Lessons Of History Research Articles

‘과거사 청산’을 주제로 한

Objectives This study examined the content selection of history lessons on the topic of truth and justice in order to teach history for democratic citizenship.
 Methods I identified the concepts of truth and justice and historical reconciliation for civic education. Then, I reviewed the direction of education on the past and truth and justice. I analyzed the textbook “Modern and Contemporary History of Korea” in the 7th curriculum and the textbook “Korean History” in the 2015 revised curriculum and selected the content of history learning with the theme of truth and justice.
 Results First, students should learn about the past and who was involved in the movement for truth and justice. Second, learn the structures that connect the past and present. Third, learn about the arguments surrounding truth and justice. Teachers should teach students to engage in the argument for truth and justice.
 Conclusions The history textbooks were analyzed. Compared to the 7th curriculum's “Korean History” textbook, the narrative of the 2015 revised curriculum clarified the main actors of state violence and the movement of truth and justice, and there was a clear trend away from the anti-communist narrative. The development of democracy was also described in connection with the truth and justice. However, the narrative of the period, in which the executive branch was the main actor in truth and justice, needs to be supplemented with a variety of actors. We propose the following as the contents of history learning on the topic of truth and justice. By learning about the history of truth and justice, students will develop their capacity to build human rights and democratic societies. They will become citizens who actively engage in social discussions about truth and justice.

메타버스를 활용한 역사과 교사교육의 가능성과 한계

Purpose: This study aims to explore the characteristics when pre-service teachers in teacher training programs develop and demonstrate micro-teaching history lesson modules using the metaverse, and examines the impact of metaverse development and utilization experiences on micro-teaching.
 Methods: Specifically, pre-service teachers participated in acquiring skills to utilize metaverse platforms, digitally reenacting the past, and in the development and application of micro-teaching programs. Instructors conducted university lectures on this subject, and participant surveys were carried out to assess the process.
 Results: The research results showed that pre-service teachers who participated in a course on teaching methodology using the metaverse were able to overcome their fear of online platforms by engaging in the process of understanding history recreated in virtual spaces and improving their lesson demonstration skills through online micro-teaching. They were able to conduct lesson demonstrations that included feedback considering student responses in virtual class scenarios, overcoming the constraints of time and space. By producing and applying historical education content in the metaverse for lesson demonstrations, they could establish a foundation for developing online teaching and learning materials for their students.
 Conclusion: In the era of AI digital education, it is necessary not only to develop and distribute metaverse platforms but also to provide teacher education that enhances the ability of pre-service teachers to utilize this digital literacy in their teaching.

THE USE OF COMPARISONS IN THE POEMS OF MASHKHUR ZHUSSIP

This article deals with the specifics of the use of comparisons in the poems of Mashkhur Zhussip Kopeev. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the role of comparisons in defining the author’s originality of the poet. One of the targets of the article is to identify the types of comparisons which are considered one of the advantages of the poet’s poems and to show the author’s own individuality. The classification distribution of scientifically proved comparisons was strictly followed during the article and played an essential role in reflecting the richness of the poet’s works. In particular, metaphorical comparison, epithet comparison, metonymic, synecdochic comparison can enrich the work of a scientist and become a good argument in defining his individuality from other authors. It is proved in the article by concrete examples that the poet in a figurative, expressive, clear presentation of his thoughts quite reasonably used his figurative, expressive-emotional coloristic comparisons. It is determined that the figurative expressions characteristic of the author poetically enriched the work of Mashkhur Zhussip. The relevance of the article is the differentiation of abstained, unspoken, without repeating the questions touched upon in the works of scientists who have studied the poet’s works so far. The research has scientific and practical importance. It can also be used in Mashhur Studies, in local history lessons, in the discipline of literature of the early XX century and general theory of literature. At the conclusion of the work it was proved that comparisons have a new meaning in the poet’s word usage, a brilliant hint, different internal hints given by a subtext meaning. Keywords: comparison, poet’s word usage, figurative phrase, poetics, expressive coloring, emotional coloring.

The Vitality of the Korčanica Memorial Landscape

<p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The Korčanica Memorial Zone is a Yugoslav architectural heritage, one of the many World War II memorials and one of the rare preserved memorial sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Korčanica memorial of the former Partisan hospital is presented as historical landscape research. Through multi-layered, primarily cultural, social and economic aspects of the Bosnian Krajina territory development at a given time, the paper aims to its (re)integration in urban planning and landscape design, with public participation in local and regional development. Korčanica landscape historical contextualization, through available archival materials and periodicals research, information obtained by interviewing the sculptor and on-site analysis, provided a broad insight into heritage as a process within specific discourses, helping in current significance comprehension. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Universal landmark language in the current Korčanica landscape communicates intelligibly by timeless message design quality. The message sent in this place almost half a century ago, although now out of its political and socio-ideological context and currently unprotected, manages to reach the few casual or intentional visitors. Its vitality lies in the uniqueness of the response to, first of all, the historically significant place marking - for the birth of great social strength and unity, to the expected abstraction or symbolism beyond the national, as well as the response to the natural context of this hidden landmark, whereby in formulating such an answer in a sculpture scale, the author himself remains true to his expression. The landscape biography reading discovered many history lessons about the variable territory state, and many traces of social, economic, educational, cultural and technological layers of Grmeč Mountain history are (un)available in the current Korčanica landscape.</span></p>

Historic British Royal Memes

Historic British Royal Memes

Impact of Western transmission of the Peking Gazette on Late-Qing China’s information security

The Peking Gazette, as a widespread and effective medium for the dissemination of important information from the Qing government, played a significant role in the internal governance of the empire. In the 19th century, Western missionaries, diplomats, and businessmen in China respected the authenticity and authority of the content in the Gazette, and carried out large-scale translations of political, social, cultural, economic, and military-diplomatic information into English. Western transmission of the Peking Gazette to some extent promoted cultural exchanges between China and the West and also provided the Western powers, which were in a period of expansion, with a wealth of political and military intelligence. The internally focused Qing dynasty was initially unaware of the Western transmission of the Peking Gazette and later took a series of doomed measures, leading to severe damage to national information security and political safety. The historical lessons of the Qing empire are enlightening for countries worldwide today: there is a need not only for openness and transparency but also for balancing the relationship between information disclosure and national security.

Perjalanan Haji Abad XIX dalam Menumbuhkan Kesadaran Nasionalisme dan Relevansinya dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di Sekolah

Perjalanan Haji Abad XIX dalam Menumbuhkan Kesadaran Nasionalisme dan Relevansinya dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di Sekolah

A Critical Analyses on the History of Indigenous Resistance Movements: Lessons for Contemporary Struggles

The research paper, " A Critical Analyses on the History of Indigenous Resistance Movements: Lessons for Contemporary Struggles," comprehensively examines Indigenous resistance movements globally. The primary objectives of this study are to unearth historical narratives of Indigenous resistance, analyse their characteristics, and extract lessons applicable to contemporary struggles for Indigenous rights and social justice. The research employs a multi-faceted methodology to achieve these objectives, encompassing extensive literature review, archival research, and qualitative analysis of selected case studies. Ethical considerations in Indigenous research guide our data collection and analysis process. The key findings of this research illuminate a rich tapestry of Indigenous resistance movements spanning diverse regions and periods. These movements exhibit remarkable resilience, adaptability, and a commitment to cultural preservation in the face of colonial oppression. The study identifies commonalities in their strategies, including grassroots organising, cultural revitalisation, and alliances with sympathetic non-Indigenous groups. The implications of our research are profound. By revisiting the history of Indigenous resistance, we provide contemporary Indigenous communities and activists with valuable insights and inspiration. These historical lessons can inform present-day strategies, contribute to preserving Indigenous cultures, and bolster the pursuit of justice, equity, and self-determination for Indigenous peoples globally. In conclusion, this research underscores the enduring legacy of Indigenous resistance movements and their relevance in addressing the pressing challenges Indigenous communities face today. By mapping this history and distilling its lessons, we aim to promote a deeper understanding of Indigenous struggles and foster solidarity in pursuing a more just and inclusive world.

Historical experience in the development of teaching aids on the history of the native land for schoolchildren in the context of the modern educational situation (on the example of the Ural Federal District)

The article provides an overview of educational and methodological manuals on the history of the native land for schools of the subjects of the Russian Federation located in the Ural Federal District, which appeared in the period from the 1970s to the present day. A comparison of the situation in the Tyumen, Kurgan, Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk Regions and the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs was made. The assessment of the compliance of the available textbooks with the modern requirements of the school educational system, the historical and cultural standard of school education, and the study of all-Russian historical processes in history lessons is given. The conclusion is made about the insufficient provision of educational and methodological material on the history of the native land in modern schools of the Ural Federal District. This situation is due to the varying degree of development of the manuals in the analyzed subjects. The hypothesis is put forward that the work in the field of creating a unified textbook on the history of the Ural Federal District can become an additional guarantee of countering the trends in the formation of excessive national identity. Based on the new manual, which will take into account the current requirements of the modern school educational system, it will be possible to create the necessary link between local and all-Russian history, when a student, feeling part of his region, would at the same time feel part of a large region.

Pedagogical Technologies and Cognitive Development in Secondary Education

Abstract Introduction The model for implementing pedagogical technologies to the develop cognitive processes of secondary education students is highly significant in the present era. Objectives The purpose of the study is to substantiate and practically test some pedagogical technologies used in the process of secondary education. Methods To investigate this issue in more detail, theoretical research methods were used, namely: analysis, generalisation, synthesis, structural and functional methods, and empirical research methods such as testing, survey, and experiment. Results The main result of the study is the proof of the fact that pedagogical technologies for the development of cognitive abilities in students affect their success in learning and their level of productivity. Discussion The experimental part of the study showed that it is necessary to introduce such teaching methods as game techniques “In search of the truth,” “Perceive the date,” “Naughty numbers,” and “Black Box” in the development of chronological knowledge in history lessons, since the use of such techniques at any age contributes to the development of stable associative connections, as opposed to direct memorisation. Moreover, such training promotes the development of imagination, logical thinking of students, and memorisation mechanisms and effectively affects the development of cognitive abilities of the individual. The practical significance of this study is that all the materials can be used in educational institutions by teachers, students, and other researchers.

On Advantage or Disadvantage of Academic Scholarship for Life

The article with allusions on Nietzsche’s provocation about history lessons proposes an interdisciplinary approach to academic scholarship considered as a special cultural and organizational form of advanced studies aimed at professional development or skill exchange, which have influence on human being in contemporary societies involved in the process of globalization. The theoretical conceptualization of institutionalized forms of scholarships and internships is analyze in connection with its practical representation and economical allocation. Pathological representations of academic scholarship as an end in itself are unveiled as a kind of conspicuous consumptions symbolizing the status position or exclusivity on the borders between academic community and mass-media. The purpose of this article is to explicate some representations of academic scholarship in the contexts of the academic capitalism searching the way of overcoming its utilitarian limitations with universal ethical imperatives. To realize such a purpose, phenomenological reduction is applied in combination with the biographical method. Assumptions made in the article are verified on biographical fragments of curriculum vitae of influential sociologists such as Ralf Dahrendorf and Niklas Luhmann, because the social and professional self-realization and revision of the life-priorities of them was due in many aspects to academic scholarship gained by different ways but with success, especially in the field of educational policy and in the case of establishing democracy in the process of post-totalitarian transformation in Germany. This experience can be useful for Ukraine as well. The phenomenon of the cultural shock and its influence on visiting scholars is explicated. The role of communication between epistemic cultures is emphasized on by overcoming epistemic injustice and establishing academic integrity.

History lessons. Search for forms of rental housing – experience of Europe and the USA in the 19-20 centuries

The increased international and interregional mobility of people, characteristic of the beginning of the 21 century, stimulates the development of new principles of socially oriented design of rental housing in the interests of preventing inequality and segregation. In this regard, the importance of historical experience increases. The article focuses on some unique foreign experiments of the 19–20 centuries. An attempt has been made to clarify the key types of residential structures for socially vulnerable categories of the population and their architectural and typological features. The object of the study is a residential environment of a rental (municipal) type, the subject of the study is factors influencing the typological evolution of housing for families with household income below average. The purpose of the study is to systematize and summarize new information, critically analyze the experience of improving an economical home and identify its progressive forms.

Are there historical lessons across time and space? The ethics of ‘never again’ in European history teaching

ABSTRACT This paper explores the intersection of historical remembrance and the ethical imperative of ‘never again’ in shaping a peaceful future, drawing on the context of Council of Europe’s commitment to history education. It believes in the pivotal role of understanding the past for fostering democratic values. However, the paper critically examines the limitations of the widely embraced ‘never again’ ethic, transcending mere historical knowledge. The author, working in a post-conflict setting, discusses the complexities of transforming this ethic into an empirical tool. By delving into examples such as refugee camps during the 2015 crisis and ICE detention camps, the paper highlights the challenges of applying ‘never again’ in new political and social realities. While acknowledging the limitations of relying solely on history education, the paper suggests the need for multidisciplinary approaches and emphasizes competencies beyond historical thinking in shaping a promising future. The conclusion calls for engagement across sectors and broader knowledge incorporation in teacher training programs. Overall, the paper navigates the intricate relationship between historical awareness, ethical imperatives, and the practical challenges of preventing atrocities in the contemporary world.

Evaluating the Implementation of Energy Retrofits in Historic Buildings: A Demonstration of the Energy Conservation Potential and Lessons Learned for Upscaling

This study presents an in-depth analysis of 69 case studies focusing on the energy retrofit of historic buildings, uncovering challenges, best practices, and lessons learned to balance energy efficiency improvements with heritage preservation. The findings highlight several challenges encountered during renovations, such as complex heritage evaluations, restrictions on alterations, coordination issues with authorities, technical limitations, higher investment costs, and knowledge gaps. On the other hand, identifying factors promoting renovation, including demonstrating energy savings while respecting heritage, early collaboration between planners and authorities, and quantifying investments, could incentivize owners and authorities. The limitations of a still-limited sample size, occasional incomplete data, and potential sample bias call for cautious interpretation of the presented analysis. Despite these, the study provides valuable insights into successful projects, emphasizing the need for scalability, knowledge transfer from innovative policies, and targeted policy-making for successful replication. The study concludes with a call for further development of the HiBERatlas (Historic Building Energy Retrofit atlas), an extensive resource for historic building renovation, expanding its database, collaborating with agencies, and tailoring guidance for stakeholders to foster energy retrofits in heritage buildings.

Mental health, ethnicity and the UK armed forces: Historical lessons for research and policy

BackgroundUK armed forces have recruited from other races and ethnicities at times of crisis. To meet diversity targets, they have also recruited indigenous groups of non-White British heritage. Considered at greater risk of mental health problems generally, these populations are likely to suffer more in combat and in transition to civilian life. Yet, there is little data on how they fare. MethodsA scoping review was conducted of peer-reviewed studies of psychological illnesses suffered by racial and ethnic minority soldiers from World War One to the present, together with research at the National Archives, Wellcome Trust Archives and the Imperial War Museum for unpublished studies. ResultsBritish commanders and psychiatrists argued that ‘martial races’ were protected against post-traumatic illnesses because of an innate resilience related to a rural heritage. Consequently, low morale and breakdown were interpreted as malingering to avoid combat. Indian troops received lower levels of psychiatric care than provided for British soldiers delivered with limited cultural understanding. Inferior terms and conditions were offered to Indian soldiers with lesser opportunities for promotion. These practices, established in both World Wars, continued for Gurkha and Commonwealth soldiers recruited to meet manpower and diversity targets. Disproportionate complaints of discrimination may explain why ethnic minority status is a risk factor for mental illness. ConclusionManagement patterns laid down during the Imperial era continue to influence current practice for ethnic minority service personnel. Yet, armed forces can play a positive role in fostering diversity and integration to provide protective factors against mental illness.

What’s in the Shadows? Formal Analysis: Art History Method to Improve Interpretation Skills for Mammography and Chest Radiographs in Resident Education

To assess the feasibility of using an art history tool of formal analysis in resident education for interpretations of mammography and chest radiographs METHODS: In a pre-post study design, residents were shown pre-selected 10 mammograms and 10 chest radiographs for a total of 20 unique anonymized patient cases. After the pretest, residents attended fourformal analysis art history lessons. The formal elements included line, light, dark, shade, proportion and balance. The post-tests were administered utilizing the same set of images given during the pre-test. After the completion of the pre- and post-tests, the participants filled out a written survey. On average, participants improved their image descriptions for a mean of 30% of the total number of mammographic images they evaluated, and similarly they improved their image diagnoses for a mean of 31% of the mammographic images. On average, participants improved their image descriptions for a mean of 37% of the total number of chest radiographs they evaluated, while improving their image diagnoses for a mean of 52% of the chest X-rays. Of the 20 participants, 14 (70%) completed the post study survey. Almost all of the respondents endorsed agreement in understanding the application of formal analysis to radiologic interpretation. Eight out of 14 (57%) participants self-reported improvement in identifying abnormalities and contriving descriptors. This pilot study shows that formal art analysis used by art historians may improve radiologic learners' ability to perceive and describe relevant radiologic abnormalities which in turn would lead to a more accurate radiologic differential diagnosis. The formal analysis process trains the eye to detect and categorize the underlying structure of images. This method provides an alternative arts intervention specifically designed to improve fundamental visual skills in radiology education.

A critical consideration of Foucault’s conceptualisation of morality

The background of this research is the status and significance of an ethics of care of the self in the history of morality. I followed the following methodology: I attempted to come to nuanced, critical understanding of the Foucault’s conceptualisation of morality in Volumes II and III of The History of Sexuality. In the ‘Ancients’, Foucault uncovered an ‘ethics-oriented’ as opposed to a ‘code-oriented’ morality in which the emphasis shifted to how an individual was supposed to constitute himself as an ethical subject of his own action without denying the importance of either the moral code or the actual behaviour of people. The main question was whether care of the self-sufficiently regulated an individual’s conduct towards others to prevent the self from lapsing into narcissism, substituting a generous responsiveness towards the other for a means-end rationale. I put this line of critique to test by confronting Foucault’s care of the self with Levinas’s primordial responsibility towards the other and put forward a case for the indispensability of aesthetics for ethics. In conclusion, I defended the claim that care of the self does indeed foster other responsiveness.Intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary implications: Foucault’s ethics, understood as an ‘aesthetics of existence’ has profound intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary implications, as it challenges traditional ethical normative ethical theories and engages with various fields of philosophy, social sciences and humanities. Interdisciplinary fields greatly influenced by Foucault’s ethics include: psychology, literary, cultural, gender and sexuality studies, medical ethics, anthropology and history, among others.

Analysis the Economic Recovery Strategies in China in the Post-Epidemic Era

The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia has seriously damaged the global economy. Blockades and quarantine measures have caused the country's production activities to almost halt, supply chain disruptions, business closures, and reduced employment. Globally, nations have implemented monetary easing and fiscal stimulus measures to boost their economies. However, these measures may lead to inflation and debt crises. The tense geopolitical situation has exacerbated the dilemma of global governance. This article takes the post pandemic era as a research perspective and focuses on discussing complex economic measures. Taking the application strategies of countries during the Great Depression as an example, this study explores the relevant policies for China's economic recovery in the post pandemic era. The research results indicate that addressing economic recession requires a thoughtful combination of historical lessons and innovative solutions unique to contemporary challenges. The research results of this article have important practical significance for future economic development.

Arctic Regional Governance: Actors and Transformations

This thematic issue analyzes recent and ongoing changes in Arctic regional governance in new geopolitical, security, and socio-economic contexts. It places current challenges in the Arctic within a historical context, aspiring to identify solutions, and enhances our understanding of modern processes. It presents three perspectives on Arctic regional governance: the first focuses on the challenges to Arctic environmental governance (marine living resources and Arctic seals); the second looks at the role of large nation-states, such as Russia and China, in Arctic regional governance; and the third one analyses the challenges posed to Indigenous people—in Russia, Finland, and Canada. Many overlapping themes are developed in the articles: historical lessons (e.g., from the Cold War period), challenges to the inclusiveness of environmental governance, and the role of cross-border diffusion and learning. New challenges to Arctic regional governance in the context of the war in Ukraine affect environmental governance, international scientific collaboration, and the lives of Indigenous people. Yet we know little about the depth of these recent transformations. This thematic issue aims to fill in at least some of the outlined gaps.

The Structural-Genetic Theory Program as the Fundamental Theory Both of History and of Social Sciences and Humanities

The structural-genetic theory program is an off-spring of Piagetian theory. It has accomplished the task that Piaget had intended to carry out but did not seriously. He wanted to study children to understand better history of mind, science, philosophy, and culture. The new program has shown that world history of culture, society, politics, law, morals, science, philosophy, religion, and arts has gone through the same stages that are known from developmental psychology. Accordingly, psychogenetic advancements have shaped the historical trajectories of these collective systems or societal phenomena. The application of developmental psychology to history sheds also a new light on the rise of modern, industrial society, thus dwarfing competing materialistic, institutional, and economic approaches. It is held that the new program inherits positions provided by Elias, Weber, Wundt, Cassirer, and other classical authors. It cannot only rebuild single humanities and social sciences but can also unify them under one common roof, breaking apart borders previously separating them from each other.1