Historical Memory Research Articles

Celebration of the five-year anniversary of the restoration of Soviet power in Yeniseysk Governorate

The subject of the study is the process of preparing and holding celebrations on the occasion of the five-year anniversary of the restoration of Soviet power in Yenisei Governorate. For any political regime the theme of legitimisation of power plays a great importance. One of the important indicators of this phenomenon are holidays, which consolidate society, and also influence the formation and consolidation of historical memory. This can be traced back to the formation of the Soviet holiday calendar. The theme of the Civil War was of great importance to the Bolshevik government as an example of demonstrating the victory of the new power. In this regard, the first five-year anniversary was to emphasise the final consolidation of the Soviet political regime. The article draws attention to the peculiarities of determining the date of celebration, which is connected with the step-by-step process of restoring Soviet power in the territory of Siberia. Minusinsk it was 13 September 1924, Krasnoyarsk - 6 January 1925. The single day of the holiday was 14 December 1924 - the day of liberation of Novonikolaevsk. The methodology of this work is based on a sociocultural approach and the preservation of historical memory. The methodology of this work is based on the socio-cultural approach, based on the idea of "dialogue of the past" and the preservation of historical memory. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the attraction of a wide range of sources to cover the little-studied fact in the context of the formation of the regional holiday component. The result of the study is the reconstruction of events related to the preparation and holding of festive events in honour of the five-year anniversary of the restoration of Soviet power in Yenisei Governorate in 1924-1925.

КОНЦЕПТ «РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ» В ЭПОПЕЕ «КРАСНОЕ КОЛЕСО» И ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ А.И. СОЛЖЕНИЦЫНА: КУЛЬТУРФИЛОСОФСКИЙ СИНТЕЗ

At present, the issues of studying historical experience, restoring cultural and historical memory, articulating national-specific features and properly comprehending crucial events for the history of Russia are of particular importance. One of the universal and relevant sources here are literary and artistic works written by outstanding and recognized authors. A significant phenomenon in this regard is the revolution and its comprehensive study. Consideration of the concept of "revolution" in the epic "Red Wheel" and the journalistic works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn through cultural and philosophical synthesis is the purpose of this work. The methodological basis of the study was made up of both general scientific and interdisciplinary methods. During the work on the article, the author mainly turned to the cultural philosophical synthesis. According to the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the concept of "revolution" is presented ambivalently in the epic "Red Wheel" (as a positive and negative event). As a positive event, the revolution is presented as a phenomenon of rare spiritual beauty, a continuous celebration of hearts, a musical and attractive event. At the same time, the revolution symbolizes the truth, the renunciation of arbitrariness, concretizes the truth, and also heals the people's soul. The revolution as a negative event is depicted in the narrative as robbery, chaos, cruelty, stupidity, a bloody explosion, characterized by a spontaneous and uncontrollable course. In the space of publicistic works, A. I. Solzhenitsyn also comprehensively comprehended the phenomenon of revolutions, dividing them into moral and physical. The writer considered moral revolutions an unexplored saving phenomenon, the only possible way of radical transformation, a symbol of evolution. Physical revolutions, on the contrary, undermine the historical process, as they are unnatural, pathogenic in nature, sow chaos, bring to life base instincts, the decline of morals, the disintegration of the family, universal hatred. Such revolutions are often born under the guise of denial of culture, morality and religion.

Petőfi napja, Kossuth éve, avagy ki és hogyan csinálja a történelmet?

Th›is paper examines the role of Petőfi and Kossuth – two important figures in the Hungarian historical memory – in the events of 1848 which was a turning point in history, and it led to changing the existing structures. Moreover, the paper discusses how Petőfi and Kossuth tried to interpret recent historical events and the ways they tried to make the public accept these interpretations.

From Policy to Practice: Interpreting Polish Strategic Culture Amidst the Russian Full-Scale Invasion of Ukraine

This research analyses the key components of the Polish strategic culture, mainly the national historical memory of previous relations with Russia, the role of NATO in Poland’s security and defence, the country’s objective to become a leading power in the Central and Eastern European, and the concept of strategic culture can become an additional explanatory determinant of Poland’s response to the Russian full-scale aggression against Ukraine. The case study considered Poland’s immediate firm and sweeping support of Ukraine in the first year of the Russian full-scale aggression.
 This article aims to understand essential determinants in modern Polish foreign and security policy and how they played out during the Russian war against Ukraine. The paper applies the strategic culture as an example of the critical theoretical approach to explain how historically-based context and specific national identical features influence decision-making in present times. The study used a systemic review of related literature, media coverage of the latest Russian war against Ukraine developments, and deductive analysis methods.
 The central assumption is that the concept of strategic culture becomes a crucial explanatory factor in understanding policy- and decision-making processes in the field of foreign and security policy. The main conclusions of the paper are that Poland’s response and reaction to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a continuation of the long-lasting policy maintained by Poland regarding the elimination of military and hybrid threats posed by Russia, reduction of Russian influence in Europe, development of the Eastern European region and strengthening relations with its staunch ally – the US.

Holocaust: Artistic Dimensions of Contemporary Ukrainian Prose (Using the Example of Larysa Denysenko’s Echoes: From the Dead Grandfather to the Deceased

In recent times, global events have starkly illuminated the disturbing absence of ethnic tolerance, thrusting interethnic conflicts into the spotlight and casting shadows over both individual and collective identities. This research focuses on the Holocaust, delving into the annals of history through the lenses of recollection, personal identification, and genetic memory, as portrayed within the pages of the novel Echoes: From the Dead Grandfather to the Deceased. The primary aim is to fathom the gradual erosion of collective historical memory over time and discern its profound significance for future generations. Within this study, an examination of the interplay between the ‘collective unconscious’ and the ‘personal unconscious’ is undertaken. Additionally, the novel’s utilization of symbols and details is scrutinized. The research employs a multifaceted approach, encompassing historical-genetic, interpretative, narrative, and psychoanalytic methodologies. Through the protagonist’s transformative journey, the novel highlights the importance of preserving historical memory and recognizing its lasting impact on individual and collective consciousness.

Formation of historical memory of students by means of network project activities

Formation of historical memory of students by means of network project activities

Čo pre Slovákov znamenal a v súčasnosti znamená štátny sviatok Slovenského národného povstania?

Intention of the authors is to analyse the importance of national holiday of the Slovak National Uprising in a context of collective and historical memory of the Slovak nation. The aim of submitted paper is therefore to analyse various lines of opinion on the Slovak National Uprising, especially from the perspective of two totalitarian ideologies, as well as from the perspective of contemporary historiography after 1989. In the context of aforementioned analyses, authors deal with recent and historical interpretations from the historical and collective memory point of view, with an emphasis on legal consequences. The first years of independence and democracy brought to Slovakia re-increase of pro-fascist (ľudák’s) interpretation of history, which, however, did not succeeded in settling down in the collective memory of the Slovak nation. Nevertheless, the last years once again brought relativisation and misinterpretation of historical context of the Slovak National Uprising and its specific standing in society as a national holiday in particular. Reflecting these negative trends, the authors also consider possibilities of effective protection of national holidays, not only with the use of law.

Ukrainian Identity of Vasyl Stus: the Concept of “Freedom” in the Movie “Prohibited”

Historical reactualization is a hallmark of the biofiction genre and a modern aesthetic tendency in art, that revolves around the reflection of political and social processes, which affect the common man of the 21st century. The scientific problem is the interpretation of history in art, the use of biography as a creative material in cinema and literature, the formation of reliable historical memory of Ukrainians, the debunking of "myths", overcoming post-colonial Ukrainian thinking, raising the issue of the consequences of ethnolinguistic nationalism. The aim is the underlining of the concepts “Freedom” and “Safety” in the film “Prohibited” 2019, the interpretation of the evolution Vasyl Stus artistic image in the biofiction “Prohibited” from “Unfreedom” to “Freedom” through “Danger”, the understanding of the conflict individual / power : artist / crowd. I propose to sharpen attention around the problem of ethnolinguistic nationalism through the mental conflict “Ukrainian” / “Russian”, in which the historical memory of the Ukrainian ethnos is revealed as an intellectual aspiration influenced by the experience /burden of 300 years of history. The biofiction of the life of Ukrainian poet Vasyl Stus, his ethical and moral position and aesthetic concept reveals the ethnic and cultural Ukrainian stratum, where the phenomenon of patriotism will be revealed at the level of the feeling “own”. Conflicts and characters uncover ideas: Vasyl Stus's love for his native land is his free choice, which reveals his individual virtues and prowess. In the pursuit of ethnic freedom, Vasyl Stus is revealed as having been defeated during his life, but gaining fame and recognition after his death. Vasyl Stus gave his life for: the development of Ukrainian literature, culture, art, and language. He is a patriot of “Ukrainian”. The poet's life is a version of art, it is wrapped around protest, around the non-acceptance by a talented individual of a totalitarian state, which suffocates and kills. Vasyl Stusy's steps are a resistance to Russian ethnolinguistic nationalism. The introduction of ethnolinguistic nationalism was imposed on everyone as the dominance Russian language, behind which is the discrimination of Ukrainians at the levels of: language, history, literature, culture, statehood.

Mapping Germanness in early 20th century USA: topic modeling and GIS within a small corpus framework

Abstract The increased emphasis on language and ethnicity among German immigrants in the USA at the beginning of the 20th century resulted from inter-ethnic competition as well as assimilation pressures on Germans as a minority in American society. Following the unification of Germany and the improvement of German international status, Germans in America claimed superiority of German culture; middle-class advocates attempted to build a more united German-American community, fighting for a stronger voice on issues such as prohibition and German language education. These processes eventually led to the establishment of the National German-American Alliance in Philadelphia in 1901. The present article employs topic modeling and GIS techniques to examine the little-known conference proceedings of the Alliance and discuss Prince Heinrich “Henry” of Prussia’s 1902 visit to the USA. On the humanities side, we foreground the dynamics of the German diaspora who sought their own ethnic uniqueness and constructed historical memory during this period. On the digital side, we discuss different statistical evaluations of topic models as well as their applicability within a small corpus research framework.

Dramsko delo Daneta Zajca

The article is the survey of plays written by Dane Zajc, who has become part of Slovene literary history not only as an excellent poet, but also as a playwright. His dramatic pieces, referred to rather modestly by the author as “the plays”, complement and reflect his poetic world, marked by alienation and conceived with an idea that humans are solitary figures burdened by past or semi-past history. In Zajc’s dramatic work poetry signifies a self-evident and expressive artistic part, through which also the mythical, dream-like and other parallel realities step into the dramatic space and time, with which the author indicates the cracks of time, even more so in the historical memory, which should not fade in the face of totalitarisms of the modern world.

Partizanska zgodba v sodobnem slovenskem romanu

In the new millennium, the Partisan story has become very common in the contemporary Slovenian novel. As in the current social situation, the genre establishes different relationships towards the Partisan struggle for freedom in the following novels: Da me je strah? by Maruša Krese, Saga o kovčku by Nedeljka Pirjevec, Angel pozabe (Engel des Vergessens) by Maja Haderlap, Opoldne zaplešejo škornji by Zdenko Kodrič, Paloma negra by Miha Mazzini, Ubijanje kače by Jože Snoj and To noč sem jo videl by Drago Jančar. The relationships oscillate between ethical responsibility and historical memory through a reassessment of history to the point of relativising it in the sense of the demythologisation, profanation, exotification and poeticisation of the Partisan struggle.

Rewriting history: a conversation between Parham Taghioff and Hamidreza Karami

ABSTRACT This illustrated conversation between Parham Taghioff and Hamidreza Karami focuses on Taghioff’s profound engagement with history and the philosophy of history within his photographic projects. The dialogue explores how Taghioff’s work reveals the common tendency for individuals to unwittingly cast themselves as characters in the historical drama without a conscious understanding of their roles. Key projects, such as the ‘Hands On/Hands Off’ (2014) and the ‘Asymmetrical Authority’ series (2018), are discussed, emphasising the artist’s reliance on personal historical understanding and historical memory. Taghioff highlights the dynamic nature of historical comprehension, stressing that continual emergence of new facts, documents and narratives prevents a definitive understanding of the past. The conversation also touches on Taghioff’s perspective as a contemporary artist in Iran, highlighting the need to examine history to grasp one’s contemporary position. The conversation concludes with insights into Taghioff’s artistic methodology, involving the analysis and use of archival materials, texts and images to reconstruct and critically examine various historical perspectives.

The Discourse of Secession in Novuyo Rosa Tshuma’s House of Stone

ABSTRACT This article examines the depiction of the discourse of secession in Novuyo Rosa Tshuma’s House of Stone (2018). Borrowing insights on secession from international law and drawing on postcolonial concepts of identity formation and the theory of ethnicity as entry points, the article highlights the elusive nature of nation in Zimbabwe and affirms that the secessionist calls are a manifestation of the Ndebele people’s struggles against the dialectics of otherness. The central argument advanced in this article is that the secession addressed in Tshuma’s novel is a particular instance of an ethnic group’s re-imagination of its identity that is given form and impetus by a past legacy that includes historical imaginations and memories of experiences in post-independence Zimbabwe. In addition, the article argues that this ethnic exclusiveness that is rendered under the political rubric of secession is in stark contrast to the common and shared imaginings of a single nation that is built upon the tenets of basic unity and the existence of a single set of shared principles as postulated by postcolonial theorists. Thus, the article concludes by highlighting the contested and paradoxical nature of secession since it can be viewed on the one hand as a negative rebellion against the status quo or, on the other hand, a positive affirmation of concepts, models and even blueprints for new societies. The article is significant in that it contributes to debates on national identity and contemporary discourses on justice and the accepted frameworks of human rights.

Clickbait modernism

ABSTRACT Over recent years terms such as autofiction, postcritique and postfiction have been repurposed to designate a moment in the history of the novel, and in culture more broadly, to do with the distribution of narrative authority. These terms have also helped articulate a contemporary double bind whereby impatience with the knowingness of third-person narration meets an equal and opposite impatience with ideology critique, whose unmasking of textual or authorial ideology is itself viewed as excessively knowing. This article reconnects such a discursive predicament to the enduring problem of modernism’s relation to realism. Through a consideration of public acts of reading in James Joyce’s ‘A Painful Case’ (pub.1914), Anna Burns’s Milkman (2018) and Patricia Lockwood’s No One is Talking About This (2021), it considers the place of realism in relation to both the current impact of the internet and the historical memory of literary modernism. It argues that if we want to think about modernism’s continued relevance to contemporary cultural forms we should consider how the devices of realism imperilled at the end of the nineteenth century remain differently imperilled in today’s online world.

Russian Federation and Uzbekistan: Russian Identity and Attitude to Russians

The article presents the results of a study of the communication regime of the Republic of Uzbekistan in relation to the Russian Federation, in the context of modern changes in the world order. Despite the global challenges, the Republic of Uzbekistan is strengthening its close and friendly relations with the Russian Federation. The Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Treaty underlines the importance of strengthening cooperation between the two countries. The analysis of the communication regime covers both official resources and the media, while revealing a positive trend in communicationswith Russia. Russian identity and the degree of positivity of communication in relation to the Russian language and Russian identity in Uzbekistan are considered in the article. The Russian language is preserved, and the Russian identity is encouraged and supported. The Republic supports friendly and positive communication with respect to Russia, Russians, Russian language and Russian identity, even in the face of global changes. Uzbekistan continues to strengthen relations with Russia on the basis of mutual respect, partnership and common historical memory, which remains important in the modern geopolitical reality.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR STUDYING HISTORICAL MEMORY IN THE POLITICAL ASPECT

The study of historical memory is an essential aspect of political science. This is due to the case that the role of historical memory is substantial in ensuring the internal stability and development of the state, the identity of the people. Therefore, the policy of historical memory of Kazakhstan is not to demonstrate superiority over others or criticize our history for its difficulties. It is in order to determine our true iden-tity based on our historical memory through an objective study of the history. The national consciousness will be wide due to the enormous inner spiritual connection of our society, the wealth of the historical memory fund and its influence on historical consciousness. Cultural continuity and national-civic iden-tity are realized on the basis of historical memory. Therefore, historical memory, which has not yet been studied from the point of view of political science, is an urgent problem as an important factor in ensur-ing political stability and economic development of the country. We should study this issue in theoreti-cal and conceptual terms due to the dispersion and lack of systematization of research necessitates. The purpose of the study is to give a political definition by analyzing the conclusions concerning historical memory, analyze it in order to determine its types and directions and make a conclusion. In the article, the conclusions of foreign and domestic scientists are systematized and classified according to their content. On the basis of general scientific methods such as systematization, classification, and annology, the interdisciplinary nature of historical memory is determined. We proposed an integrated approach to solving the problem. The concepts of historical memory, social memory, collective memory, cultural memory are analyzed and their content is highlighted. The concept of forgetting, which goes hand in hand with the concept of historical memory, is analyzed. The reasons for forgetting aspects of the past are shown and its influence on the country’s policy is determined.

Scientific research by British authors on the Second World War as an element of information and psychological confrontation with Russia

The article examines the political and ideological narratives in the scientific research of British authors devoted to the Second World War. The purpose of this publication is to study the works of British authors as a tool of information and psychological warfare aimed at promoting a certain ideological agenda in Russian society. In the course of the study, some recommendations were formulated that can contribute to strengthening state policy in the field of preserving historical memory. The subject of the research is the scientific research of such authors as: E. Beevor, M. Hastings, T.Ripley, K.Aylesby, S. Crawford, N. Cornish, S.Hart, R. Hart and M. Hughes. The object is political and ideological narratives aimed at promoting the pro-Western agenda in the information and educational field, as well as in the publishing sphere. The research methodology was subordinated to the goals and objectives of the work, directly reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the topic under study. To identify the main narratives in the works of foreign authors, a qualitative content analysis was conducted aimed at reflecting the main plots, images and their political and ideological content. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the distortion and manipulation of historical memory in the research of British authors is aimed at promoting a certain ideological and political agenda. This process is carried out using a one-sided selection of facts in the description, certain events and the placement of narrative accents, as well as in the dehumanization of the Red Army and the Soviet Union. The narrative constructed by Western authors is aimed at both the internal audience and the younger generation within our country, in order to involve them in the areola of Western information policy. Today, the narrative of the Second World War is used by modern researchers and politicians of the Western world as a tool to promote the anti-Russian agenda. In order to counteract the Western policy of distorting historical memory, it is necessary to take a number of the following measures: the promotion of popular scientific journals on history, the return of editorial edits and articles from the editor when publishing research by Western authors, the return of printing memoirs of Red Army soldiers and the restriction of publication of memoirs of the German military.

CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE GLOBAL ETHNO-POLITICAL SPACE

The modern world is faced with global instability, adaptation to which has become a motive for the transition to a new model of civilizational development. The key point of this model is the preservation of the entire cultural diversity of the world through a real mutually equal dialogue of cultures, taking into account the ethno-cultural diversity and national characteristics of peoples. The collapse of the USSR gave rise to a “fever of ethnocracy”, the desire of the new government to oust all representatives of foreign-speaking ethnic groups from the country at any cost, especially from the administration, education, ideology and spiritual life, the armed forces and law enforcement agencies, even regardless of their level of competence. The ongoing processes of systemic transformation were accompanied by a political, economic social and cultural crisis, which required national-state self-determination. It was necessary to quickly decide on filling the specific content of national sovereignty, decide on the Basic Law, deal with the “blank spots” of Belarusian history, decide what the essence of the Belarusian national idea, Belarusian identity is, how to live on, with whom to be friends, what model of development to follow. In the context of such dynamic changes and global challenges, finding an opportunity to protect traditional cultural values means protecting the national interests of your country. National identity is instilled and fixed in the cultural code of a citizen of a country that he wants to be proud of and accepts as his only homeland. People are led into the future by ideals associated with the dream of a fair society with ensuring stability and the hope of returning to national traditions. The Republic of Belarus is located in the border zone between two civilizational models of development, Western and Russian. Belarus received from each of them some features, which together formed a kind of cultural and historical unity, at the same time similar and unlike these civilizations. The rooting of the Belarusian statehood is characterized by the fact that the "European" component of the Belarusian identity is strengthened in comparison with its "Soviet" part. The formation of the national and civic consciousness of young people is quite contradictory and ambiguous. This is largely due to a certain deprivation of youth of "historical memory", the presence of "blank spots" in the history of the post-Soviet countries, and the inconsistency of the formation of a new statehood. The claims of any culture to the exclusive universal significance are counterproductive in this situation. Modern globalism is dangerous because it tries to instill in the consciousness the idea of the universal significance of only European culture.

ЦІННІСНО-СВІТОГЛЯДНІ ОРІЄНТИРИ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА 1991 РОКУ (НА МАТЕРІАЛАХ ГАЗЕТИ «ЛІТЕРАТУРНА УКРАЇНА»)

In the conditions of the collapse of the USSR and the gaining of independence by Ukraine, the Ukrainian public faced a number of challenges regarding national identity, historical memory, national and political consciousness, etc. In this vein, in 1991, the Center for Political Psychology and Communication of the Kyiv Union of Higher School Teachers schools and scientists, together with the editorial board of the «Literary Ukraine» newspaper, conducted a sociological study on the study of public opinion regarding the topical issues of that time, historical memory, and national consciousness. A number of questions were posed to society: «Who are we?», «What are we like?», «What do we want and what must we do?», «What kind of people are we?», «What kind of historical memory do we have?», «Do we believe in the national, spiritual and state revival of Ukraine?». The article shows the national composition of the population of Ukraine. A sociological portrait of survey respondents was made. The affiliation of the respondents to one or another political culture was determined, where the attitude towards the state leader was the main evaluation criterion, when the western political culture is oriented towards the equality of all citizens, including the leader of the state, while the eastern political culture is focused on the charisma of the leader. The ratio of different personality types among carriers of types of political culture is shown in percentages, their behavior in conflicts, which gives us a certain idea about the formation of their genotype, identity. The opinions of representatives of different types of political culture regarding the principles of choosing the president, regarding the forms of cooperation of Ukraine with the subjects of the former USSR, were analyzed, regarding the rating of historical figures, the popularity of political figures of Ukraine, the significance of Ukraine’s entry into the USSR and the proclamation of the Act of Independence of Ukraine. It was concluded that the society was not monolithic, identical, because it was formed under the influence of many different factors, among which a special place is occupied by the valuable and worldview aspect of the behavior of various social groups, which was related to their interaction with the political authorities. In this respect, the issue of entry/secession of Crimea and Donbas was indicative. That is, already at the moment when Ukraine gained independence, the mentioned question began to be raised at the level of separatism.

Local cultural memory of Ulytau: the sacralisation of the area by means of symbolic forms encoding

In the modern memory research, it is customary to distinguish the cultural and historical memory. Cultural memory is formed by the media-participants of the event, based on generational values, it has the ability to the constantly transformation. Whereas historical memory is a combination of knowledge and ideas about events in the past, accumulated through the information environment controlled by the authorities. Applying these theoretical developments to the analysis of nation-forming processes in Kazakhstan, in this research paper, we pay attention to to the practice of constructing sacred places of memory or special places of national worship. Considering that the toponym Ulytau gave the name to a new administrative entity, this is of interest how knowledge about the cultural landscape revitalizes in the Ulytau district. After all, within the Soviet period, it can be stated that much knowledge was literally displaced to the periphery of socio-humanities in Kazakhstan. Whereas from a certain period Ulytau is beginning to stay in the position as a special historical centre – a landmark value for cultural memory. In this regard, the research work based on the study of the processes of Ulytau transformation into a powerful modernization concept of cultural memory restoration carries out through the sacralisation of the area. The article completed within the framework of a dissertation research on the topic “Cultural landscape: research problems”.