Historical Genesis Research Articles

La giustizia sportiva e le riforme CONI che hanno inciso sul processo disciplinare sportivo. La nuova fisionomia della Procura federale

The article reviews the historical genesis of C.O.N.I. and the Sports Federations’ role and prerogatives outlined by the national legislator. Then, it illustrates the reforms that have affected the sports justice system and, especially, the federal prosecutor’s office, to identify the ratio of the current sports disciplinary proceedings’ physiognomy. The depicted historical and regulatory excursus shows an evolutionary framework, in which CONI, the FIGC, and certainly for what concerns the competence of the state legislator, have been (and are) protagonists, and proves how the profound metamorphosis of the domestic justice sector, just like the great reforms of the general legal system, has started following and due to phenomena occurred in the sports world’s social and historical fabric, which has determined the need for change, progressively translated into the politicization of the new rules in the sector’s system.

Part II: Beyond Broken Histories: Reframing Professional Identity and the Historical Genesis of Manual Therapy. Interviews across professions

ABSTRACT Background Perspectives on the historical genesis of manual therapy for chiropractic, manual medicine, osteopathy, and physiotherapy are limited. Objective This study sought to identify themes and narratives related to the genesis of manual therapy; the potential of a common root for manual therapy in 19th century Northern Europe; and the potential impact of a current ‘broken history’ for manual therapy. Methods An exploratory phenomenological approach was utilized, based upon structured one-hour interviews of 21 professionals across four professions who had previously completed a survey on the historical genesis of manual therapy. Results Descriptive and hermeneutic themes were developed based upon the lived experience of individuals relating to interview questions and a presented historical narrative. Support for a common genesis in Northern Europe was present within physiotherapists, but for all other professions North America was primary. Multiple themes and quotes of significance were developed from the study, including the importance of history within professional identity. An archetypal analysis was completed to answer specific assumptions related to the historical genesis of manual therapy including points of genesis for manual therapy and scientific necessity within manual therapy. Conclusion The findings of this study provide new perspectives to consider on the value, criticality, and impact of manual therapy, and its history’s for the four professions in practice, education, and regulations.

“Islam” and “Muslimisme” in the official discourse and categorical apparatus of the French authorities in the 1920s

Throughout history, France and the Muslim world have been connected in various ways. Their interactions have ranged from constructive collaboration to colonial (or semi-colonial) domination and mutual animosity. In this article, the author seeks to examine the nuances of the discursive mobilisation and contextualisation of terms such as “Islam” and “Muslimisme” within the public and secret documents of French diplomacy and colonial administration during the 1920s. He attempts to address the following questions: What was the terminological and semantic conflict surrounding the aforementioned concepts? What were the objectives of the French officials in articulating one or another aspect of “Islam” and “Muslimisme”? Contemporary neocolonialism and a necessity to study its historical genesis and forms determine relevance of the article. The author makes use of insufficiently researched archival and published material. This, in conjunction with the nature of the research question, provides the rationale behind the originality of the analysis presented in the essay. He employs the methodology of the “history of concepts” and comparative-historical analysis to examine the intricate interrelationship between the discursive mobilisation of “Islam” and “Muslimisme”, on the one hand, and the practical policies of Paris, on the other. The author draws on a range of sources to inform his analysis, including French diplomatic documents, the notes and reports of Marshal Hubert Lyautey, books and pamphlets by various French experts and public figures, and material from the French and Algerian press. He concludes that the semantic colouring of “Islam” and “Muslimisme” in the French official discourse of the 1920s was not homogeneous. This perception included a sense of superiority close to Orientalism, a perception of the backwardness of “Islamic civilization” and its incompatibility with the Western socio-political order, and a perception of “Islam” as a potential danger, especially if it was combined with other religious (pan-Islamism) and/or socio-political challenges (pan-Turkism, Bolshevism). Concurrently, the Third Republic’s authorities frequently regarded Islam as a means of securing Muslim allegiance and enhancing France’s “soft power”.

A paradigm shift in international security as a consequence of the Russia-Ukraine war

This article presents the main features of the historical genesis of the international security paradigm shift from its institutionalisation to the present day. It is shown that such genesis is sinusoidal in nature and related to the well-known 'Kondratiev waves', except that, unlike the latter, it is not economic in nature, but security in nature. In a historical and geopolitical context, five successive shifts in the international security paradigm (Pre-Systemic, Westphalian, Vienna, Versailles, Yalta-Potsdam, Unipolar) are distinguished as a normatively recognised system of international relations of war and peace, based on all countries' adherence to universally recognised principles and norms of international law, as enshrined in relevant international treaties. The main factors of the end of the era of the unipolar world and the growing role of 'fragile' states in the international security environment as potential objects of international military interventions and spaces for the deployment of local conflicts and wars were characterised. It was concluded that the war in Ukraine is a key trigger for a new paradigm shift in international security and the emergence of a new system of international relations, and that the outcome of the Russian-Ukrainian war will determine the 'starting positions' and strong arguments in the hands of the United States of America and its allies against China and its allies during the inevitable new global security conference on the creation of a new world order.

Displaced person(s): the production of a powerful political category

ABSTRACT Recent migration research suggests using “displaced persons” as a broader, more inclusive term than “refugees”, affording us an opportunity to recall the historical genesis and transformation of the concept of “displaced persons”. The concept emerged in the 1940s in the context of the control of forced migration. This article traces the evolution of the term “displaced person”, arguing it was created as a “category of action” for bureaucratic and political purposes, rather than to describe social realities. Understanding this historical context reveals more broadly how such categories have always been tools for political control, underscoring the need for reflexivity in migration studies.

Science, Life, and Art in Nietzsche’s Notes for ‘We Philologists’

The study retraces Nietzsche’s 1875 notes for the planned but never published Unfashionable Observation, We Philologists, through a specific focus on the topics of science, life and art in their close and seldom discussed interrelation. The questions that the investigation addresses are: what is the significance of Nietzsche’s problematisation of science in We Philologists for our interpretation of the topic in his later works? How should we interpret these notebooks in relation to his previous writings, on the one hand, and to his later treatment of themes like the deconstruction of Christianity, the critique of eudemonism or the historical genesis of the genius on the other? Framing the notebooks as unwittingly experimental precursors of Nietzsche’s aphoristic books, the article interprets the unique nuance of the notes as an opportunity to start shedding a different light on the discussion of these questions in Nietzsche’s later works. Science, life and art become thus the focal points of a more specific and circumscribed analysis of his early thought – reconnecting these topics to their tangible origins, and tracking their early development in the context of Nietzsche’s acclaimed switch from philology to philosophy and cultural criticism.

Federalism

The aim of this paper is to engage in a meticulous examination of Federalism as it manifests in the concrete socio-political landscapes of the United States, Brazil, and Germany, juxtaposed against its theoretical conceptual framework. To embark on such an ambitious endeavor, it is incumbent upon us to elucidate Federalism's etiological roots, multifaceted complexities, and operational mechanisms. In the course of this scrutiny, we shall assert that Federalism, despite the empirical heterogeneities that inherently characterize it, emerges as an indispensable paradigm for contemplating issues of pluralism, the devolution of authority, and the nurturing of regional identities. The corpus of this work is structured into five distinct segments: the first section is an exposition on the historical genesis of Federalism in the United States; the subsequent segment turns its focus to the conceptual underpinnings and philosophical provenance of Federalism; the third segment encompasses a detailed survey of Brazilian Federalism, sketching a historical trajectory that spans from the proclamation of the Republic to the post-military regime redemocratization; the fourth segment is consecrated to an analysis of the German model of Federalism. In our concluding remarks, we shall accentuate the intrinsic virtues of Federalism, extolling its capacity to expedite localized policy-making and administrative governance, safeguard regional and minority identities, and stymie the ascent of autocratic and dictatorial regimes. The first, third, and fourth sections engage in a jus-historical and philosophical inquiry, while the second and the ultimate sections tackle the normative-conceptual dimension and our interpretative exegeses, respectively.

On the issue of the concept of public sculpture in urban space

The subject of the study is the phenomenon of public sculpture. This topic is very relevant, as public sculpture causes extensive controversy, which involves sculptors, architects, urbanists, representatives of public organizations. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the place of public sculpture in the contours of the artistic and associative landscape of a modern city. The research methodology includes historical, cultural and cross-cultural analysis, a dialectical approach to assessing the trajectories of the aesthetics of public sculpture, as well as a conceptual analysis of the phenomenon of public sculpture in modern public, including urban, spaces. As a result of the research, the historical genesis of the phenomenon of public sculpture was presented, the place of public sculpture in the postmodern paradigm was characterized, attention was paid to the problems of low performance quality, inappropriate installation sites in public urban space and the creation of visual noise. Refined scientific definitions of the concepts of social and public sculpture are proposed. I'd like to emphasize the importance of researching and defining the concepts of public and urban sculpture, as well as the need to develop methodological approaches for the management and evaluation of public sculpture. This article proposes an adaptation of the concept of an artistic and associative city landscape, which allows public sculpture to harmoniously fit into the urban environment. The use of a methodological approach will allow us to manage creative activity in this area and make the right decisions regarding the ordering, financing and placement of public sculpture in public spaces of cities.

Graffiti. The art of disobedience

The flourishing of graffiti culture in modern cities is a multidimensional phenomenon with a complex socio-cultural, artistic and historical genesis. This article attempts to contrast an analysis of the graffiti phenomenon as an organic element of the urban environment with a point of view of mere art history, and to examine the visual narrative of graffiti through the prism of urban poetics in the context of urban everyday life and social communication practices.

The radical left in the European Parliament

The article presents a feature of the communist movement in Europe following the collapse of the Soviet model of socialism at the end of the 20th century. The primary focus is given to the radical left parties represented in the European Parliament. In this context, the historical genesis of the establishment and functioning of the European parliamentary political group, the Confederal Group of the European United Left/Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL), is analyzed and characterized. Within the European Parliament, this political group serves as an important unifying element for political parties with socialist and communist orientations. The scope of activity of this political group determines the main values of the European radical left, which can be considered as one of the alternatives to neoliberalism and social democracy.

Периодизация социокультурного генезиса российского частного школьного образования (XI век – 20-е годы XXI века)

The study aims to present the periodization of the sociocultural genesis of private school education in Russia as an integrated process, combining historical and modern periods. The article addresses the comprehensive sociocultural study of the processes of historical genesis and modern development of the Russian non-state school as a pedagogical phenomenon to propose the periodization of its evolution. The scientific novelty lies in: the systematization of the historical and modern processes of private school education development, presented in the form of periodization, with the key sociocultural factor of influence, taken as its criterion; creating a holistic representation of the Russian private school genesis by combining in the proposed periodization all the sociocultural stages of its formation and development, starting from its inception in the 11th century and including the current period of its development; identifying the pedagogical specifics of the modern period of private schools development based on a theoretical analysis of the latest scientific and pedagogical publications devoted to their educational activities; introducing new information into the scientific discourse of pedagogical research, reflecting the analytics and statistics of modern private school education. As a result of the study, according to the major factor of sociocultural influence specified in the research, five periods of historical and pedagogical development of the Russian private school were defined, with all the stages of its historical genesis and modern development covered. The author has concluded that the complex socio-cultural influence of the society and state is the major factor determining the private school evolution and its pedagogical specifics in the modern period.

The everyday life of a security project: the “Security Union” in the EU’s “engine room”

ABSTRACT Since 2015, the European Commission has sought to highlight the EU’s promise of protection by introducing the idea of a “Security Union”. This article examines how officials and bureaucrats within the European Commission make sense of this project. So far, the few explicit studies on the Security Union focus on its historical genesis and formal policy outputs and tend to view it as a symbolic and diffuse initiative that lacks coherent implementation and potentially undermines fundamental rights. The article goes beyond that by analysing how officials and bureaucrats in the EU’s “engine room” perceive and deal with the Security Union. Drawing on research on the everyday dimensions of European integration and administrative bureaucracy, the article explores officials’ views and self-understandings as well as their routines and interactions in their daily work. For this purpose, it uses novel empirical data from personal interviews with administrative officials in Brussels. On this basis, the study highlights the importance of skilled individuals and personal interactions that can have lasting impact even when formal institutional structures erode. Moreover, it shows how everyday exchanges and experiences within the Security Union context can change officials’ self-understandings as security actors based on a broad security narrative.

Exploring Iroquois Culture in Joseph Bruchac’s Peacemaker: A Framework for Ethical Decision-Making Rooted in Core Character Value

Ethical decision-making is deeply intertwined with the foundational cultural values that articulate and embody core character virtues. These values find expression through moral and virtuous principles, shaped by social and cultural constructs, thereby guiding community behaviour. In the realm of environmental ethics, culture significantly influences the placement of the non-human world within various spectra, be it at the pinnacle, bottom, or as equals. Trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, and caring, the core character values, are intrinsically linked to where the non-human world stands in this context. Joseph Bruchac, a revered Native American author, revisits the historical genesis of the Iroquois confederacy, shedding light on the intricate relationship between the human and non-human worlds in his novel, Peacemaker. This paper delves into comprehending the Iroquois culture as a foundation for ethical decision-making, with a specific focus on core character values such as trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, and caring.

The problem of the historical genesis of the distribution of haplogroup G2a (Y - DNA) in the Caucasus

The problem of the historical genesis of the distribution of haplogroup G2a (Y - DNA) in the Caucasus

The anisotropic nature of singlet fission in single crystalline organic semiconductors

The escalating global energy predicament implores for a revolutionary resolution—one that converts sunlight into electricity—holding the key to supreme conversion efficiency. This comprehensive review embarks on the exploration of the principle of generating multiple excitons per absorbed photon, a captivating concept that possesses the potential to redefine the fundamental confines of conversion efficiency, albeit its application remains limited in photovoltaic devices. At the nucleus of this phenomenon are two principal processes: multiple exciton generation (MEG) within quantum-confined environments, and singlet fission (SF) inside molecular crystals. The process of SF, characterized by the cleavage of a single photogenerated singlet exciton into two triplet excitons, holds promise to potentially amplify photon-to-electron conversion efficiency twofold, thereby laying the groundwork to challenge the detailed balance limit of solar cell efficiency. Our discourse primarily dissects the complex nature of SF in crystalline organic semiconductors, laying special emphasis on the anisotropic behavior of SF and the diffusion of the subsequent triplet excitons in single-crystalline polyacene organic semiconductors. We initiate this journey of discovery by elucidating the principles of MEG and SF, tracing their historical genesis, and scrutinizing the anisotropy of SF and the impact of quantum decoherence within the purview of functional mode electron transfer theory. We present an overview of prominent techniques deployed in investigating anisotropic SF in organic semiconductors, including femtosecond transient absorption microscopy and imaging as well as stimulated Raman scattering microscopies, and highlight recent breakthroughs linked with the anisotropic dimensions of Davydov splitting, Herzberg–Teller effects, SF, and triplet transport operations in single-crystalline polyacenes. Through this comprehensive analysis, our objective is to interweave the fundamental principles of anisotropic SF and triplet transport with the current frontiers of scientific discovery, providing inspiration and facilitating future ventures to harness the anisotropic attributes of organic semiconductor crystals in the design of pioneering photovoltaic and photonic devices.

Феномен дауншифтинга: способы изучения в социальной философии

This study, based on the results of a number of scientific works on the study of sociocultural, socio-historical, socio-psychological and philosophical foundations of the historical genesis of the downshifting phenomenon, examines a number of methodological and analytical approaches that are at different stages of their substan-tive conceptualization and methodological design. Particular attention is paid to the genesis of the process of emergence and development of the foundations of alternative forms of socio-cultural existence of individuals, as well as the culturally and historically substantiated features of their understanding on the part of the social majority, often complicated by a more or less pronounced negative emotional attitude on the part of this majori-ty to manifestations of cultural and social marginality. Based on the results of the study, historically and socio-culturally mediated forms of historically early forms of individual and collective rejection of the massively pro-moted values of society for the sake of those values and goals of individual development that are recognized by the downshifter’s personality as a priority, and sometimes even subjectively perceived as the only true ones.

Понятие и сущность суверенитета государства в его историческом генезисе

Abstract: Introduction. The issue of protection of state sovereignty always remains relevant due to the constant presence of threats. At the same time, there are quite a lot of works in the legal literature devoted to the study of the essence and content of state sovereignty. The article considers some aspects that reveal the concept of sovereignty through historical events that influenced the formation of ideas about this concept. Attention is paid to the current state of understanding of state sovereignty.
 Methods. The methodological basis of the work is the dialectical method of cognition, which allowed us to trace the interrelationships between various facts and events. The author used general scientific methods, namely methods of analysis and synthesis of information, induction and deduction, as well as the possibility of methods of description and generalisation. The historical method played a significant role.
 Results. The results allowed us to definitely determine that the formation of the concept of «sovereignty» took place in the XVII century, and its further comprehension took place in the context of the formation in the states of the institution of rights and freedoms of the citizen, as well as the separation of powers.. At the same time, the study of state sovereignty in relation to the Eastern countries requires special attention.
 The study of the historical genesis of the concept of «sovereignty» allowed us to identify three stages for the Western world, the study of which is relevant in the context of this topic. The first period refers to antiquity, when Greek and Roman entities had signs of sovereignty. The second period is related to the Middle Ages and the existence of suzerainty-vassalage relations. The third period refers to the new and modern times and is associated with the comprehension of state sovereignty in its modern sense.

Liability for Unlawful Correction of Justice: Historical Genesis of National Criminal Law

The article examines the historical genesis of national criminal legislation in terms of regulating liability for interference with the judiciary. The author analyzes the legal monuments of Kievan Rus, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Commonwealth of Poland, the Russian Empire, the Soviet era and independent Ukraine – the current Criminal Code of 2001 and its current draft created in the course of reforming criminal legislation. In the process of developing a model for periodization of criminal law protection of judicial independence and judicial activity in Ukraine, the author proposes to apply a mixed criterion based on the validity, legal force and level of codification of a legal instrument containing criminal law provisions on interference with the activities of judicial bodies, and also takes into account the historical stages of formation of Ukrainian Statehood. The author identifies the stages of development of criminal legislation in this area: Stage I (XI - XV centuries) – the origins of criminal law policy in the field of protection against interference with the activities of judicial authorities and persons entrusted with the administration of justice; Stage II (XVI - XIX centuries) – the formation of criminal law policy in the field of protection against interference with the activities of judicial authorities and persons entrusted with the administration of justice; III stage (early twentieth century - adoption of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in 2001) – fixation of the content of unlawful behavior within the criminal law policy of ensuring protection against interference with the activities of judicial authorities and persons entrusted with the administration of justice, which corresponds to the current provision of Article 376 of the Criminal Code; IV stage (late twentieth century - to the present) – further improvement of the criminal law policy in the area of ensuring protection against interference with the activities of judicial authorities and persons entrusted with the administration of justice.

Deconstructing Radical Otherness through Education

The Moroccan educational system has inherited the 19th century axiological spirituality. A synthesis of Islam oriented morals together with the permanent call for resistance against different colonizers along the last two centuries and the influence of such historical and cultural Genesis is still shaping the strategic choices of values and orientations within the current learnings' modernization. Some paramount cases have become quite classic, namely when learners are called to react ethically to the historical events concerning the Jews destruction during the Second World War. Students are led to express less moral interest neither in learning nor in sympathizing with the victims or the survivors. Thus, moral education practice and orientation are challenged by the students' inability to develop a neutral stance of moral humanitarian arguments of a universal value.
 This study exposes the historical Genesis of the Moroccan cultural spiritualism to put across how otherness was structured through the traditional institutional moral learning. The lack of authentic humanitarian ethics is due to the hegemony of an institutionalized moral spiritualism at the detriment of empowering moral psychology of multicultural ethics. A pattern of moral imagination is therefore suggested to re-open the humanitarian ethics through genocide reconstruction and ethics.

Israel’s priority in Old Testament missiology

The present article challenges Walter C. Kaiser, Jr’s influential proposal for evangelical Old Testament missiology. Out of concern to avoid an understanding of “Israel as God’s favored or pet nation,” Kaiser argues that God’s promise to Abraham in Gen 12:3 is for the sake of all nations, and as such, “the first Great Commission mandate of the Bible.” In its three exegetical sections, the article seeks to overturn Kaiser’s Gentile-centric interpretation of the apostle Paul; his reading of the Primeval History in Genesis as a story of universal curse; and his understanding of the blessing of Abraham as remedial. More basically, it asserts the priority of Israel within God’s ways and works.