PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黄土丘陵沟壑区景观格局演变特征——以陕西省延安市为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201310202531 作者: 作者单位: 北京师范大学资源学院 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京师范大学资源学院 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京师范大学资源学院 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金( 41171069,41171156) Analysis of landscape pattern evolution characteristic in the hilly and gully area of loess plateau:a case study in Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以陕西省延安市1985年、2000年和2008年三期1:25万景观单元类型图,1:5万地形图等生成的数字高程模型(DEM)为数据源,基于ArcGIS 9.3软件,采用多距离空间聚类、景观单元类型转移矩阵、空间数据叠加分析等方法分析了延安市景观格局的演变特征。结果表明:延安市的景观是由林地、灌木、草地和农田等基本景观单元构成的复合景观;研究期间农地面积急剧减少,流失的农地主要转变为林地、草地、灌木和聚落,除农地和裸地外,其他景观单元类型面积均有不同程度的增加;1985-2008年,林地、灌木和草地聚集的最大尺度减小,而农田聚集的最大尺度变大,农田和草地的空间聚集强度明显小于林地和灌木;延安市主要景观单元类型演变主要发生在海拔1100-1500 m之间的区域和坡度范围7-21°之间的区域,但农田向聚落的演变主要发生在海拔较低(900-1300 m)、坡度较缓(< 7°)的平川缓丘地带。1999年之前,经济的迅速发展是延安市景观格局演变的主要驱动因素;而1999年之后,国家推行的退耕还林(还草)等一系列生态重建措施成为延安市景观格局变化的主要驱动因素。 Abstract:Landscape pattern is the arrangement of landscape embedded blocks of different sizes and shapes. Landscape pattern changes result from complex interactions of physical, biological and social forces. Human land use has influenced most landscapes, resulting in a landscape mosaic of natural and human-managed patches that vary in size, shape and arrangement. The quantitative analysis of landscape pattern is the fundamental of researching the mutual relations of landscape patterns and ecological processes. Loess Plateau is one of the world's largest loess areas with a long history of human activities, and the natural environment is fragile. Research on Landscape pattern evolution in the hilly and gully area of Loess Plateau has long been a research hotspot. The analysis of landscape pattern changes in Loess Plateau has a crucial role in understanding the structure and changes of the ecosystem. This study analyzed the evolution characteristic of landscape pattern and the spatial differentiation of main evolution types in Yan'an City based on landscape ecology theory, using GIS technology. 1:250000 landscape type maps in 1985, 2000 and 2008 and digital elevation model (DEM) of Yan'an City are used in this research. Considering the local characteristics and referring to domestic and foreign land use classification system, Yan'an City landscape types are divided into seven categories, namely woodland, bush, grassland, farmland, settlements, water and bare ground. Different methods such as Multi-Distance Spatial Cluster, landscape transition matrix, spatial data overlay analysis, were used in this research. The primary conclusions were as follows: the landscape background of Yan'an City is a composite landscape matrix consisting of woodland, bush, grassland and farmland. The area of farmland decreased sharply during the study period. The reduced farmland mainly transformed into forest land, grassland, bush and settlements. Other landscape types except farmland and bare land are increased at different degrees. The maximum aggregation scale of woodland, bush and grassland decreased from 1985 to 2008, while that of farmland became larger. The spatial aggregation intensity of farmland and grassland was significantly less than that of woodland and bush. The evolution of main landscape types mostly occurred at altitudes between 1100 m and 1500 m, and the gradient of slope was varied in the range from 7° to 21°. The evolution of farmland to settlement occurred mainly at altitudes between 900 m and 1300 m, and the slope was less than 7°. Yan'an City is located in Loess Plateau which is the most serious area of soil erosion in China. Therefore, the government has adopted a series of comprehensive measures to achieve the aim of effective control of soil erosion. Returning farmland to forest, re-building sloping land into level terrace and strengthening the construction of "Three North" shelterbelt are all in their implementation. Yan'an City is the political, economic and cultural center in Northern Shaanxi. The rapid socio-economic development was the main reason for the landscape patterns' evolution before 1999; while after 1999, these measures of controlling soil erosion exceed the rapid socio-economic development, which became the main factors affecting landscape pattern evolution in Yan'an City. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献