Historical Essence Research Articles

Evaluation and Revision of Historical ESSENCE Syndromic Surveillance Definition Used to Identify Work-Related Emergency Department Visits.

Occupational health surveillance programs have rarely incorporated syndromic surveillance. We documented a process for evaluating and revising syndromic surveillance definitions, using the example of work-related emergency department (ED) visits. Of 140 331 481 ED visits in the National Syndromic Surveillance Program from May 15, 2016, through October 31, 2017, we extracted 391 827 records for phase 1 that met the previously unevaluated original work-related definition or included a work-related employment status ICD-10-CM code (Y99.0/Y99.1; International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification). Also for phase 1, we evaluated the performance of the original work-related definition using ICD-10-CM work-related employment status codes as a reference standard. In phase 2, we extracted 99 109 records containing candidate work-related keywords. Finally, in phase 3, we examined individual keywords and developed and evaluated a revised definition. The revised work-related definition identified 259 153 visits by keyword alone, 104 342 visits by ICD-10-CM work-related employment status codes alone, and 16 385 ED visits by both methods. Sensitivity (13.6% vs 11.3%) and positive predictive value (5.9% vs 4.8%) were higher for the revised definition than for the original work-related definition. Manual review indicated that 91.3% (95% CI, 89.6%-93.0%) of visits identified by the revised definition keywords met the study criteria for work-related visits as compared with 75.5% (95% CI, 73.0%-78.4%) of visits for the original work-related definition. The original work-related definition performed suboptimally because keywords were not sufficiently specific. The revised definition is an improvement but requires testing in real-world scenarios. The presented methods for developing a syndromic surveillance definition are useful, not only for occupational health, but for identification of other subpopulations treated in the ED.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ И СИСТЕМА УПРАЖНЕНИЙ ПО ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ РУССКОЯЗЫЧНЫХ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ НА УРОКАХ КАЗАХСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of the formation of socio-cultural competence of students in the lessons of Russian as a non-native language, the key aspect of the study of which was the theoretical justification and practical development of a methodology for the formation of socio-cultural competence of students. The problem of the formation of socio-cultural competence became especially relevant at the beginning of the XXI century, which was due to significant social transformations in the modern world. Currently, it is socio-cultural competence that can become a moral and spiritual guideline for the development and strengthening of the integrity and diversity of the entire human community. Today, the main goal of studying the Kazakh language as a state language in a secondary school is to provide pedagogical conditions for a deeper and meaningful understanding of the world, its real, concrete historical essence, and the relationship between different peoples and cultures. That is why close attention is currently being paid to teaching Russian-speaking schoolchildren the Kazakh language as the state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan, providing intercultural communication, "dialogue of languages and cultures" The author analyzed the theoretical literature, models of scientists on the formation of socio-cultural competence are given. The article asserts the assumption that the use of new technologies, techniques, techniques, tools (collaborative learning, comparative analysis, role-playing games, the use of linguistic and cultural units, etc. They contribute to the successful formation of socio-cultural competence of students in the process of teaching the language as an official language of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Knowledge, Preparedness, and Practices of Lanna People for Earthquake-Resistant Housing in Active Fault Zones of Northern Thailand

An earthquake shakes the earth’s surface, causing structural damage to buildings, houses, bridges, and highways. Analyzing the earthquake resistance of buildings and Lanna traditional houses in Northern Thailand's active fault zones can mitigate these consequences. This study aimed to: 1) assess the earthquake resistance of buildings and Lanna traditional houses in these zones, and 2) examine the knowledge, preparedness, and practices of Lanna people regarding earthquake-resistant housing. The results revealed that 1.80% of buildings and Lanna traditional houses were not strong enough to withstand earthquakes. However, Lanna people in active fault zones demonstrated a high level of knowledge, preparedness, and practice in earthquake-resistant housing. Lanna traditional houses often use locally available materials like wood, leaves, stone, and bamboo, which are flexible and resilient during earthquakes. These materials are more sustainable than modern construction materials due to their lower environmental impact and cost-effectiveness. Engineers play a crucial role in ensuring homes are earthquake-resistant while preserving the cultural and historical essence of Lanna Thai architecture. By integrating modern engineering practices with traditional design elements, they create homes that are both safe and culturally significant.

BIM-Based Strategies for the Revitalization and Automated Management of Buildings: A Case Study

This study explores the transformative potential of integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Generative Design methodologies in heritage conservation and building management. By utilizing BIM, detailed architectural, structural, and MEP models were created, facilitating precise design and effective stakeholder collaboration. Generative Design enabled the exploration of multiple design solutions, optimizing spatial layouts and structural integrity. The project also integrated automated management systems and IoT sensors to enhance real-time monitoring, energy efficiency, and user comfort through the development of a digital twin. Despite encountering challenges such as technical complexities and budget constraints, the project successfully preserved the cinema’s historical essence while incorporating modern functionalities. The findings highlight the contributions of BIM and Generative Design to the AEC industry, emphasizing their role in improving design accuracy, operational efficiency, and sustainability. This research provides valuable insights for future projects in heritage conservation, offering a blueprint for balancing historical preservation with contemporary needs. The revitalization of the “Ex Cinema Santa Barbara” in Paternò exemplifies these advancements, demonstrating how these technologies can restore and modernize culturally significant historical buildings effectively.

On Seeing Long Shadows: Is Academic Medicine at its Core a Practice of Racial Oppression?

Suggestions that academic medicine is systemically racist are increasingly common in the medical literature. Such suggestions often rely upon expansive notions of systemic racism that are deeply controversial. The author argues for an empirical concept of systemic racism and offers a counter argument to a recent suggestion that academic medicine is systemically racist in its treatment of medical trainees: Anderson et al.'s(Academic Medicine, 98(8S), S28-S36, 2023) "The Long Shadow: a Historical Perspective on Racism in Medical Education." Contra the authors of "The Long Shadow," the author argues that racial performance disparities in medical education cannot be validly attributed to racism without careful empirical confirmation; he further argues that standards of assessment in medical education cannot be properly deemed racist merely because minority trainees are disproportionately disadvantaged by them. Furthermore, the history of medicine and society in the Anglo-European West is not, as argued by the authors of "The Long Shadow," best viewed as one long tale of racial oppression culminating in the present day pervasive racism of academic medicine in the United States. Racism is a deplorable stain on our history and our present but it is not the historical essence of Christianity, European civilization, Western medicine, or contemporary academic medical institutions.

A Critique of Positivism: Human Nature and Anarchy

Positivism and post positivism are two paradigms within the field of international relations (IR) that differ in their approaches to ontology (the nature of reality) and epistemology (how knowledge is acquired) in the study of international politics. Ontologically, positivists are objectivists, meaning that they believe there are objective facts (for example, selfish human nature) and laws (for example, anarchy leads to chaos) in international politics. Positivists apply common rationality and value-neutrality as epistemological tools to discover and analyze such claims regarding external and objective social reality. In this paper, I make two points. First, positivism (realism and liberalism) has a natural propensity to reify social concepts into trans historical essence to generate causal theories. However, in reality, human nature is complex and the meaning of social realities such as human nature and anarchy is conceptual and constitutive. Second, the adoption of common rationality and value-neutrality as epistemological building blocks lead positivism to a rigid and ahistorical view of human nature and anarchy. In contrast, post positivism (critical theory and constructivism) can generate a relatively nuanced and complete picture of international politics.

EVOLUTION OF THE REALISTIC ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC METHOD

This article delves into the evolution of the realist method, examining its interrelation with various artistic trends and currents. The impact of socio-political processes on the method's development is explored, emphasizing the dynamic nature of the artistic method and its continuous modifications in the expression of the author's ideas. The concept of 'realism' as a primary method in art is expounded, with an analysis of the perspectives of philosophers, art critics, and artists on its understanding throughout different epochs of cultural development. Characterizing features of realism are delineated, and a conceptual framework is presented, positing "realism" as a means of engaging with and comprehending spiritual and practical reality. The study establishes that realism serves as a conduit for unveiling the social and historical essence of humanity. Realistic painting, in particular, plays a pivotal role in transmitting the cultural code, illustrating the reciprocal interaction between individuals and their surrounding reality. This interaction contributes to a holistic representation of a specific historical period. The research paper encompasses a comprehensive examination of artistic methods, trends, and concepts, including romanticism, impressionism, symbolism, cubism, modernism, postmodernism, and metamodernism. The article underscores the significance of studying the evolution of realism in the visual arts and posits that the phenomenon in realistic art centers on the symbiotic relationship between individuals and their environment. In conclusion, the article asserts that realism not only unveils national traits but also communicates authentic facts that subsequently contribute to the shaping of historical mentality. The research interest in this exploration stems from a profound concern for understanding the nuanced evolution of realism in the visual arts.

Журналистерді қарулы қақтығыстарда қорғаудағы халықаралық ұйымдардың рөлі

The intensity of armed conflicts on the international stage is increasing, posing significant risks to the lives of journalists disseminating information from conflict zones. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of international laws and organizations in ensuring the protection of rights and safety of journalists in armed conflict situations. The study focuses on examining the application and effectiveness of international legal acts, including the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, as well as analyzing the activities of major international organizations such as the UN and UNESCO, the Committee to Protect Journalists, and Reporters Without Borders. The authors highlight the historical essence of the development of international humanitarian law and emphasize its adaptation to modern conditions of warfare, characterized by diversity and ambiguity in conflicts. Special attention is given to the analysis of problems and challenges faced by journalists in conflict zones, and the role of international organizations in protecting their rights and freedoms. The article also presents recommendations for strengthening international and national defense mechanisms, as well as the need to improve informational support and educational programs for journalists working in conflict zones. In the conclusion of the research, the authors underscore the importance of global collaboration for the effective protection of journalists, identifying the necessity for further development and refinement of international regulatory mechanisms in the context of the constantly changing nature of armed conflicts

Babari Masjid Chronicles: Modi’s Ideology not Embracing Ayodhya Spirit and India’s Future

Introduction: After the Babri Masjid demolition, Prime Minister Narendra Modi's treatment of Ayodhya’s was criticized for violating its unity tradition. Modi's politics emphasize inclusion over exclusion. Reconciliation initiatives are examined in Ram temple construction. The essay promotes discourse, harmony, and India's diversity, emphasizing the need for integration. Methodology: The study uses inductive qualitative research to examine Modi's ideology and its relationship to Ayodhya's symbolism of unity and diversity in India. Literary secondary sources including books, journals, and novel research help collect data. The study uses interpretive content analysis and is qualitative. The protagonist's psychological journey is explored using inductive inquiry. Results/ Findings: The analysis reveals The analysis indicates a notable discrepancy between Prime Minister Narendra Modi's ideological stance and the historical essence of Ayodhya as a symbol of unity and pluralism. The necessity of reevaluating Modi's ideology vis-à-vis Ayodhya and its broader implications for India's future trajectory. The research emphasizes the importance of embracing inclusivity and dialogue to safeguard the nation's unity and diversity in the face of socio-political challenges. Modi's policies and decisions concerning Ayodhya, including his role in the Ram temple construction, come under scrutiny for their implications on India's socio-political landscape. Future Direction/ Implication: This study improves understanding of "Babri Masjid Chronicles: Modi’s Ideology Not Embracing Ayodhya Spirit and India’s Future" and opens the door to further research on socio-political narratives and their psychological roots in literature. This includes studying national identity, ideological disagreement, and cultural and religious pluralism in fictional and historical situations. This research inspires further study of literary discourse, socio-political ideologies, and Indian national identity and unity

Sustainable Urban Planning and Genius Loci: A LDA-Based Analysis of Recreational Landscape Imagery in Hangzhou’s Qiaoxi Historic District

Amidst the impacts of urbanization and commercialization, the cultural and historical essence of neighborhoods is undermined, paralleled by the diminishing Genius Loci. This research explores the previously under-researched area of how urban leisure districts’ spatial design influences tourists’ experiential imagery perceptions and the Genius Loci, aiming to elucidate their dialectical relationship. Leveraging LDA topic modeling and TF-IDF text analysis, we distill behavioral and cognitive imageries from tourist reviews to forge a perception framework of the Genius Loci, bifurcated into spiritual and directional imagery dimensions. Secondary dimensions emerge through TF-IDF keyword extraction. GIS technology further analyzes the spatial distribution of emotional imageries and the spatiotemporal dynamics of emotions, highlighting its significance in sustainable urban development. The findings reveal the multidimensional experiential imageries of tourists in leisure neighborhoods and their impact and feedback on the Genius Loci, offering a new perspective on the interaction between tourists’ emotional spatial experiences and the Genius Loci. It is discovered that tourist perceptions mainly concentrate on “environmental psychological perception dimension” and “spatial orientation perception dimension” with the spatial distribution of tourists’ emotional experiences showing significant temporal dynamics. These results underline a complex interaction between tourists’ experiential imagery and the Genius Loci, suggesting that tourists’ feedback could play a critical role in shaping the evolution of these cultural spaces, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches in urban planning and heritage conservation.

MICROFINANCE AND ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN NIGERIA: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF IMPACT AND SUSTAINABILITY

Microfinance emerges as a transformative beacon in Nigeria's journey towards economic empowerment. This paper dives into the intricate weave of microfinance within Nigeria's bustling economic narrative. Through rigorous literature analysis, we unearth the historical essence of microfinance, measure its tangible socio-economic impacts, and highlight its undeniable role in vanquishing poverty and kindling entrepreneurship. Drawing insights from a curated collection of peer-reviewed articles and empirical studies, our exploration offers a panoramic view of Nigeria's microfinance terrain. The revelations are striking. Microfinance institutions have pioneered avenues of financial inclusion, ignited entrepreneurial ventures, and steadily eroded the bastions of poverty. However, challenges like escalating loan default rates and operational inefficiencies cast long shadows. Yet, the advent of digital innovations signals hope, promising to reshape these challenges into opportunities. In summation, the paper crafts a compelling narrative: for microfinance to etch lasting imprints on Nigeria's economic canvas, it must continually reinvent, adapt, and innovate. Our recommendations are clear-cut—champion regulatory reforms, invest in capacity building, elevate financial literacy, and design financial products that echo Nigeria's diverse ethos. With microfinance as its guiding star, Nigeria's economic horizon gleams with untapped potential and promise
 Keywords: Microfinance, Economic Empowerment, Nigeria, Financial Landscape, Digital Innovations.

Ідентичність та суверенітет в системі інституційних ресурсів національно укоріненого економічного розвитку України

The author shows that identity as a historically given social reality develops under the inverse influence of the entire set of value-institutional resources of society generated by it, including its active subjectivity, integrating potential of national interest, process sovereignty, stable institutional structure and dynamic factor of exogenous reforms. The conclusion is substantiated that the imprint of relevance on the historical essence of the national identity adapts it to today’s needs, but at the same time there are limits of adaptation that the society cannot cross without losing its identity. Based on such an understanding, the author proves the possibility of consistently developing criteria for the coordinated use of internal trust tools as those that should be directly correlated with national identity: stability of the monetary unit, stability of the tax regime, stimulating state investment policy, social guarantee policy, and foreign economic strategy. This provides an opportunity to significantly increase the degree of coherence of the main areas of state regulatory policy.

Revitalization of Colonial Buildings as Community Centre: Case study of the Former Radio Cililin Building, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

The historical remnants of the former Cililin Radio Transmitter area comprise the Cililin Radio Transmitter Building and the remnants of the Transformer Building, which served as tangible artifacts from the Dutch colonial era when it functioned as a radio transmission station. These remnants hold profound historical and archaeological significance, representing a bygone communication technology era. Cililin Radio Transmitter Building is interwoven with pivotal historical events, including the sovereignty transfer from the Netherlands to Indonesia in the Cililin region, and marks the inception of SMA N 1 Cililin (State Senior High School 1 Cililin). These structures' condition and surroundings were neglected, rendering them susceptible to deterioration. This led to the restoration and revitalization of this area to safeguard its historical value and make it accessible to the community. This design research aims to revitalize the former area. Cililin Radio Transmitter is a community center, where the process begins with studies related to revitalization to obtain design parameters that can be applied to the case. Therefore, this research and design will transform the former Cililin Radio Transmitter Area into a vibrant community center. A creative metaphorical approach was employed, which ensured the preservation of the buildings, amplification of the historical essence of the site, and the provision of community-oriented facilities. A qualitative method was used to analyze the objects through field surveys connected with literature related to revitalization and metaphorical architecture. The results showed that the adaptation and addition of new functions to the study objects rejuvenated the environment and accommodated the community's social activities.

Preserving the past, nurturing the future: a systematic literature review on the conservation and revitalization of Chinese historical town environments during modernization

The rapid urbanization occurring in China has brought increased attention from scholars towards the issue of revitalizing historical conservation of towns and adapting them to meet the needs of a modern city. In contemporary times, there is a notable emphasis among local residents and experts on the matter of effectively integrating the historical and cultural aspects, distinctive qualities, and traditional practices of a given locality with the demands and dynamics of urban life in a manner that preserves its historical essence. The present study focuses on several questions: What are the philosophical underpinnings and conceptual significance of conservation, regeneration, and urban evolution? What are the existing guidelines and implemented schemes of regeneration in China based on the principles of Space syntax theory and configurational analysis? The primary goal is to enhance the functionality of historical conservation of towns and improve the living environment for the local inhabitants. The study begins with the challenges faced in the historical conservation of towns in the backdrop of high-speed urbanization. Subsequently, it introduces the Space syntax theory as a theoretical perspective to address the problem of how to ensure the preservation of historical towns in linewith the demands of the modern cities in China. The current study used the bibliometric analysis method based on Scopus, Dimension and Web of science databases. The analysis was performed on R software and VOS viewer. Furthermore, only published articles, review papers and book chapters were selected that are published between 2000–2022. Lastly, the study suggests that the future research on the conservation of historical cities in China shall focus on policy formulation and community involvement in conservation and the regeneration of historic areas. The need to involve the public in the decision-making process of the future of their cities is imperative, since the locals are the end-users to every regeneration scheme, hence they are the key stakeholder responsible for ensuring the sustainability of their region.

Konstantin Leontiev against the Background of Byzantism and “the Eastern Confederation”

The article is devoted to the biography and socio-political views of K. N. Leontiev, the great Russian notionalist and publicist of the second half of the nineteenth century. The article discusses the evolution of Leontiev’s views. The emphasis is put on Leontiev’s ideas about byzantism as the foundation of Russia’s potential historical “longevity” and about “the Eastern Union” — a confederation, which, from his point of view, should include Orthodox and Slavic peoples, as well as many peoples of the Asian continent. The methodology of this review paper is based on the principles of science, historicism and objectivity. The research was based on the methods of comparative historical analysis, immersion into the ideological atmosphere of the time in which K. N. Leontiev had lived, and biographical analysis with elements of psychological research, which allowed to understand and reveal some fundamental aspects of his socio-political views. The article reviews and analyzes the literary heritage of the notionalist, including his journalism, fi ction and letters. K. N. Leontiev was one of “the pioneers” who had introduced the concept of byzantism into the socio-political discourse of postreform Russia. He nurtured great hopes that the Byzantine principles would allow Russia to outlast Western Europe by a long time — ultimately for a whole cultural and state epoch, i.e. for 1000–1200 years. The notionalist had generated these hopes in the fi rst half of the 1870s. However, K. N. Leontiev stopped counting on such a long period of Russia’s historical longevity towards the end of his earthly journey. An appeal to the biography and views of this notionalist, to his ideas about byzantism, “the Eastern Confederation”, Orthodoxy and the problem of the Church allows us to signifi cantly more accurately, sharper and deeper assess the catastrophic results of the 20th century for our country, the civilizational, spiritual, metaphysical, historical essence and the signifi cance of revolutions that befell it, as well as the period of the communist rule, and to outline potential ways for Russia to get out of the diff icult situation in which it has found itself in the current post-Soviet years.

알프레드 T. 마한의 지정학적 위협인식 및 대외정책론과 20세기 초 미국 대외정책의 변화

China’s rapid rise since the 2010s threatens a global hegemony of the United States, which seemed to become a permanent superpower after the post-Cold War following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Just like the United States at the beginning of the 20th century, China is building an aggressive foreign policy and a strong naval force to support it. The U.S. is also making various efforts to counter the rise of China and to deter the challenge of hegemony. The U.S. efforts and grand strategic origins in the Asia- Pacific region were the geopolitical threat perception and foreign policy theory of Alfred T. Mahan, one of America’s leading maritime geopolitical scholars and maritime strategists. Although the specific form and method have changed little by little according to the changes of the times, it is true that the actual grand strategic essence has not changed significantly in the early 20th century or in the modern era beyond the 2020s. Therefore, the Republic of Korea, which takes the R.O.K-U.S. alliance as the basis of national security, should pay attention to Mahan's perception of geopolitical threat and foreign policy theory in its historical essence in order to accurately and soberly recognize the grand strategic origins of U.S. foreign policy. Through this, we will be able to get a little closer to what the fundamental grand strategic origins of the U.S. are and what their essence is, beyond the simple recognition of the current status quo of the U.S. foreign policy.

The Historical Essence of Labour (a Review of an International Scholarly and Theoretical Conference)

The Historical Essence of Labour (a Review of an International Scholarly and Theoretical Conference)

The Magical Santayanan Groundwork for Metaphysical Coherentism

The Magical Santayanan Groundwork for Metaphysical Coherentism

Showpiece City: How Architecture Made Dubai

Showpiece City: How Architecture Made Dubai

Characteristics and Inheritance Analysis of Architectural Culture in Han Dynasty

As the most splendid period of Chinese history and culture, the culture of the Han Dynasty is the mainstream culture in Chinese history and culture. The architectural culture of the Han Dynasty is an indispensable part of the traditional Chinese architectural culture. It not only inherits the architectural culture of the Qin Dynasty, but also creates the unique cultural buildings of the Han Dynasty. In recent years, there has also been a boom in the culture of the Han Dynasty in China, and the country has also begun to strengthen the emphasis on and inheritance of traditional culture, especially the splendid culture of the Han Dynasty. Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty by Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, the culture of the Han Dynasty has been popularized and has been passed down to this day. Most of the buildings in the Han Dynasty were architectural styles whose center was symmetrical on both sides of the axis, but in order to meet the needs of artistic beauty, a diversified architectural style was formed. Magnificent and gorgeous buildings are scattered all over the land, especially the majestic momentum of the palace buildings, which is unprecedented in scale. As a cultural landscape, the cultural architecture of the Han Dynasty is the witness of history and culture, the precipitation of Chinese civilization, and has far-reaching humanistic spiritual connotations. The wide range of spiritual and cultural radiation in the Han Dynasty and the deep influence on people's activities and behaviors are the core of the sense of national belonging, and its cultural belonging and identity are manifested in the special material of architecture. With a history of more than five thousand years, China has a long history of architectural culture. Chinese traditional architecture not only reflects its own cultural deposits, but also reflects the historical essence of the Chinese nation in different periods. Through the analysis and research on the architectural characteristics and the continuation of historical context in Han Dynasty, it is not difficult to conclude that the continuation of urban architectural context is an important challenge faced by architectural design.