talent training innovation to concise sublimation, for the Belt and Road great strategy of extension and expand contribution art strength, realize the high quality development of the new era of tang dance.

Crisis as war: undocumented migration and the Greek nation under threat

ABSTRACT The paper examines the interconnections between crisis, war and undocumented migration focusing on the crisis at Evros borderzone, Northeastern Greece, in February/March 2020. It puts forward an analysis of public discourse that posits Greece as “a nation under threat” and reflects on the notion of crisis both as a dimension of the present historical moment and a governmental device for strengthening state power. The paper suggests that crisis and war be understood as parts of a security continuum and that the Evros crisis of 2020 rendered visible the mutual constitution of the processes of illegalization and securitization of migration. Formulated as an open threat for Greece and Europe, undocumented mobility feeds into the (in)security spiral promoting more surveillance, tighter border control and deepening the social hierarchy that positions illegal(ized) migrants at the lowest social strata.

The Riḥlahs and Road Trips of Modern Iraqi Literature: Ṣafāʾ Khulūṣī’s Abū Nuwās fī Amrīkā

Abstract This article situates the 1955 novel Abū Nuwās fī Amrīkā by Ṣafāʾ Khulūṣī as an exemplar of and commentary on the dynamics of twentieth-century Iraqi cultural production. Drawing on Margaret Litvin’s application of “travel literature readings” to modern diasporic and expatriate literatures, it analyzes the novel’s protagonist—in the form of a reincarnated, radically reformed version of the Abbasid-era poet Abū Nuwās—as engaging in a “riḥlah-road-trip,” traversing the United States alongside an anonymous narrator. Rather than fashioning a conservative extension of the pre- and early modern riḥlah genre, in view of the author’s historical moment and works, this article argues that Khulūṣī parodies this genre by constructing critical distance and building intertextuality simultaneously. Khulūṣī draws on riḥlahs of the past, in which Iraq is represented as an advanced cosmopolitan destination, to speak to Iraq’s future as a differently globalized, modernizing state that grapples with its perceived temporal and cultural regress, much like the novel’s time-traveling protagonist.

The obscure object of desire: The role of political reflections, strategic calculations and informal networks in the development of national social dialogue across time in Spain over five decades

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the dynamics of social dialogue in Spain and highlights that to understand the relations between organised labour and the state a greater degree of historical sensibility in the way risks and calculations are developed in terms of exchanges and expectations is required. It goes beyond traditional institutionalist analysis to further understand how social dialogue at the state level occurs across different and complex trade-offs within political networks, even in weaker state contexts such as that of Spain. The article uses interviews with union leaders from the main Spanish unions involved in different historical moments to understand a range of uneven or opaque activities, the features of which can only be understood by expanding what we mean by the notion of political exchange, as well as the deliberate or conscious calculations and longer-term risks of such exchanges during different points in time.

Oliver Goldsmith’s Indigent Philosopher, U.S. Foreign Policy, and Three American Editions of The Vicar Of Wakefield, 1791–1839

Abstract Oliver Goldsmith is not usually associated with the foreign policy of the United States. Nevertheless a speech attributed to the ‘Indigent Philosopher’, first published in the London Lloyd’s Evening Post in February 1762 and included in Goldsmith’s Essays (1765; 2nd corrected edn 1766), was reprinted on three separate occasions, at the conclusion of new editions of the author’s The Vicar of Wakefield (1766). The editions were published in the-then US capital of Philadelphia in 1791 and 1795, and in the new capital, Washington, in 1839. The speech, an exhortation not to declare war against Spain, has a direct relevance to three distinct historical moments, however unexpected the context of republication.

Edge Computing Method for False Data Injection Attack Detection in Electromechanical Transient Simulation Grid

Because edge computing is close to the terminal, it has significant advantages of low latency and high-security realtime control and has huge application prospects in the current popular smart grid. Because its edge side is close to the terminal, it can also effectively avoid the risk of information leakage when control instructions or communication data are transmitted to remote cloud center servers over a long distance. However, edge devices have a greater probability of encountering false data injection attacks (FDIAs) from illegal terminals because of their proximity to terminals. The transient electromechanical situation of the smart grid due to FDIAs is analyzed under edge computing. Due to the characteristics that the status values of grid nodes have temporal correlation before and after and spatial correlation between nodes, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for training time series data is selected to predict the status values of grid nodes in advance. The FDIA detection method is also proposed based on the LSTM network. By calculating the predicted value at each historical moment and the root means square error (RMSE) of the system state estimation at that moment, the detection threshold of the scheme is calculated through the cumulative distribution function of RMSE. Simulation experiments are conducted on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)-14 node standard system. The detection rate is as high as 99.71%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed FDIA detection scheme. This paper studies the security threat of FDIA to the stable power system operation and provides theoretical analysis and practical reference for other power grid security protection strategies.