Historical Scholarship Research Articles

Video Game Development as Public History

Public historians have recently directed significant attention toward video games as a media form for engaging diverse audiences with participatory historical representations and arguments. Yet despite the availability of easy-to-use game creation tools, historians have been slow to adopt game development. I developed a video game, Ab Uno Sanguine, based on my PhD research to assess the practicality of game design as a venue for public history practice. This article reflects on my experiences in historical game development along the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) process of game production. This paper connects game studies, historical game studies, and digital public history scholarship to demonstrate how historians can become historian-developers to disseminate their research without a large budget or a professional game design team.

Reading against Reform: The Bristol Library Society and the Intellectual Culture of Bristol's Elections in 1812*

AbstractThis article pioneers a new methodological approach to the study of electoral politics by combining an analysis of the politics of reading, library association and the reading habits of electors in an English urban constituency in the early 19th century. By integrating an examination of reading practices and intellectual context into our analysis of electoral contests, political history scholars can go further in their examination of the unreformed electoral system and attempt to gauge the motivations behind voting habits and partisan identification in this period. Using electoral voting data and the records of an urban subscription library, this article explores the interrelation between the Bristol Library Society and Bristol's electoral politics, as well as conducting an analysis of which books were being borrowed and read by electors in a politically tumultuous year. Although few in number compared with the total size of Bristol's electorate, Bristol Library members were among some of the most politically and culturally influential individuals in Bristol society and were active participants in electoral contests in the city, either as candidates, campaigners, civic officials or voters. An analysis of their voting habits reveals that the library's membership reflected the Tory political hegemony that became pronounced in the city's civic politics. Moreover, an analysis of their reading habits in 1812 reveals an interest in political texts that were conservative and anti‐Gallic in tone, that were representative of the political climate in Bristol in 1812, and which contributed to the defeat of candidates for reform in its electoral contests.

Enhancing historical consciousness in history education through integrating STEM approach and historical thinking skill

The research explores the potential of incorporating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education approach and critical thinking to enhance historical consciousness. The study employs an ex post facto quantitative method, specifically a correlational design to analyse the variables. The research population comprises 425 students from diverse backgrounds in Banten Province schools that have implemented the STEM approach. A sample size of 202 students is determined using a predefined error rate. Data collection involves tests and questionnaires assessing historical thinking skills, STEM approaches, and historical consciousness. Statistical analysis, including partial and simultaneous multiple correlation tests, reveals a significant and very strong positive relationship between STEM approach, historical thinking skills, and historical consciousness. This suggests that the interplay of these factors enhances history learning and encourages a deeper understanding of historical events, promoting critical thinking, and historical consciousness. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating STEM methodologies into history education to provide students with a holistic understanding of historical events and their societal implications. Such an approach bridges the gap between STEM and history, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and promoting informed and empathetic citizens. Future research should explore diverse samples, employ qualitative methods, and investigate curriculum designs and teaching strategies that effectively integrate STEM and history education.

QUIZZZ MEDIA AS AN ASSESSMENT FOR HISTORY LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Current history learning, in general, still uses a conventional approach with students learning in class through lectures, questions and answers, and assignments. Traditional history learning results in students only working procedurally and understanding history without reasoning, which tends towards behavioral and structuralist psychology and places more emphasis on memorization and practice. This approach uses a qualitative approach with descriptive data. In discussing the problem in this article, the author uses a type of library research. Teachers can take advantage of advances in information technology by using learning media. Quizizz is one of the media innovations in history learning assessment activities. Digital media as a learning assessment has experienced significant development. Digital media offers various educational innovations that replace rigid and monotonous conventional learning and assessment, which will be replaced with learning that is considered more practical, flexible, and not limited by space and time using digital media. Quizizz can be a good and fun assessment of history learning while maintaining the essence of ongoing learning. This assessment can involve active student participation from the start. Apart from that, the demands in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 have changed various sectors of life, including the education sector, which needs to be reoriented to determine the direction of education policy to answer the challenges of Industrial Revolution 4.0.

General Soedirman: History Learning Media Based on Digital Comics

Purpose of the study: This research aims to address the low student interest and engagement in the history learning subjects of General Soedirman’s Guerrilla War by developing a digital comic-based history learning media and examining its effectiveness in enhancing the student learning motivation and achievement.
 Methodology: The research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method adapted from the ADDIE development design. The research subjects are 20 students in senior high school in Surakarta and Pakistan. The data collection technique is a test.
 Main Findings: The research data shows that the digital comic-based history learning media of General Soedirman’s Guerrilla War is effective and suitable for use. The validation by material experts shows that the learning media material has a very good quality with an average score of 89.6%. The media validation results show that the learning media is very good and suitable for application in the learning process with an average score of 84.6%. The results of the One-to-one Test, Small Group Test, and Field Test show that the learning media can improve the student learning motivation and achievement with an average score of 71.4%, 74.2%, and 78.8%, respectively, exceeding the expected outcome of 70%.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The research novelty to develop a digital comic-based history learning media of General Soedirman’s Guerrilla War, which is a significant historical event in Indonesia. The research has implications for the improvement of the history curriculum and the student learning interest and engagement in history subjects.”

Implementasi Merdeka Belajar Melalui Pusat Informasi Megalitikum Bondowoso (PIMB) sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran Sejarah

The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of independent learning through the Bondowoso Megalithic Information Centre (PIMB) as a history learning resource. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection using interviewers and observation. The results showed that the implementation of independent learning carried out by high schools in Bondowoso Regency in history subjects had fulfilled all elements of independent learning. The elements are teacher (educators), Students (learners), learning places, leaders, learning program and coordinastion. In addition, all learning activities that have been carried out are able to achieve the objectives of independent learning, namely stimulating the way students learn from fun media in the PIMB museum, honing students' creativity to be more sensitive to various objects seen, getting a new atmosphere and being able to coordinate with each other between group members in completing the assigned tasks, producing student output with superior quality, namely not only memorising subject matter but also having sharp analytical skills, reasoning and comprehensive understanding.

The Impact of Chatbot Technology on Enhancing Historical Learning in K-12 Education

This paper discusses the integration of chatbot technology into K-12 education has ushered in a transformative era of historical learning. This innovative approach fosters engagement, personalized guidance, and interactive exploration of historical subjects, revolutionizing the way students absorb and retain historical knowledge. By offering real-time responses to queries, tailoring content to individual learning styles, and simulating immersive historical experiences, chatbots empower educators to create dynamic and inclusive learning environments. The impact of chatbot technology on K-12 historical education is a testament to its potential in nurturing a deeper understanding and appreciation of the past, paving the way for more informed and culturally literate citizens of the future.

Politics and Census in Nigeria: Challenges and the Way Forward

Population is very vital to the government for nation building of a country especially, Nigeria. Nigeria’s population has been contentious and politicized since colonial times. Census statistics embodies an essential database prerequisite for measuring the physical and social well-being of a nation’s population. Hence, for any country to realize its development potentials, it requires a comprehensive population database support to guide its socio-economic programs, planning and implementation. The fusses in Nigeria census steered the cancellation of the 1962 general population census which was repeated in 1963.The Population of an area is considered a political weapon, a condition desiderata for provision of amenities, infrastructure and in fact, guides wealth allocations and fiscal planning. Regrettably, Nigeria is yet to produce an acceptable and satisfactory demographic data for infrastructural development and nation building. Scholars of Nigerian history appear not to have paid adequate attention to nation building in Nigeria as a result of inaccurate population database. Hence, it is a perception of issues of politics and population census this paper tend to address. Qualitative research methodology was adopted for effective analyses. The paper concluded that inherent contemporary issues have continued to defeat the main aim of population census as an instrument for strategic planning and sustainable development. Lack of accurate census figures has contributed to Nigeria’s policy summersault and under development. It is unfortunate that in this 21st century Nigeria still does not have effective and reliable census data due to the fact that politicization, Falsification of population census result, religion rivalry, ethnicity stimulation and fluctuation of period of conducting census serves as a controlling force against accuracy of population census figures.

Peranan Media Audio Visual dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Sejarah Siswa Kelas XI MA NU Asy’ariyyah Pati

A learning process that takes place in an expository and conventional manner will make students passive and less likely to master the material presented because the class atmosphere is boring. With that, we need learning media to help achieve learning goals. The aim of this research is to improve student achievement by utilizing audio-visual learning media. The subjects of this research were class XI B students at MA NU Asy'ariyyah Pati. This research uses the type of research, namely PTK or Classroom Action Research and direct observation as data collection techniques. This research cycle consists of 4 stages which include; The Planning Stage, the Acting Stage, the Observing Stage and finally the Reflection Stage. The results of the research show that the use of Audio Visual Learning Media in the History subject, the theme of the Proclamation of Independence, material on the Defeat of Japan, Towards the Proclamation of Independence and the Moments of the Proclamation for class XI B MA NU Asy'ariyyah Pati has proven to be effective in improving the results of students' history learning, so it can be an alternative problem solving to overcome the problem of passivity and low student learning achievement. The increase in learning achievement, namely the KKM score before Classroom Action Research, was 33%, and there was an increase to 100%. The lowest score achieved by students in this cycle is 70 and the highest is 100

Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Mini Book Berdasarkan Kronologi pada Materi Asal Usul Nenek Moyang Indonesia untuk SMA

In the world of education, a teacher is able to know the feasibility and practicality of teaching materials in which there is learning material. So that the material delivered to students can be received properly. Teachers are also asked to be more creative in delivering material, one way is the existence of additional media as teaching materials, namely Mini Book. With the Mini Book, it can make it easier for teachers to deliver material. The advantages of this Mini Book can help students to think chronologically in historical material, this teaching material media can help students in sorting time and knowing historical events according to facts. In the purpose of this research process is to find out the needs analysis of Mini Book development as a support for historical learning media in high school, which is in accordance with the independent curriculum. In conducting the research process, is very necassary to know what methods to use. One of them uses tallyhe research and development method or what cam be called (R&D) which uses the ADDIE model. However, in this research stage, it is only carried out limited to the needs analysis stage, which at this stage of the process the researcher uses data collection techniques in the form of observation and questionnaire filling. Therefore, the results of this stage can be seen in three ways, namely: (1) Describing the needs of students, which requires innovative media that can make it easier for students to understand the material. (2) Analyzing what is needed by the teacher, one of which is that the teacher needs supporting media that can facilitate the delivery of material practically. (3) Studying teaching materials that are in accordance with the independent curriculum.

Relevansi Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Kirab Sesaji di Desa Wonosari Gunung Kawi pada Pembelajaran Sejarah Kurikulum merdeka

One thing that is no less important in studying history is preserving local wisdom so that future generations will know regional culture and develop positive attitudes that are reflected in these cultural traditions. Problems that can arise as a result of developments in increasingly modern times are generations of people who ignore local wisdom and this results in the erosion of the values ​​contained in local wisdom traditions. Therefore, the Independent Curriculum is present in history learning by creating new content, namely the integration of material regarding local wisdom. Kirab Sesaji is one of the local wisdoms in Wonosari Village, Gunung Kawi and contains many local wisdom values. The purpose of writing this research is to (1.) Outline the local wisdom content of history learning in the Merdeka Curriculum; (2). Explain the meaning of Kirab Sesaji tradition, and; (3). Find out the relevance of the local wisdom values ​​of the Carnival of Offerings in the history learning of the Merdeka Curriculum. The research method used is a qualitative method with literature studies and interviews. The data collected came from primary sources, namely oral interviews with the resource person Suwito as the head of Wonosari village, and secondary sources using literature studies such as exploration of journals, books and other library sources to support writing. The results of the research concluded that Kirab Sesaji contains local wisdom values ​​in the form of religious values, cultural values, social values ​​and educational values ​​that are relevant to the profile of Pancasila students studying history in the Merdeka Curriculum. The traditions and values ​​of Local Wisdom contained in the Kirab Sesaji also have relevance to the history learning phase E class X regarding the material coverage of the Islamic Kingdom in Indonesia.

Pembelajaran Sejarah Melalui Latihan Soal Pilihan Ganda Untuk SMA Di Kota Lubuklinggau

History opens a window to the past to welcome the future, learning history will help to know and understand how the history of the past and also the people associated with these events. Studying history not only aims to know important events or events in the past but also teaches various forms of experience that occur both success and failure. Every human being needs education and knowledge because it is for human development itself. Through education, humans not only get teaching about special skills but also something deeper, namely science. In the world of education through learning, students gain knowledge and learn what is obtained through learning. Each student will pass the evaluation stage. The evaluation is given after students have gone through several learning and understanding processes and then given questions, both essays and multiple choice questions, in order to help the learning process in the classroom. To maximize the use of multiple choice as a learning tool, students can choose it with consideration in the answer choices that have been determined. Teachers give assignments to students to work on multiple choice questions in two ways, the first is to solve multiple choice questions, when given an assignment during class hours to submit it to the teacher when the subject is finished. Alternatively, the teacher can give the students an assignment or homework and collect it during the next meeting. Research shows that teachers prefer the use of multiple choice questions, not only because of administration, time saving and simplicity but also because they are objective and consistent. Furthermore, students based on the results of the study prefer giving multiple choice questions because they can eliminate answer errors and the questions on multiple choice questions are more objective than others. In addition, with the multiple choice question method students can actively participate in the learning process.

The reflective positioning of Japanese EFL students in the negotiation of their own emergent bilingual identities

ABSTRACT Although the emergent bilingual status of foreign language (FL) students is often overlooked, that is not to say that students do not, on some level of consciousness, experience changes in their identity as a result of their emergent bilingualism. The continuous process of identity (re)negotiation, that is, the reorganising of one’s subject position in relation to contextualised linguistic and social factors, has a significant impact on FL students. The present study takes a multi-theoretical approach to investigate the factors involved in the negotiation of Japanese EFL students’ emergent bilingual identities through the use of a questionnaire. The results show that the majority of the participants perceived some level of change in their identity, unrelated to any specific determinants. Furthermore, those with longer EFL learning histories, higher proficiency levels, or those majoring in globally-minded studies were more likely to feel they belong to English-speaking (imagined) communities.

Transformation Model of History Learning in Increasing Student Competency

Since Islamic boarding school-based madrasas maintain books as a source of history learning, teachers face serious challenges, form students' critical and chronological thinking skills through book study. This encourages a transformation of history learning, which has been taking place traditionally. This study aims to explore and describe book-based history teaching and learning to improve student competence. This research is qualitative, using a case study type. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation and documentation. Data is analyzed using relevant theories or previous research findings. Data validity is carried out by extending observations. This study found that book-based history learning was transformed by formulating personal-social goals without ignoring transformative goals, emphasizing a chronological approach in education, and developing CRI (Constructed Response Items) model evaluation questions. Book-based learning activities are different from using modern textbooks. Teachers' creative and innovative efforts are needed to realise learning objectives in madrasas through book learning. Apart from mastering the content, the national curriculum is also directed at developing critical, creative, communicative, collaborative and literacy skills.

Democracy and planetary politics: Achille Mbembe and futures of digital citizenship education for life

ABSTRACT Building on critical, performative, and emancipatory visions for digital citizenship education, this paper analyzes social media within systems of global capitalism in a time of climate crisis, which not only introduce opaquely complex agencies but shape relations on a planetary scale. To reconceptualize digital citizenship education in a computational age, with consideration for just relations and the future health of the planet, this paper draws on the work of African philosopher Achille Mbembe, who articulates how plasticity among human and non-human agencies is being used within capitalist systems to take power over the living – a power that is shaped by colonial hierarchies. In place of individualism, Mbembe’s philosophy emphasizes the need for collective action to repair harms and work across differences towards protection and sharing of what we have in-common. Connecting his thinking to digital citizenship, there is potential for education to support decolonial disenclosure of social media’s capitalist capture and engage in deep historical learning towards the replacement of exclusionary, necropolitical forces with care and communing in support of life. This paper offers possibilities and provocations for digital citizenship education, inviting readers to respond in their own contexts in ways that consider our planetary relations.

Application of Video Games as Part of Learning Islamic History

Teaching Islamic history is generally considered boring because most of the learning methods focus on storytelling. For this reason, other creative efforts are needed to make learning history enjoyable. One way is to apply video games in learning Islamic history. This is especially considering that video games apparently have a participatory dimension in learning Islamic history. This article then aims to present how video games are applied in learning Islamic history, especially conceptually considering that not many practices have been carried out systematically. This article was prepared using a qualitative approach supported by data collection methods in the form of literature studies. From the results of this study, it was found that video games can be applied in learning Islamic history if seen from their role as a medium for transferring information and values. Substantially, the form of application can be by choosing a video game as well as the game's tools and themes and then involving a mentor who directs and accompanies students to learn Islamic history well.

Backbone of Latin America: recent developments and new directions in anthropometric history

This article examines scholarship in the anthropometric history of Latin America, published after the last survey in 2016. The field has grown in diverse senses: there are studies for countries that had not been studied before, such as Bolivia, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad, and the scholarship covers broader periods and in more detail for those countries that were first studied such as Argentina, Colombia, Mexico and especially Chile. New methodologies are used to examine height data and its determinants beyond the traditional realm of anthropometric history, such as gender dimorphism, nutrition, and Technophysio evolution. The approach has also led to assessing the effects of immigration and violence on living stan- dards. This growing scholarship contributes to deepening our understanding of the region’s socioeconomic aspects of stature, inequality, and welfare. More historical analysis would help to further our knowledge of the context in which these processes evolved in different periods for different countries. The field can expand and be part of debates on these topics beyond Latin America in many ways.

Backbone of Latin America: recent developments and new directions in anthropometric history

This article examines scholarship in the anthropometric history of Latin America, published after the last survey in 2016. The field has grown in diverse senses: there are studies for countries that had not been studied before, such as Bolivia, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad, and the scholarship covers broader periods and in more detail for those countries that were first studied such as Argentina, Colombia, Mexico and especially Chile. New methodologies are used to examine height data and its determinants beyond the traditional realm of anthropometric history, such as gender dimorphism, nutrition, and Technophysio evolution. The approach has also led to assessing the effects of immigration and violence on living stan- dards. This growing scholarship contributes to deepening our understanding of the region’s socioeconomic aspects of stature, inequality, and welfare. More historical analysis would help to further our knowledge of the context in which these processes evolved in different periods for different countries. The field can expand and be part of debates on these topics beyond Latin America in many ways.

Predicting Penicillin Allergy: A United States Multicenter Retrospective Study

BackgroundUsing the reaction history in logistic regression and machine learning (ML) models to predict penicillin allergy has been reported based on non-United States (US) data. ObjectiveWe developed ML positive penicillin allergy testing prediction models from multi-site US data. MethodsRetrospective data from four US-based hospitals were grouped into four datasets: enriched training (1:3 case-control matched cohort), enriched testing, non-enriched internal testing, and non-enriched external testing. ML algorithms were used for model development. We determined area under the curve (AUC) and applied the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework to interpret risk drivers. ResultsOf 4,777 patients (mean age 60 [SD 17], 68% women, 91% White, 86% non-Hispanic) evaluated for penicillin allergy labels, 513 (11%) had positive penicillin allergy testing. Model input variables were frequently missing: immediate or delayed onset (71%), signs or symptoms (13%), and treatment (31%). The gradient boosted model was the strongest model with an AUC of 0.67 (95%CI 0.57-0.77), which improved to 0.87 (95%CI 0.73-1) when only cases with complete data were used. Top SHAP drivers for positive testing were reactions within the last year and reactions requiring medical attention; female sex and reaction of hives/urticaria were also positive drivers. ConclusionA ML prediction model for positive penicillin allergy skin testing using US-based retrospective data did not achieve performance strong enough for acceptance and adoption. The optimal ML prediction model for positive penicillin allergy testing was driven by time since reaction, seek medical attention, female sex, and hives/urticaria.

Historian A.S. Shofman and His Academic Environment

The article deals with the problem of academic environment evolution in which an antiquity historian, A.S. Shofman (1913–1993) conducted his research and taught students in different periods of his life. The author shows that Shofman’s personal qualities, such as determination, ability to work in any external conditions, considerate and, at the same time, demanding attitude to his students and colleagues, sense of humor, irony, self-deprecation, and others played an important role in his development as a scholar. It is also pointed out that fate often brought him to teachers and colleagues who facilitated his success. Different spheres of his scientific communication are studied: prominent scholars of Ancient History and Philology – his teachers at Leningrad State University; international scientific contacts with his colleagues from Macedonia and Serbia, which used to be the part of Yugoslavia, from Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia. His relationship with Russian historians and philologists from Moscow, Leningrad, Voronezh, Tomsk and Belorussian scholars from Minsk were also discussed as well as academic environment at Kazan State University, especially at the Department of World History which A.S. Shofman headed for several decades. The article reveals the influence of his scientific surroundings on his development as a scholar and on themes of his research. A.S. Shofman, in his turn, shaped the mode of activity of the Department he headed and set up a scientific school in Kazan State University well-known in the country