Discipline Of History Research Articles

Juvenile School Discipline and Well-Being Among College-Educated Emerging Adults

Amidst a decline in exclusionary school discipline, the current study asks how a more holistic set of school discipline practices are associated with emerging adult well-being. We use original survey data from over 700 college-educated emerging adults to show that this sample can be categorized into three groups with unique school disciplinary histories—those who received minimal discipline, those who received primarily school-managed discipline, and those who received intensive discipline. These groups were distinguishable not just on the severity or exclusionary nature of discipline but also the involvement of parents, police, or support staff (e.g., counselors). After accounting for selection into these groups, we find that emerging adults with histories of both school-managed and intensive discipline reported lower well-being than their minimally-disciplined counterparts. Such findings demonstrate the reach of school discipline even to this relatively privileged sample and the need to think about discipline and its potential consequences more expansively.

At the Limits of Knowledge: the Iron Poetics of Old English Verse in the Nineteenth Century

ABSTRACT Scholars in recent decades have critiqued the notion of Old English as a poetry of iron: evoking a hypermasculine, primitive past, the metaphor is emblematic of outdated practices in the field. This article builds upon these critiques, while showing that they oversimplify the metaphor’s function in disciplinary history. Part I traces desires and unknowns in the nineteenth century that made iron embody Saxon poetry’s primitive artlessness. From these struggles, Part II turns to draw forth a counter-narrative, in which Bosworth’s metaphor of the hammering smith served to clarify difficulties of metrical knowledge c.1825. Part III then situates a later extension of iron imagery in the potentialities of late nineteenth-century iron architecture. Examining the challenges that early scholars faced helps us better perceive the literary, linguistic, and political ramifications of their solutions. Spotlighting the metaphor’s changing relationship to beauty versus utility also points forward, as we imagine new metaphors that might once more be productive for conceptualising poetic structure.

Etnologiska möjligheter

During the past decade, Ethnology, like many other disciplines in humanities, indulged in a somewhat anxious self-reflection. The methodological and spatial differences between subjects like Ethnology, Anthropology and History have almost disappeared and the position of Ethnology as a discipline at the intersection of cultural history and analyses of contemporary society is no longer unique. This essay explores the ethnological possibilities and the potential for doing research that includes analyses of both the past and the contemporary. By searching for a deeper knowledge of a phenomenon in both the contemporary and the past, an understanding of the specific conditions surrounding the phenomenon becomes possible. Furthermore, through the study of how and why it became what it is, the contingency of history becomes apparent. With a focus on both the present and the past, it also becomes easier to discern what historical processes are important for us today. Ethnology has much to gain if we, based on the insights of the new cultural history and the linguistic turn, resume the combination of contemporary analysis and historical reconstruction which has characterized the discipline at times. In this way Ethnology also offers something original in relation to what the disciplines of history, contemporary historians and anthropologists do regarding knowledge production.

Developing a Research Design based on the distinction of History from the Social Sciences

The issues of methodology are mainly associated with the concept of authenticity and verification of knowledge which is a key element of epistemology. Since antiquity, various solutions have been proposed and methods were evolved in order to ensure accuracy and truthfulness of the knowledge gained. As far as history was concerned, its methods were evolved in its own epistemological framework in ancient and medieval times. However after the development of philosophy of science in the west, the discipline of history had to face severe methodological crisis. Some major philosophers of history after an evolutionary process rejected the methods of sciences; however the discipline is still somehow related with the social sciences. The present research argues that history is even different, ancient and unique from the social sciences. Thus the methods of research in history are entirely different and building a research design in history is a completely different task. The present research has evaluated the evolution of development of methods in the social sciences as well as in history in order to draw a distinction of social sciences from history. The study further proposed a historical research design which is based on the traditional methods of research in history; and which also ensures maximum authenticity by using tools of reliability. The study will help the historians to highlight the actual methodological nature of their discipline and to justify the claims of their researches as authentic and different from the rest of the social sciences at the same time. 

Art/Story of the Niuklia Fri Pasifik: On Doing Creative Pacific Histories

ABSTRACT The transgressive spirit, critical flair, and cultural power of Pacific grassroots movements are too often ignored or relegated to the footnotes within the discipline of Pacific history. Through a montage of creative and pedagogical campaigns, this article considers the Against Testing On Moruroa (ATOM) Committee in Fiji, and the regional Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific (NFIP) movement, as a nascent form of applied grassroots Pacific Studies. It then suggests that scholars ought to engage with the creative chronicle of social movements to make creative Pacific histories. Inspired by Fijian-Tongan poet and scholar Tagi Qolouvaki’s invocation of ‘activist art/story’, this article then describes the author’s creative practice-led research using audio documentary to recast the intellectual genealogy of critical Pacific Studies, discussing this movement as a foundational grassroots counter network.

Local impacts, global consequences: assessing the mass displacement and migration tied to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine

ABSTRACT Since Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the region’s dynamics have shifted considerably calling for an interdisciplinary assessment of the reverberating effects at home and abroad. This special issue of Canadian Foreign Policy Journal contributes to contemporary public affairs, refugee, migration, and diaspora studies by offering an overview of the broad impacts underway. The issue’s international authors give readers an opportunity to listen to voices addressing all levels of the invasion’s challenges–socially, politically, and economically–uniting thematic and regional expertise on this urgent topic while making linkages between Canada and the region. Their contributions bridge the disciplines of history, geography, political science, architecture, sociology, public policy, and philosophy. This introductory text provides an initial reflection on the pressing issues, summarizing the broad consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine while outlining each author’s distinct contribution. In addition to discussions of the invasion's consequences, it also begins to frame the resultant openings—and challenges—of greater regional pluralism moving forward, as refugees and internally displaced persons leave their homes and interact with new host societies, both domestically and internationally. This special issue looks across the affected region while offering a unique view overseas into the impacts here in Canada.

Teaching Philosophy at Kharkiv University in the 19th — Early 20th Century (according to students’ recollections)

The article highlights the peculiarities of teaching philosophy at Kharkiv University in the 19th and early 20th according to students’ recollections. Gaining this historical experience will contribute to solving the urgent problems of optimising humanities courses in higher education today. It is found out that Kharkiv University became the centre of development of philosophical science in Ukraine. Through the efforts of public figures, it was possible to invite Johann Schad, a graduate of the German school, to become a professor of the newly created Department of Speculative and Practical Philosophy. His efforts to develop the department and the progressive views of the academic staff alarmed the authorities resulting in the formation of a faculty subservient to the regime, decrease in the level of teaching of philosophical disciplines, and subsequently, the dissolution of the Department of Philosophy. The main emphasis in the professional training of students is placed on historical disciplines, primarily the study of Russian history. It was only in the 1870s that Kharkiv University was able to provide its students with a proper philosophical education. The analysis of students’ recollections of the institution shows the popularity of philosophy courses and the respect of students for the teaching staff. At the beginning of the twentieth century, with the permission of the government, student clubs were established. Unfortunately, the level of popularity of philosophical circles was low due to the chauvinistic views of their leaders. Nevertheless, it was found that thanks to the efforts of the academic staff of Kharkiv University, Ukrainian philosophical thought is being formed and popularised abroad.

Наукові дослідження Миколи Битинського в Канаді

The character of Mykola Bytynsky and his activities have not yet been sufficiently studied and analyzed, although they undoubtedly deserve it. Mykola Bytynsky is an expert in the field of heraldry and the author of a number of articles and surveys devoted to the problems of city and land heraldry in the historical and ethnographic regions of Ukraine. Due to the fact that the works of M. Bytynsky are scattered in various journals of public and religious associations of the Ukrainian community abroad, his scientific heritage has not become the object of special research. The article examines and analyzes the activities of M. Bytynsky in the field of Ukrainian heraldry and vexillology in Canada. M. Bytynsky was one of the organizers of the Ukrainian Genealogical and Heraldic Society, which contributed to the popularization of heraldry among the Ukrainian community in emigration. In his scientific activity, M. Bytynsky, first of all, devoted himself to the study of the city and territorial coats of arms of Ukraine, as evidenced by the huge number of publications during the years 1953-1972. M. Bytynsky was also engaged in the study of Ukrainian heraldic terminology, in particular the divisions of the shield, the peculiarities of the use of helmets, mottos, mantles, tents and crowns. Along with explanations, he gave examples of blazoning (description) of coats of arms. Due to the ideological commitment and political motivation of the city heraldry of the time in the Ukrainian SSR, the majority of city coats of arms were created in gross violation of the basic prescriptions of theoretical heraldry. M. Bytynsky, who was a leading specialist and practical specialist in the production of coats of arms, developed a number of recommendations that have not lost their relevance to this day and are an important evidence of the strength of the coat-of-arms tradition of Ukraine. For the first time, M. Bytynsky drew attention to the problems that objectively arose during the study of Ukrainian city symbols. The elaborated epistolary of M. Bytynsky also made it possible to analyze the creative ideas and directions of the researcher’s scientific activity, as well as the socio-cultural factors that had an impact on his life and activity. First of all, attention is drawn to the correspondence of M. Bytynsky with the famous heraldist R. Klymkevich, in which the researchers discussed a number of topical problems of Ukrainian city and land heraldry. Let’s note that the letters are carriers of versatile and unique information, which contributes to the understanding of a wide range of topical issues. Due to the lack of many sources, the letters will contribute to filling in the white spots in the study of scientific activity. In view of this, they are important sources for the reconstruction of the scientific activity of researchers of auxiliary historical disciplines.

«В Историко-архивном институте историческая география еще не совсем исчезла»: письма О.М. Медушевской В.К. Яцунскому (1956—1966 гг.)

The publication includes the letters by O. M. Medushevskaya to V. K. Yatsunskiy written in 1956–1966. They are of interest to the study of the beginning of O. М. Medushevskaya’s research path, which is associated with historical geography and the history of geographical knowledge. The letters’ main themes are — the work of O. M. Medushevskaya at the Department of Auxiliary Historical Disciplines of the Moscow State Institute for History and Archives, preparation for publication of the lectures on the 17th—19th centuries maps, consultation of E. G. Istomina (Gelman) on the topic of the candidate dissertation (about the historical geography of the Novgorod province in the 18th century). These published sources are of particular interest for studying intergenerational communication between V. K. Yatsunskiy and O. M. Medushevskaya, the relationship between the teacher and the student. The letters were found in the personal fund of V. K. Yatsunskiy in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Актуальные методические подходы к разработке онлайн-курсов по искусствоведению

In an article on the topic of art history discipline, the forms and directions of including digital tools in the educational process. For the art historical disciplinary, the emphasis is on working with visual and verbal texts, focusing on the development of skills, analysis of various sources, professional writing and mastery of rhetoric, professional reading skills, critical assessment of sources, understanding the context of the creation of both one’s own art and their critical accompaniment. This needs to be considered when incorporating online learning elements into higher education courses using digital platforms. The introduction of slot machine forms and the importance of communication with the original source, skills in understanding the visual artifact, combined with the use of digital copies and working with originals. The use of digital tools to create exercises may include elements of gamification, but should be didactically justified, and their development should not contain restrictions. Also, students and teachers of humanities often require additional training courses on working with software, technical support and supervisor support. This also applies to the use of digital information tools, which are gradually shaping the individualization of learning (platforms, social networks, chat bots). The 20th Century Fashion: Art and Industry course examines the prospects and features of reverse instructional design in online continuing education courses.

Pembangunan Tamadun melalui Wakaf Keluarga: Analisis dari Perspektif Sejarah Islam Civilizational Development through Family Waqf: An Analysis from Islamic Historical Perspectives

Islam menganjurkan amalan berwakaf sebagai satu bentuk tuntutan yang digalakkan terutama bagi membantu golongan yang kurang berkemampuan. Dalam sejarah Islam, praktis perwakafan bukanlah sesuatu yang asing dalam kalangan para sahabat dan pemerintah kerajaan Islam termasuk pelaksanaan wakaf ahli/wakaf zurri yang juga dikenali sebagai wakaf keluarga. Wakaf keluarga adalah satu bentuk wakaf yang dibuat oleh pewakaf (waqif) kepada benefisiari (mawquf ‘alaih) yang terdiri daripada seorang atau lebih ahli keluarga bagi tujuan kebajikan. Artikel ini meneliti perkembangan sejarah praktis wakaf keluarga daripada perspektif sejarah Islam. Penelitian artikel ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan teks tematik dimana setiap perbincangan akan dibuat secara bertema menerusi sub-sub tajuk yang berkaitan dan sesuai dengan tajuk artikel. Dapatan artikel ini menunjukkan bahawa wakaf keluarga adalah salah satu bentuk wakaf yang telah diterima dan dipraktiskan dalam sejarah dunia Islam. Namun, pelaksanaan wakaf keluarga di beberapa buah negara termasuk Malaysia telah mengalami pelbagai perkembangan yang berbeza selaras dengan keadaan serta keperluan tempatan dan undang-undang di setiap negara.

Probing Historical Image Contexts: Enhancing Visual Archive Retrieval through Computer Vision

This study examines the longstanding need and challenge of providing contextual analysis of historical images stored in digital visual archives and the accessibility of retrieving contextual information from these historical archives. Contextual analysis is essential for disciplines such as history and art history, as it allows for the contextualization of artwork and historical sources with historical narratives, which, in turn, enhances understanding of the artistic or political expression in the contents of cultural products. To address this challenge, a novel approach is proposed utilizing computer vision to trace the circulation and dissemination of historical photographs in their original contexts. This method involves first using YOLO v7 to crop historical images from pictorial magazines, then training machine learning models on the cropped printed images plus another large dataset of original historical photographs, and comparing the similarity of images between the datasets of printed images and original photographs. To ensure accuracy of image similarities between the two subsets with distinct image qualities, an ensemble of three machine learning models—Vision Transformer, EfficientNetv2, and Swin Transformer—was developed. Through this system, contexts in the circulation of historical photographs were discovered and new insights regarding the editing strategies of propaganda magazines in East Asia during WWII were uncovered. These outcomes offer supporting evidence for previous research in the history and art historical disciplines, and demonstrate the potential of computer vision for uncovering new information from digital visual archives. Our model achieves a 77.8% top-15 retrieval accuracy on our evaluation dataset.

The historiography of social reproduction and reproductive labor

AbstractThis article tracks the categories of social reproduction and reproductive labor as they appear in historical scholarship. Both within and beyond the historical discipline, scholars of diverse political, theoretical, and disciplinary persuasions deploy these concepts to denote a wide range of labors and processes in a manner that seems at times to have little coherence. The intentions of this article are to bring further clarity to these useful, if rather sprawling, terms and to reflect on the analytical work that they can do for historians.

An Overview of the Disciplinary History of Chinese Phonosemantics

An Overview of the Disciplinary History of Chinese Phonosemantics

The culture of Kazakhstan of the Soviet period in the English historiography of the second half of the XX -early XXI centuries

The article provides an analysis of the work of English scientists who tell about the history of Kazakhstan in the Soviet period of the second half of the XX-early XXI centuries, the history of the local population, econ-omy, culture, traditions, religious beliefs. We consider historiography as a special historical discipline that studies the history of the accumulation of historical knowledge, the development of historical thought and re-search methodology, the history of the creation of historical works and biographies of scientists, the history of scientific institutions, the organization of historical education and the spread of historical knowledge. The main purpose of writing the article was to introduce researchers to the scientific environment, the modern community of readers. The article conducted a scientific analysis of the works of European and English re-searchers who wrote about the culture, traditions, and religious beliefs of Kazakhs in the period from the XXcentury to the beginning of the XXI century. According to the theory and methodology of scientific research, the methods of historicism, objectivity, historical comparative analysis and historical regularity were mainly used. In the post-war years, Anglo-American Sovietology proved its right to take a worthy place in World historiography, and was in demand not only in Western countries, but also in the countries of the for-mer Soviet Union. The most accurate and deep analysis was distinguished by the works of Jeffrey Wheeler, Walter Kolartz, Shirin Akiner, Sevket Akıldız, Richard Carlson, Violet Connolli, Sarah Cameron, Harun Yilmaz, Rico Isaacs. At the beginning of writing the article, the books and articles of these researchers of the Soviet history, including Kazakhstan, were taken as a basis

Российская история в зеркале геральдики

In 2022, a team of specialists in the field of special historical disciplines completed the research stage of work on the project of the fundamental generalizing publication "Russian Heraldry: Encyclopedia", which was highly appreciated by the RFBR expert community.
 Methodically, the project is based on micro- and macro-historical approaches to the study of the past that are fundamental for modern science. In this case, the micro–level is realized through the analysis of the genesis, iconographic evolution and semantics of the heraldic space, and the macro-historical – through their integration into the context of the main historical events and processes. The heraldic history of the country is presented as a complex, multidimensional process caused by a combination of political, social, cultural and other factors. The encyclopedia is a complete body of knowledge about Russian heraldry, contains articles on the theoretical concepts of this discipline, special terminology, heraldic figures, the history of state, territorial and ancestral coats of arms, the main sources (including material – banners), state institutions, heraldic scientists, artists, etc. The chronological boundaries of the publication are from the end of the XV to the present.
 For the first time, a comprehensive encyclopedic study of the history of scientific and practical heraldry of one country (Russia) was undertaken in a broad general historical context, using the latest methods of historical analysis and theoretical experience accumulated by world herbology.

THE TOPIC OF COSSACKS HISTORY ON THE PAGES OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS OF THE 50-80s OF THE 20TH CENTURY: UKRAINIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL

The article examines the main aspects of the study of the topic of Cossacks history in Ukrainian historical scientific publications during the 50-80 years of the 20th century. and an analysis of the level of study of the problems of the Cossacks on the pages of the "Ukrainian Historical Journal" was carried out. The role of this periodical in considering the issues of socio-economic, political and cultural development of Ukrainian lands in the late Middle Ages is studied. The evolution of research approaches is analyzed, the key topics and questions that were relevant for historians during a certain period are revealed. The contributions of individual scientists and their influence on the general scientific discourse regarding the Cossacks in Ukraine in the specified historical period are highlighted. The importance of studies in special historical disciplines for illuminating the history of Ukraine during the Cossack period is highlighted. It was determined that the authors of these studies significantly expanded research on specific historical problems of the period under study, clarified and specified a number of phenomena and events in the history of the Cossacks. It was concluded that the "Ukrainian Historical Journal", which occupies a unique place in national historiography, made a significant contribution to the study of important aspects of the Cossacks of Ukraine. This article makes an important contribution to the understanding of the development of historical research on the Cossack theme and determines its place in the scientific discussion during the specified time period.

The Year 1905 on the Periphery of the Russian Empire: Between Experience and Memory

This article has two dimensions: on one hand, it is part of the discipline of labour history, as in the text I highlight the experience of modernisation among workers in the Northwest Region of the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the 1905 revolution, one of the most important political events of that time, as far as this can be discerned in autobiographical writings. But because the majority of the sources I use which allow us to talk about the experiences and reflections of the working class in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were written and collected in a completely different, Soviet epoch, the second direction of my research is integrally connected to the theme of memory in the processes of the formation and memories of social movements of the working class, it is also about the policy of Soviet history and the role of history in the creation of a class identity. I admit that these are very different themes; however, separating these research directions does not appear to be productive, while the decision to select one specific theme without mentioning the other would be unfair in terms of the body of primary sources and its problematic integrity.

Historical archaeology at the interstices between archaeology and history

This paper explores the relationship between the disciplines of archaeology and history through the lens of historical archaeology. This is not a unified subdiscipline and has indeed been defined in various ways. Here, the term will be used as a shorthand for (later) medieval, post-medieval and contemporary archaeologies.
 Historical archaeology is first and foremost archaeology focusing on material remains and producing knowledge claims about the past (history) from things. But it can complement and confront the data gleaned from the material sources with other types of evidence (textual, pictorial, oral), so it is an archaeology with texts. This represents a methodological and epistemological challenge. An uncritical reliance on textual information over the material has often been warned against as “the tyranny of the historical record”.
 Many (historical) archaeologists have been inspired by various historiographical concepts and approaches, such as cultural history, the Annales school of social and economic history, Braudel’s concept of the longue-durée, the history of the everyday (Alltagsgeschichte), and microhistory. Conversely, the knowledge produced by archaeologists tends to be disregarded by most historians. This is unfortunate, as the material evidence offers important insights into past lifeworlds and should not be ignored.

History of aviation physiology

Relevance. In studying the history of medical and biological disciplines, an important part is the identification of the stages of their formation and development. In this regard, it seems important to make a historical and scientific analytical review of the development of ideas about aviation physiology, covering different stages of the history of science and reflecting the contribution of researchers from different regions. It will be useful for teaching historical and scientific and special disciplines, as well as for researchers involved in the study of aviation physiology. The need to understand how the human body functions in flight arose along with the development of aeronautics. The study is devoted to the analysis of the main stages in the development of aviation physiology. The purpose of the study - to characterize the stages of formation and development of aviation physiology. Research methods. In preparing this publication, articles in publications included in the RSCI, PubMed, and Scopus were mainly used. Preference was given to materials published in the last 15 years. The main results present the stages of development of aviation physiology with a description of the contribution of the main researchers in this field. The achievements of domestic scientists, doctors, physiologists I.M. Sechenov, L.A. Orbeli, G.M. Zarakovsky are analyzed, their scientific priorities in the development of this scientific direction are presented. The process of formation and development of aviation physiology as a direction of biomedical knowledge is presented. Before the advent of aviation (19th century), hypoxia was studied in the study of balloon flights. With the advent of high-speed and maneuverable aircraft, aviation physiology began to study the body’s response to overloads caused by highly maneuverable flights. Conclusion . The development of aviation physiology can be divided into two stages. 1. Pre-aviation, within which the emergence of this area of medico-biological knowledge takes place. 2. Aviation, at this stage scientists have the opportunity to study different multidirectional overloads and their effect on the human body. Currently, aviation physiology is one of the important branches of physiology, aviation and space medicine.