Historical Context Research Articles

The Changing Role of the Architect from Craftsmanship to Artificial Intelligence Environment in Historical Context

Architects differentiated themselves from master builders, craftsmen, and engineers, acquiring a distinct identity, social status, and position with modernity. The observation of this study indicates the presence of signs that a similar radical change is beginning to emerge. The knowledge and skills that contemporary architects need to possess are diverging with the incorporation of systems such as artificial intelligence, metaverse, blockchain, machine learning, and digital twins into the process, thereby transforming the ways architects design and represent. In this context, the study attempts to identify changes in the architect's identity through the evolving role of the architect in the historical process. It concludes that the role of the architect throughout the historical process is not stable but subject to continuous and dynamic change.

Through a southern prism: translating Stuart Hall into Spanish

ABSTRACT Translation is an intellectual endeavour that requires engagement with authors and conceptual frameworks from different times and worlds. It is not a neutral or simple task of converting linguistic codes but a situated, partial, and interested process that goes beyond mere intellectual activity. In translating Stuart Hall into Spanish for a Latin American audience, specific challenges and interests arise, as detailed in this article. Three main challenges are discussed: preserving the contextuality and complexity of Hall's writings, resisting the temptation to simplify or academicize his work, and ensuring that translations facilitate meaningful cross-cultural exchanges. The article underscores the importance of understanding Hall's work as an intellectual and political project, deeply rooted in specific historical and cultural contexts, and argues for an approach to translation that remains faithful to these dimensions while making his ideas accessible and relevant to contemporary Latin American readers. Finally, the paper reflects on the political significance of translation, highlighting how ideas can transcend boundaries and enrich local debates. Hall's concepts, such as articulation, context, and conjuncture, are presented as valuable tools for understanding and intervening in the social and political realities of Latin America today. The article concludes by emphasizing the ongoing relevance of Hall's intellectual and political contributions and the need for translations that honour his legacy while engaging with the specific challenges and opportunities of our present moment.

Who is a Child and Who Can a Child Become: Recalling the Educational and Pro-social Achievements of Father Franciszek Blachnicki

The subject of the study described in this article is primarily the perception of a child by Father Franciszek Blachnicki (1921–1987), the founder of the Light-Life Movement, the Crusade for the Liberation of Man, and the Christian Service for the Liberation of Nations, among others. Based on an analysis of the works of this educator and theologian, his vision of childhood is also outlined. The research results have been supported by an appropriate structure for the article, which describes the methodological basis, places the research problems among the disciplines and subdisciplines of science, provides the basic concepts, and portrays Blachnicki in a broader historical context. The article also resolves research problems concerning his perception of a child and childhood (following the teachings of the Catholic Church) and his educational, pro-social and ethical suggestions addressed to contemporary people and found in his works.

Perceptions of improvements and mental health outcomes of micro-renewal in old Danwei community: a survey of residents in Hengyang, China

IntroductionDanwei communities are a testament to China’s socialist urban development, characterized by the self-sufficiency, strong social networks, and institutional management. In the historical context of urban development in China, many old communities have evolved from former housing areas of Danwei. After more than 40 years of use, the buildings, and environments in the old Danwei communities remain in disrepair, dirty, disorderly and poor condition. Many functions have failed that negatively affect the quality of life and health of residents. After Covid-19, improving the mental health of residents has become a major goal of public policies in various countries.MethodsTo explore the residents’ mental health in the micro-renewal, this study carried out a survey regarding residents’ evaluation on the micro-renewal and their mental health in two renewed Danwei communities in Hengyang, China. More than 800 respondents joined the interview, among them, 634 samples are effective for analysis. Entropy-TOPSIS is applied to analyze the weights of various indicators of micro-renewal. And multinominal logit model is used to examine the relationship between the personal factors, satisfaction on various items of micro-renewal and mental health.Results and DiscussionThe findings indicates that the mental health level of residents living in Danwei community is affected by micro-renewal. The socio-demographic characteristics and behavior factors can influence on the possibility of being in different levels of mental health. The satisfaction on the components of micro-renewal and improvements after micro-renewal is also determiner of residents’ mental health level. In addition, the heterogeneity is address in mental health.

Molecular theranostics: principles, challenges and controversies.

Theranostics is a new term for long-established principles in nuclear medicine. The generalisability of the term means there is a very broad use of the term across the medical literature, not all of which is consistent with the intent in nuclear medicine. The term molecular theranostics better reflects the philosophy and application in nuclear medicine. Even with a clearer definition, there are a number of challenges or controversies whose debate provides a richer understanding of the principles and applications of molecular theranostics. Radioiodine imaging and therapy of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer provide the historical context for theranostics. The prototype molecular theranostic is the 68Ga/177Lu DOTATATE pair that targets somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in neuroendocrine tumors. The potential value of precision medicine of radiation dosimetry in molecular theranostics needs a balanced discussion with limitations of reactive dosimetry and the opportunities for predictive or pre-treatment dosimetry. Despite challenges and limitations, molecular theranostics is a powerful tool in the precision medicine landscape. Molecular theranostics is a vehicle for improved outcomes in cancer patients with a future-facing portfolio of opportunities.

THE LOST GENERATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON LITERATURE AND CULTURE IN THE WAKE OF WORLD WAR I

The Lost Generation refers to a cohort of American writers who emerged in the aftermath of World War I, characterized by their disillusionment with traditional values and societal norms. This article examines the historical context surrounding the Lost Generation, highlighting how the war's brutality led to a profound sense of alienation and existential questioning among these writers. Key figures such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, and T.S. Eliot are discussed for their contributions to modernist literature, showcasing recurring themes of disillusionment, alienation, and the critique of the American Dream. The influence of the Lost Generation extends beyond literature into visual arts and music, reflecting broader cultural movements of the 1920s and 1930s. Ultimately, the legacy of the Lost Generation continues to resonate in contemporary literature and culture, offering insights into the human condition that remain relevant today.

Just a sprout: historical context shapes the current native plant materials market in the United States

Just a sprout: historical context shapes the current native plant materials market in the United States

Розлучення як духовно-етична проблема в контексті християнського вчення

As long as we remember humanity, we remember marriage as a component of this humanity. Different ideas about marriage form different practices of marriage formation, married life and marriage termination. Biblical practices of marriage are also considered in the context of Christian philosophy. The study presents a view of divorce in the Biblical context. In particular, attention is drawn to the position of Christ. The text of Matthew 19:9, where Jesus speaks of divorce, causes discussion primarily because there are differences in the parallel texts of the Gospel of Matthew and Luke. In addition, commentators and researchers interpret this text differently. The first aspect of the literature analysis and its results are interesting in their approach to interpretation and in the various conclusions. The context seems inappropriate at first glance and Matthew frames it this way for a reason. After all, in the issue of divorce, the question of forgiveness is not secondary. A significant part of the work is devoted to the word "debauchery" (gr. πορνείᾳ). Depending on the interpretation of this word, the view of Christ's words about divorce will also depend. And also, the parallel to the Old Testament laws and practices opens a picture of the broad actions of Jesus, who does not simply give advice for the future or create a new law. Jesus parries the interpretation of the law and practices of Israel and does not adapt to any of the schools of interpretation. The article includes the relevance of the study highlighting the problematic. Literature analysis, contextual analysis. Literary and lexical analysis reveals the broad meaning of the word "debauchery" and also shows the two-way responsibility in divorce, both husband and wife. Revealing the historical context and culturally shown practice of easy divorce, where Jesus acts as a complicating legislator.

The Effect of Grazing on Central Anatolian Steppe Vegetation: A Modeling Approach Using Functional Traits.

Grazing is a major ecological driver that influences vegetation dynamics globally. We investigated the long-term effects of different grazing regimes on the vegetation structure of the Central Anatolian steppes, a region characterized by its unique convergence of biogeographical influences and historical land use. We employed the spatially explicit FATELAND model to simulate vegetation dynamics over a 50-year period under three distinct grazing scenarios: no grazing, moderate grazing, and overgrazing. Our simulations incorporated a range of plant functional traits to predict changes across five different vegetation types in Central Anatolia, including woodland steppes and treeless steppes. The simulations revealed that moderate grazing supports the diversity and abundance of various plant functional groups, excluding resprouter trees, which flourish under no grazing conditions. In contrast, overgrazing leads to significant reductions in the abundance of perennial forbs and both spiny and non-spiny subshrubs, often resulting in a shift toward grassland dominated by resprouter gramineae or an annual herb-dominated grassland, depending on the initial abundance of gramineae. Our findings highlight the critical role of grazing management in maintaining biodiversity and ecological stability in steppe ecosystems. While moderate grazing can enhance plant functional group diversity, overgrazing significantly threatens the ecological integrity of the Central Anatolian steppes. In conclusion, our modeling approach reveals that the grazing regime is a major driver in shaping the vegetation structure of Central Anatolian steppes. Grazing management strategies that are adjusted to the ecological characteristics and historical context of specific regions are required to prevent degradation and promote sustainable grassland vegetation.

WHAT IS THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF A WORLD IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS?

This article delves into the fascinating world of cognitive linguistics, an interdisciplinary field that explores the intricate relationship between language, thought, and conceptualization. Like a vibrant tapestry woven with threads from cognition, pragmatics, and function, cognitive linguistics views language as a powerful cognitive tool, encoding and transmitting information through symbols and signs. Within the depths of the human mind, concepts take shape, forming a mosaic of interconnected ideas that find expression in the rich tapestry of language. Cultural experiences, customs, and historical contexts add hues and shades to this linguistic picture, creating a diverse and captivating conceptosphere that reflects the beauty and complexity of our shared human experience.

Political or Religious Policy? Indigenous Christian Education in the Dutch East Indies Era

This study is a textual analysis discussing the existence of Christian educational institutions for indigenous students under the Dutch colonial administration in the Dutch East Indies. The primary objective of this research is to examine the underlying motives behind the Dutch colonial government’s policies on Christian education for indigenous communities, specifically to determine whether these policies were politically or religiously motivated. Focusing on historical contexts, this research employs historical methods to reconstruct past events. The central question addressed is the Dutch colonial government’s main focus in shaping policies for Christian education through mission institutions for indigenous communities: whether these were driven by political interests or religious considerations. Data sources were obtained from literature and historical documents archived in data storage centers and libraries. The findings, using a structuration methodology, reveal a pragmatic dualism underlying the colonial government’s policies, which shifted according to the socio-political context.

이해중심 교육과정에 기반한 호주 자국어 교육과정 문학 영역의 교육 내용 분석

Objectives This study aims to identify the advantages and limitations that may arise when the Understanding by Design (UbD) framework is fully implemented in the literature domain of the Korean language curriculum by analyzing the educational content of the literature domain in the Australian national language curriculum based on the UbD framework. Methods For this purpose, I selected educational content combined with performance verbs related to understanding (explanation, interpretation, application, perspective, empathy, self-knowledge) provided by the UbD framework from the literature domain of the Australian national language curriculum (version 9.0). The selected content was then analyzed according to sub-domains of literature and types of understanding. Results In terms of sub-domains, cognitive activities were distributed as educational content, focusing on the exploration of literature represented in socio-cultural and historical contexts (<Literature and Context>), engagement and response to literature (<Engaging with and Responding to Literature>), multifaceted exploration of literary forms (<Examining Literature>), and the transfer of literary knowledge (<Creating Literature>). Regarding types of understanding, the content was designed to ‘explain’ the reasons and methods of appreciating literature, ‘interpret’ by attributing value to understanding literature, ‘apply’ literary knowledge appropriately in new contexts, form ‘perspectives’ by relationally expanding and refining understanding of literature, and develop ‘self-knowledge’ by reflecting on personal understanding of literature. Conclusions The advantage of this approach is that it allows for a meta-understanding of literature by using literature phenomena as the organizing principle of literature education content and promotes the formation of a knowledge repertoire for transfer based on conditional knowledge. However, a limitation is that literature education activities tend to be biased towards the generalization of knowledge.

The Ether Concept from Spanish Physics Textbooks (1840–1950)

AbstractThe presence of the ether concept in the contents of 73 Spanish physics textbooks (secondary and first course university level) published in the period 1840–1950 is studied. The textbooks are a specially interesting learning tool in the Spanish society of this period, due to the rural character of the country, the capacity of the textbooks for frequent and repeated use as well as for dissemination over the entire state. Particularly, the content about heat, light and electricity is investigated. Whether the concept of ether appears in the general principles of the textbooks or not is also studied. Moreover, the work considers the evolution of the concept of ether by decades, showing different examples of how the ether was used to explain different physics phenomena. Furthermore, the social and historical context in which the textbooks were developed is discussed in detail. Outstanding amongst the different conclusions that are drawn is the disappearance of the concept of the ether during the third and fourth decades of the twentieth century.

청양지역으로 본 백제 가마의 운영과 의미

Evidence has confirmed the existence of kiln sites that produced a variety of objects in the Cheongyang area over different periods. They are so large in numbers that they account for approximately 42% of the entire relics. There were especially many kiln sites built in the Cheongyang area because of its geographical conditions necessary for production and its historical context close to the capital city. All of the Baekje kiln sites were built in “Yeolgi-hyeon” and supplied necessary objects to the capital cities of Woongjin~Sabi. The kiln sites of Hagam-ri made and provided ceremonial pottery needed in the capital cities. Those of Gwanhyeon-ri and Wangjin-ri made and supplied roof-tiles representing each group. Those of Bonui-ri were characteristic in that they produced pedestals for Buddha statues. The Baekje kiln sites in the Cheongyang area were managed in three major ways including the production of roof-tiles along with pottery, the changing supply-demand relations, and the intentional transformation of roof-end tiles patterns. They were the results of flexible responses to roof-tiles demand in the composition and moving of the production group and the efficiency of kiln operation. Baekje built kiln sites in the Cheongyang area because the capital city lacked the conditions to build a production relic. The mountains around the capital city had tombs and fortresses built, and it was important to minimize the fire risk of the major buildings within the capital city walls. The opposite side of the Geumgang-River was thus highlighted as an important production site, and the Cheongyang area followed this historical context.

Tenth-century Hoard from the village of Korobkino in Kursk Province

In 1915, near the village of Korobkino, Kursk Province, a hoard of seven silver bracelets and a solid dating from 923–924 was found. The article determines its place in the historical and cultural context of both the region and Eastern Europe as a whole. It has been established that these decorations are not characteristic of the Romny antiquities. It is evident from the design of bracelets with tied ends and the use of thick wire, polyhedral in section. Gold coins were found mainly on the territory of Rus. The solid from Korobkino is the only find in the vast area of the Romny archaeological culture, which fact emphasizes the peculiarity of the complex. The author suggests dating the hoard within the second–third quarters of the 10th century AD. In general, its composition demonstrates the synthesis of northern (Scandinavia) and southern (Byzantium) contacts of the population of the emerging Rus culture. The owner of the hoard was related to the druzhina (prince’s retinue) layer of society. No other traces of such a distinct “Russian presence” concentrated in one complex have been found in the Severian land so far.

The Politics of Displays: Science and Technology Exhibitions in Cold War Japan

ABSTRACT This article investigates how science and technology, especially nuclear energy and space travel, materialised as concrete things and were embedded into everyday life through exhibitions and three-dimensional experiences in Japan during the cold war. In the historical and geopolitical context of Japan in the late 1950s and 1960s, the United States (US)–Japan alliance required that American propaganda agencies such as the US Information Service (USIS) in Japan operate effectively. To this end, science and technology were embodied as specific materials by being reproduced and circulated as tactile objects through exhibitions and displayable models, which formed a desirable environment that involved not only aesthetically attractive designs but also the implicative meanings of the geopolitical dynamics of the time. In particular, the article scrutinises how several exhibitions displayed new materiality in the form of miniatures and models under a newly proposed and constructed techno-environment. It does so by analysing records of exhibitions, expositions, and three-dimensional models that were displayed in Japan in the late 1950s and 1960s.

TRACKING THE FUTURE OF THE OCEAN FROM PERSPECTIVE PRESENT AND PAST HISTORY

This article aims to discuss the future history of the ocean from a past and present perspective, focusing on how historical patterns and current data can be used to predict future challenges and opportunities that marine ecosystems and coastal communities may face. Key questions explored in this study include the impact of climate change on marine biodiversity, the threat of plastic pollution, potential geopolitical conflicts in strategic sea lanes, as well as implications for maritime economics and food security. In terms of conceptual framework studies, this paper uses continuity theory and future uncertainty theory used to analyze the relationship between past changes, current conditions, and future potential in maritime ecosystems. In terms of methodology, the study will use qualitative methods through the analysis of marine history literature and maritime science, as well as the use of simulation methods and predictive models to study future trends. This article also applies maritime climate change theory, maritime geopolitical theory, and maritime economic sustainability theory to support discussions and predict possible future scenarios. The results of this study show that the future history of the ocean depends not only on scientific data but also on the understanding of historical and social contexts, which can help shape a more comprehensive and sustainable ocean management strategy.

Cultural Resonances and Stylistic Divergences: A Conceptual Study of Shi Guangnan’s 'Regret for the Past' and Rossini’s 'William Tell'

This paper explores the cultural resonances and stylistic divergences in the works of two influential composers, Shi Guangnan and Gioachino Rossini, focusing on Guangnan’s Regret for the Past and Rossini’s William Tell. By examining the cultural and historical contexts in which these pieces were composed, this study analyzes how both works reflect their respective national identities, emotional themes, and broader societal narratives. The paper delves into the structural and stylistic elements of each piece, comparing Guangnan’s use of traditional Chinese music with modern influences and Rossini’s operatic innovations within the Western classical tradition. Through this comparison, the study highlights how these composers navigate universal themes like regret, heroism, and nationalism. In addition, it suggests future research directions, including the exploration of other composers from diverse traditions, the analysis of universal themes in cross-cultural music, and the impact of digital technologies on global musical exchanges. This paper contributes to the growing field of cross-cultural musicology by providing new insights into the interplay between cultural identity and musical expression.

Examining the Effect of Resource Constraints on Teaching and Learning of Grade 12 Mathematics in Gauteng Community Learning Centres

The study focused on the effects of resource constraints on the teaching and learning of Grade 12 Mathematics in Gauteng Community Learning Centres (CLCs) in South Africa. It highlighted the historical and socio-economic context of apartheid and its enduring effects on educational inequalities. The lack of resources in CLCs, including substandard facilities, scarcity of teaching materials, and under-resourced teachers, was identified as a persistent issue. Grade 12 Mathematics is a vital subject for higher education and career paths, and proposed solutions include using deliverology and implementation science to mitigate these challenges.The methodology involved a multiple-case study design, with semi-structured interviews conducted with Grade 12 Mathematics teachers in CLCs in the Gauteng North region. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data gathered from the interviews. The findings highlighted a severe lack of resources in CLCs, reliance on out-dated and borrowed materials, and a heavy burden on teachers to supply resources. Challenges included limited access to basic materials, financial and logistical strains on teachers, and a negative impact on teaching quality. Furthermore, the implications of these findings suggest that addressing resource constraints through these frameworks could significantly enhance the quality of Mathematics education in CLCs. The study recommends a strategic approach using deliverology and implementation science, focusing on structured goal setting, capacity building, stakeholder engagement, continuous improvement, policy advocacy, and technology integration to improve Grade 12 Mathematics delivery. These recommendations are aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of resource constraints and improving the teaching and learning of Grade 12 Mathematics in CLCs.

Analyzing And Assessing the Translation of Quranic Terms based on the Tridimensional Exegetic Analysis Model, salah as a Case Study

The study investigates the hypothesis that there are certain conceptual gaps between the source and target concepts and proposes a translation strategy to avoid that distortion of the intended meanings. It starts from the premise that producing a high-quality translation of Quranic concepts could be attained if the distinctive features of source and target concepts are delimited based on an onomasiological terminological approach and a tri-dimensional textual approach. The objective is to assess an equivalent of a Qur’anic term based on its conceptual match or mismatch with the source concept and to propose improved versions that meet the needs of readers of Quranic translations irrespective of their cultural backgrounds. Thus, after attaining the conceptual delimitation of the Quranic concept of salah, an analysis is conducted to check whether its features are well conveyed in the equivalent “prayer”. Salah is delimited in the Quran (intratextuality), Sunnah (intertextuality), and the historical sociocultural contexts (contextuality).