Historical Context Research Articles

Black Meta Mode

This paper explores metamodernism traced via the Black Diaspora, providing theoretical foundations, historical context, and visions for its application in contemporary society. Serving as an abridged introduction to the concept of Black Metamodernism, and contextualizing it within the broader metamodern project, I begin with the “Black Metamodernist Manifesto,” outlining core principles and underlining its role as a socio-political movement fostering the integration of cognitive dissonance through diunital, both-and cognition. I posit that Black metamodernism utilizes diunital vision-logic to integrate cognitive differences, offering a pathway to Black Liberation and beyond. I contextualize metamodernism as Black beyond Race, positioning it as a tool for embodiment amidst contemporary societal contradictions. The paper culminates in a call for a Black Metamodern Aesthetic, a culturally functional artistic expression rooted in survival with socio-economic, and geo-political awareness.

RACISM IN FOOTBALL: CONTRADICTIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FROM THE REGENCY IN THE PEDAGOGICAL RESIDENCE PROGRAM

This abstract exposes racism in football in a discriminatory way, with its implications in conscious or unconscious practices (Almeida, 2019). The topic was addressed in the training of students through Physical Education (PE) classes, in the Pedagogical Residency Program (PRP), of the Federal University of Alagoas - Arapiraca Campus, at the Aurino Maciel Field School, of the state network, in the city of Arapiraca-AL. General objective: to work on racism in football, with a view to overcoming racial discrimination in the social sphere. Specific objectives: to combat the different forms of prejudice existing in football practices; to identify stereotypes and position oneself critically in the face of prejudiced behavior; to respect the diversity of gender, ethnicity, among others. Methodology: approach of Critical-Overcoming PE (Coletivo de Autores, 2012) and method of social praxis of Historical-Critical Pedagogy (Saviani, 2021). Taking social practice as a starting and finishing point, starting from everyday practice and equipping students, aiming for catharsis (incorporation of the constituent elements of sports practice). Activities developed: seminars, guided study, individual and group work, and practical classes with simulations of racist acts. Conclusions: racism was and still is very present in our society, and this becomes contradictory due to the existing measures to criminalize this behavior. People still insist on committing acts of racial discrimination, through gestures towards athletes. Finally, we conclude that soccer was developed within a historical context marked by racial prejudice.

How does colonial history matter for expatriate adjustment? The case of Brazilians in Portugal

AbstractThe literature on expatriation typically assumes that cultural and institutional familiarity facilitates expatriate adjustment. This assumption underplays the role of the historical context, especially the influence of painful colonial pasts that often lie beneath such familiarity. In addition, seeking to capture expatriate adjustment as a single measure, such literature does not engage with the differences in the extent to which expatriates achieve cognitive, behavioral, and affective adjustment. Using a qualitative study addressing the work experiences of Brazilians living in Portugal, we argue that to fully understand expatriate adjustment, we must pay attention to the historical colonial relationship between the expatriate’s home and host country. Specifically, we discuss the importance of social representations of history for how expatriates narrate, interpret, and act in response to their experiences. Our research makes two theoretical contributions. First, we explain how historical colonial relationships affect expatriate adjustment and how this leads to adjustment only being partial. Second, we develop a nuanced understanding of expatriate adjustment by drawing attention to its three interdependent dimensions (cognitive, behavioral, and affective), showing that an expatriate may be well adjusted in one dimension but less adjusted in another. We call for organizations to engage more, and more critically, with history.

Türkiye's responses to the 2023 earthquakes: An application of family adjustment and adaptation response model

AbstractAfter devastating earthquakes struck Türkiye in February 2023, the country faced the challenge of addressing the psychosocial needs of the survivors. This article uses the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response (FAAR) model to conceptualize Türkiye's responses to the earthquakes in terms of its demands (i.e., cumulative strains and current stressors), capabilities (i.e., existing resources and coping mechanisms), and meaning/belief systems (i.e., shared meaning, religion/spirituality, and positive outlook/hope). A historical context is provided to better understand the cumulative tensions and resilience of the country, seeking ways to strengthen effective crisis responses in anticipation of an even bigger earthquake in the coming years. Additionally, this article may spark a conversation among family practitioners in different countries about how to collaborate on mobilizing resources during challenging times.

O CRESCIMENTO DAS MULHERES EM CARGOS DE LIDERANÇA NA ÚLTIMA DÉCADA EM PERNAMBUCO

The article discusses the growth of female leadership in Pernambuco in recent years, driven by public policies and business initiatives. From projects like #TáComElas, which train women for leadership positions, to the inclusion of women in executive roles in large companies, there is a positive movement towards gender equality. However, wage disparity persists, with women earning on average 78% of men's salaries in similar positions. The theoretical foundation explores the historical and cultural context of women's integration into the workforce, the role of public policies and private initiatives promoting female leadership, and the challenges women still face, such as cultural biases and difficulties balancing personal and professional life. Studies indicate that women's participation in leadership roles is on the rise, but challenges remain. Practical examples, such as those of Laís Xavier and Taciana Medeiros, highlight the relevance and impact of female leadership in the state. The methodology includes exploratory research based on journalistic reports and interviews with women in leadership positions. The interviewees share their career paths, emphasizing the importance of perseverance and the constant pursuit of growth. Lastly, the case study presents the experiences of two businesswomen from Pernambuco, Elaine Ferreira and Juliana Werner, who discuss their success stories and the challenges they face in their respective fields.

Evolution of Azerbaijani science fiction and emergency of Emin Mahmudov’s works

The evolution of science fiction literature in Azerbaijan has been characterized by a delayed emergence compared to European, American, and Russian counterparts. Despite this initial lag, Azerbaijani science fiction writers have made commendable strides, drawing influence from both global and local literary traditions. This article explores the historical context and thematic concerns of Azerbaijani science fiction literature, analyzing the impact of influential global authors on Azerbaijani writers and examining the stylistic elements present in their works. Additionally, the article delves into the life and career of Emin Mahmudov (1925-2010), a prominent Azerbaijani writer celebrated for his contributions to the genre. Mahmudov’s vivid imagination, intellectual depth, and exploration of cosmic themes have left an indelible mark on Azerbaijani literature. Through an exploration of Mahmudov’s works, such as “Prisoners of Neptune” and “Turbulence,” which delve into existential questions amidst rapid cosmic voyages, this article sheds light on the unique trajectory of science fiction literature in Azerbaijan and its broader significance within the global literary landscape.

Effectiveness of History and Cultures Curriculum for Students’ Parents and Preschool Teachers

This research explores the critical need to integrate history and culture into preschool education, an area often overlooked in educational policy discussions. Drawing from the insights of Chinese history and culture curriculum in primary, secondary, and university levels, this study addresses the deficiencies in preschool education reform and policy. The study emphasizes the value of incorporating historical and cultural by Lee, W. O., Hao, N., & Zhou, Q. (2020), highlighting aspects such as cultivating aesthetic taste, showcasing cultural characteristics, and fostering cultural inheritance. The paper delves into the significance of history and culture curriculum in preschool education, focusing on children's development, patriotism, social fairness and justice, cultural inheritance, and unity between heaven and man for a harmonious life. Based on Piaget's child development theory and Confucianism's foundational principles, it elucidates the importance of aligning preschool education with cultural and historical contexts. Given preschool children's limited understanding and cognitive abilities regarding history and culture, the study proposes methods for integrating these themes into pre-education. It advocates for policy reforms in preschool education, emphasizing curriculum guidelines that reflect philosophical, psychological, pedagogical, sociological, and anthropological dimensions. Through a case study at Grace School in Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province, China, employing survey methods and case analysis, the research outlines goals for preschool history and culture curriculum. It incorporates Confucian concepts such as "harmony without diversity" and "endless life" to guide curriculum design and implementation, addressing evaluation criteria and curriculum content (Bahtilla, M., & Xu, H. 2021). In conclusion, the paper stresses the necessity of enhancing theoretical research levels in preschool education history and culture curriculum, advocating for improved training and implementation strategies. It envisions a collaborative effort among families, schools, and communities to foster continuous cultural learning and development among children.

A scoping review of global patterns in reporting race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion in palliative care randomized controlled trials: Recommendations for transparency.

Though randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological palliative care interventions have shown positive outcomes, findings are often generalized with limited consideration for the impact of the influence of race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion on said outcomes. To identify trends and gaps in global reporting of racial, ethnic, nationality, and religious demographics in non-pharmacological palliative care randomized controlled trials. We conducted a scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs methodology. Global randomized controlled trials published in English, between 1999 and 2021 extracted from databases: Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were non-pharmacological palliative care interventions for people with serious conditions reporting on one or more of the demographics of race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion. Our review included 131 (44%) articles published from 19 countries, predominantly the USA (n = 84, 64%). Most studies focused on cancer (n = 71, 54%) in inpatient settings (n = 85, 64%). Race was the most commonly reported demographic (n = 93, 70%), followed by ethnicity (n = 54, 41%), religion (n = 46, 35%), nationality (n = 20, 15%). Within racial reporting, 86 (92%) indicating a majority White/Caucasian sample. Only 14 (10%) articles provided context connecting participant demographics to intervention outcomes. Demographic data was discussed only as a limitation to generalizability in 18 cases (41%). Improving greater transparency in study reporting of social and historical context about population demographics, including specific demographic data collected, may better identify unmet palliative needs, facilitate cross-cultural interpretation, and improve adaptation and implementation of non-pharmacological palliative care interventions.

Similar Foci, Different Lenses: Literacy Education Beliefs and Practices of Chinese and U.S. Teachers

The differences in literacy education practices between China and the United States are often attributed to their different educational, sociocultural, and historical contexts. However, this sweeping view offers little to help literacy educators in both countries understand the beliefs behind literacy instructional practices and how different or similar these beliefs are. This study examines key characteristics of how Chinese (n=40) and U.S. (n=44) literacy teachers (Pre-K-8th grade) articulate their beliefs about literacy education, delineating their differences and similarities. An inductive content analysis of teachers’ self-reported written narratives about their beliefs and practices in literacy education, along with double coding, reveal that the teachers’ espoused disciplinary beliefs focus on similar themes for the most part. However, their lenses were markedly different, tinted by both the substance and style of their literacy instruction contexts, as well as their cultural epistemological foundations. Inconsistencies between teachers’ beliefs and practices manifested differently in the two groups, but they reflected similar sources. Understanding these varying and nuanced beliefs in cross-cultural contexts can inform teacher education and education reform and counter the insularity of educational research.

Audience Data and Editorial Decision-Making: Evolution and Applications of Web Analytics in Newsrooms

ABSTRACT As web analytics become increasingly common in newsrooms worldwide, it is imperative to understand how they are employed to meet news organizations’ journalistic and business goals. This study examines the evolution and applications of web analytics in newsrooms through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature. It situates the rise of web analytics in the larger historical, social, and financial context. It explores the strategies news organizations adopt to integrate web analytics in news production. After discussing the impact of analytics on news production, the project juxtaposes the pessimistic ethical concerns—primarily the prediction of market logic uprooting journalistic logic—surrounding the use of web analytics in newsrooms with ground realities. Finally, in view of the analysis, we reflect on the ethical concerns against analytics, the state of editorial autonomy in newsrooms, the implications of newly empowered audience for news ecosystem, and conclude with a practical view of analytics in newsrooms.

Prosper’s Law: putting the lex back into orandi and credendi

Abstract This article demonstrates the centrality of ‘law’ to the famous dictum of Prosper of Aquitaine, lex orandi lex credendi. In its various appearances since the fifth century AD, the relationship in Prosper’s dictum between worship and belief has been, at best, assumed. I propose that the nature of that relationship is actually explicit in the dictum itself. That is, Prosper’s invocation of law—‘lex’. In particular, I demonstrate the importance of that term from a modern and an ancient perspective: the modern notion of speech-act theory; and the historical context of the Codex Theodosius, newly promulgated at the time of Prosper’s writing. From those perspectives, Prosper’s dictum is newly perceived as words which do things. It is both an example of heresiology and also seeks to establish the law. On the one hand, there appears to be a normativity newly prescribed for doctrine (credendi) following the lead of worship (orandi). On the other hand, I argue that Prosper’s prescription is for something more lively than ‘mere’ ritual normativity, namely established custom. This, as I will show, emerges from the contribution of the familiar Roman pair ius and lex.

The Past, Present and Future of Voter ID in Great Britain—Voter Turnout, Rejection and Confidence

AbstractThis article examines the implementation of voter identification at polling stations for elections in Great Britain, in particular following the passage of the Elections Act 2022. For this purpose it groups the affected and most significant elections into four chronological studies. These are, first, the initial pilot schemes conducted in 2018 and 2019, second, the May 2023 local elections in England, third, the 10 parliamentary by-elections held in Great Britain between July 2023 and May 2024, and fourth, the July 2024 UK General Election which marked by far the biggest test of the new requirements. The article examines the historical context and key statutory provisions which introduced voter ID, before analysing the respective studies relying on official Electoral Commission and UK Parliament data, as well as data gathered by volunteer organisations and the author’s own observations at polling stations. For this purpose, the case studies focus on the issues of voter turnout, rejection and confidence, as these are easily quantifiable measures which can assist with the legal analysis. As such, the article assesses the legality of voter identification laws in the UK, in particular from a human rights perspective, arguing that the implementation of voter ID has been problematic from the outset. Data produced after the elections raises further questions over the necessity and proportionality of the measures, suggesting that further reforms are needed if the policy is to remain in place.

From ink to influence: analyzing the impact of media translations in late Qing China through media system dependency theory

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of periodicals in late Qing China through Media System Dependency theory. It emphasizes the synergy between media and translation studies, exploring how this combination influenced public discourse and catalyzed social reforms. It also focuses on how periodicals – as exclusive access to foreign knowledge – created a dependency among readers. This exclusivity and dependency empowered these publications to shape the intellectual and cultural milieu through strategically embedded translations. After analyzing cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects, this study demonstrates how media messages, particularly translations, introduced progressive concepts and advocated for social reforms, ultimately driving social and cultural shifts. By applying Media System Dependency theory, this study underlines the role of media as an agent of social change, extending insights beyond the historical context of late Qing China to contemporary media dynamics. This interdisciplinary approach contributes to a deeper appreciation of how media and translations collectively function as catalysts for cultural exchange and social transformation.

The Acculturation of Pakistanis in Singapore

ABSTRACT This article explores the process of acculturation for Pakistanis in Singapore and their later generation descendants from the country’s colonial period to the present day, focusing on the complexities brought about by migration, colonialism, and nationhood. It analyses how the historical context, namely Singapore’s unique position as a multicultural British colony situated in the Malay peninsula has shaped the experiences of this diaspora community in a variety of ways. Using qualitative research methods and employing cross-cultural psychologist John Berry’s acculturation strategies and multicultural adaptation hypothesis, the article argues that the acculturation process has been facilitated by the sense of cultural and socio-economic security among Pakistani immigrants and their families, amidst evolving political developments and top-down policies during Singapore’s transition from a British colony to an independent nation. The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of diaspora experiences in multicultural societies and provide insights into the complex dynamics of acculturation in a rapidly changing social context.

Creating Industrial Ecosystems as a Tool for Anti-Crisis Management

In the current economic climate, the Russian industrial sector needs significant structural reform to facilitate its transition to a new, more advanced technological level. To achieve this goal, it is recommended to introduce new management tools, one of which is the establishment of industrial ecosystems.The purpose of the article is to prove that industrial ecosystems have a positive effect on the sustainable development of the Russian economy, especially during economic crises.The subject of the study includes industrial ecosystems as a crucial tool for managing economic crises. It also explores the historical context of industrial collaboration and the formation of clusters during economic downturns. This paper explores two industries that have been significantly affected by recent economic crises: pharmaceutical and automobile manufacturing. It is shown that during times of crisis, some industries develop characteristics similar to ecosystems. The authors propose a method for analysing and evaluating the performance of industrial ecosystems.The theoretical and practical significance of the study of this study lies in identifying the key factors that contribute to the development of effective industrial ecosystems. Furthermore, it aims to develop a trustworthy tool for evaluating their influence on socio-economic processes. The establishment of industrial symbioses is seen not only as a way to overcome economic crises but also as the foundation for the strategic long-term development of the Russian economy.

Contested Pasts and Mythic History: Formerly Enslaved Women, Francis Pickens, and the Federal Writer’s Project

ABSTRACT This article offers a unique examination of the 1930s Federal Writers’ Project interviews, focusing on the narratives of three formerly enslaved women – Matilda Brooks, Carrie Nancy Fryer, and Rachel Sullivan. They share the experience of having been enslaved by the same man, Francis W. Pickens, on his South Carolinian plantations. Through the lens of these narratives, the article investigates the complex interplay between personal memory and historical context, acknowledging the inherent challenges these accounts present due to their creation during the racially prejudiced era of the Jim Crow South and the economic hardship of the Depression. These interviews provide a singularly concentrated insight into the contest over the enslaved experience between those enslaved, their interlocuters, and their enslaver.

Spatial Remodeling of Industrial Heritage from the Perspective of Urban Renewal: A Case Study of Coal Mine Site in Jiaozuo City

Resource-oriented cities are faced with the problems of the decline of traditional industries, exhaustion of resources, and wastage of space. Faced with these problems, urban renewal has become an important role and is widely used in the reuse of old and abandoned spaces. As a historical witness of the industrial revolution and urbanization process, coal mine industrial heritage not only has the value of material heritage but also carries rich historical and cultural information. However, with the adjustment of industrial structure, much coal mine industrial heritage has gradually lost its original production function and become neglected idle space in cities, and industrial buildings and equipment in these spaces have been abandoned or dismantled. The study takes the Wangfeng Mine site in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province as an example, combined with the urban development history and current situation of Jiaozuo city, it discusses the remodeling strategy of industrial heritage space from the perspective of urban renewal. Firstly, through case analysis, historical data sorting, and field research, the study integrated the historical development context of the Jiaozuo coal mine site and its impact on the urban spatial pattern, secondly, discussed the practical problems in the reuse process of industrial sites, and finally proposed specific spatial remodeling strategies based on the conjugation theory. This included determining how to deal with the three pairs of conjugated relations between protection and development, function and ecology, and history and modernity so as to make the spatial remodeling strategy of industrial sites more scientific and sustainable. To promote the sustainable and healthy development of urban industrial heritage space.

Essential lessons from an unpromising source: what reformers can learn from the Philippines on corruption control

PurposeCorruption control in the Republic of the Philippines (RP) has hardly failed, but it is not (yet) a success story either. Dramatic “people power” episodes have occurred, but populism has also, at times, led to repression. Still, essential reform lessons are available.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual reassessment of corruption control. Central concerns include the types of corruption experienced in the country, incentives that might sustain collective action, the need to measure both corruption and reform, and linking reform to citizens’ quality of life.FindingsTop-down, whole-country approaches to reform often treat corruption as if it were the same everywhere, thereby emphasizing “best practices”. However, that can be misleading: a best practice in one society might be irrelevant, impossible, or harmful in another. Contemporary reformers must carefully examine the historical, social, economic, and political contexts, as well as the consequences of corruption. Groups and activities seemingly unrelated to corruption control can prove essential. Reformers must fight corruption with people, not for them.Originality/valueThe ultimate goal of reform must be justice: redressing imbalances of power while building social and political trust.

Review on flow separation control: effects of excitation frequency and momentum coefficient

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the studies and research conducted on flow separation control on lifting surfaces. In this paper, two critical parameters, namely, the momentum coefficient and excitation frequency, that significantly impact flow separation control are analyzed in detail. Through a comprehensive literature review, experimental and numerical studies are examined in order to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of momentum injection and excitation frequency on the shear layer and wake dynamics and to quantify the impact of these parameters on the flow separation control. Effective flow control on lifting surfaces can modify the streamlines and pressure distribution, thereby increasing their aerodynamic efficiency. This paper focuses on the control of flow separation on airfoils, with particular attention paid to the benefits of such control, including lift enhancement, drag reduction, aerodynamic efficiency enhancement, performance enhancement, and other important features. This paper presents a review of studies that have employed blowing actuators, as well as zero net mass flux, plasma, and acoustic actuators, in order to provide an appropriate historical context for recent developments. The findings of this review paper will contribute to a better understanding of the optimal conditions for efficient flow separation control on lifting surfaces using unsteady excitation, which can have significant implications for improving the performance and efficiency of various aerodynamic applications. This paper aims to elucidate and emphasize the positive and negative aspects of existing research, while also suggesting new interesting areas for future investigation.

MODEL FOR ADMINISTRATIVE SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN A MUNICIPALITY

Administrative security is critical to the effective functioning of government organisations. It is an attest component of governance and plays a key role in protecting public institutions. Bulgaria, with its distinctive geopolitical and historical context, represents a unique environment for exploring the conceptuality of administrative security and its functionality. Understanding and assessing administrative security is essential for the development and stability of the country.