History Conference Research Articles

Nationalized Nature on Picture Postcards: Subtexts of Tourism from an Environmental Perspective

Abstract Tourism is an important part of many national economies in Europe and beyond. Tourism imagery is a reflection of national environmental values and national claims upon nature. Postcards are a good example for the use of images in environmental history, and an important medium of tourist discourse. They are designed to sell tourist dreams about landscapes. In some ways, they are very uniform. They depict blue skies, green meadows, mountains, snow, whatever is to be sold as typical to the paying user. This uniformity is paradoxical, as what tourist destinations are striving to sell is their uniqueness. Upon close study, differences are revealed within the uniformity. Cards are full of national symbols and make claims about national natures. National styles of depicting nature have developed alongside increasingly targeted destination marketing. At a recent environmental history conference, a panel asked if nations had a place in environmental history. This paper argues, as did Ted Steinberg in his book on the history of the lawn in the U.S.A., that, for some topics, national boundaries do matter in environmental history. National styles are part of the socio-cultural legacies of different countries. Humans play a special role in picture postcards, being either sold as decorative “natives” to enhance the card’s picturesque appeal, or depicted as model tourists showing the proper use of the landscape portrayed, be it eating shrimp, mountaineering, or boating and fishing. The present paper uses postcards from several European countries to discuss national natures in comparison. The development of statements about national natures over time is interesting, as picture postcards do echo environmental values in different countries. The paper employs picture postcards to show how the environment was and is constructed for tourist use and for purposes of national interest. Postcards transmit environmental values. Since these are also national values, looking at cards reveals what may be a hidden agenda of difference within a politically but not culturally unified Europe.

The Accidental Business Historian

I want to begin with an apology to Anne Tyler, whose title I have so blatantly misappropriated. The idea of the accidental business historian has appealed to me for a long time, and I thought maybe Tyler's book also could provide a pithy lesson.1 Although a few of Macon Leary's character traits did strike a little close to home—there was a time, early in my career, that I would have considered multitasking by doing my laundry under foot while taking a shower—Macon's story is different from mine, except for the fact that we discovered our careers by accident. But more about that shortly. Over the past few weeks I have enjoyed reading or rereading every presidential address given at the Business History Conference (BHC) since 1975, when the organization began publishing them regularly.2 They tend to be quite serious, and most of them stand very well the test of time. In his 1975 address, Herman Krooss commented on the genre: Presidential addresses that I have heard and observed come in four guises: What the discipline has done to me; What I have done to

Call for Papers – Asia‐Pacific Economic and Business History Conference 2008

Australian Economic History ReviewVolume 47, Issue 3 p. 335-336 Call for Papers – Asia-Pacific Economic and Business History Conference 2008 First published: 07 October 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8446.2007.00223_1.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue3November 2007Pages 335-336 RelatedInformation

The Origins of the Edinburgh Law School: the Union of 1707 and the Regius Chair

* Professor of Legal History, University of Edinburgh. I am grateful to the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland, the Keeper of the Advocates’ Library, the Keeper of the Records of Scotland, the Keeper of Muniments, University of St Andrews Library, the Archivist of the City of Edinburgh, and the Librarian and Archivist of the University of Edinburgh for permission to cite and quote from unpublished materials in their care. I am also grateful to Sir Robert Clerk of Penicuik and the Earl of Mar and Kellie for similar permission concerning their family papers deposited in the National Archives of Scotland. Other than the occasional separate item, or when otherwise indicated, citations to papers in the National Library are to MSS or charters in the Paul and Erskine Murray Papers. Various earlier versions of this article were delivered at the Thirteenth British Legal History Conference, Cambridge, 2-5 July 1997, at a seminar on Law and Scottish Studies, University of Glasgow, 20 October 2006, at the Conference of the American Society for Legal History, Baltimore, 16-18 November 2006, and as a Tercentenary Lecture in the School of Law of the University of Edinburgh on 9 February 2007. Dates are given with the year beginning on 1 January as was Scottish practice. In quotations from manuscripts, original spelling is preserved, but contractions are usually silently expanded. A. INTRODUCTION B. EARLIER VIEWS ON THE FOUNDING OF THE CHAIR C. POLITICAL PATRONAGE D. THE ROLE OF WILLIAM CARSTARES E. THE NEED FOR A CHAIR IN LAW F. THE DISCIPLINE OF THE CHAIR G. THE IDEA OF IUS PUBLICUM H. IUS PUBLICUM IN SCOTLAND I. THE CHOICE OF ARESKINE J. ARESKINE’S QUALIFICATIONS K. ARESKINE’S INITIAL APPOINTMENT L. ARESKINE’S LEGAL EDUCATION M. ARESKINE’S FURTHER TRAVELS N. ARESKINE’S TENURE OF THE CHAIR O. CONCLUSION The Origins of the Edinburgh Law School: the Union of 1707 and the Regius Chair

Celebrating Peggy Papp and Olga Silverstein

Editor's Note: On May 18, 2007, the Ackerman Institute for the Family and the Hunter School of Social Work held a historic conference in honor of the multidecade contributions to family therapy theory and practice of Peggy Papp and Olga Silverstein.1 As chair of this notable event, I opened the conference with a retrospective of the work of Papp and Silverstein, placing their ideas in the larger context of our field. My remarks follow.

Inaugural Sir Timothy Coghlan Prize Winner: Best Paper published in AEHR 2006 • Blackwell Publishing Conference Paper Prize: Asia‐Pacific Economic and Business History (APEBH) Conference 2007 • 2006 McComish Prize for Economic History • Bruce McComish Fund for Economic History: Essay competition prize winner • Bruce McComish Fund for Economic History: Doctoral Student sponsorship

Inaugural Sir Timothy Coghlan Prize Winner: Best Paper published in AEHR 2006 • Blackwell Publishing Conference Paper Prize: Asia‐Pacific Economic and Business History (APEBH) Conference 2007 • 2006 McComish Prize for Economic History • Bruce McComish Fund for Economic History: Essay competition prize winner • Bruce McComish Fund for Economic History: Doctoral Student sponsorship

Asia‐Pacific Economic and Business History Conference 2008: Responses to Environmental Change

Australian Economic History ReviewVolume 47, Issue 2 p. 215-216 Asia-Pacific Economic and Business History Conference 2008: Responses to Environmental Change First published: 07 June 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8446.2007.00207.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue2July 2007Pages 215-216 RelatedInformation

EMS Today Turns 25: Baltimore hosts successful & historic conference

EMS Today Turns 25: Baltimore hosts successful & historic conference

The Age of Reform: A Defense of Richard Hofstadter Fifty Years On

When we attend academic history conferences, it has become common to hold sessions honoring important books of the moment. This makes considerable sense, as authors get to engage with thoughtful critics in a process that, we hope, advances the discipline.What, then, might be the point of holding a session in honor of a book published long ago—indeed, one as ancient as fifty years old? The minimalist reason might be that we are historians, and so we naturally look to the past for interest and inspiration. That would make sense, except that historians, ironically more than scholars in related disciplines, tend to cannibalize their predecessors. Sociologists, of course, still actively engage Weber, Durkheim and Marx, and even—looking to the American midcentury— Richard Hofstadter's Columbia University colleagues, C. Wright Mills and Robert Merton.

A View from the Classroom: Film & History Conference

A View from the Classroom:Film & History Conference Jessica Schoenbaechler Scholars and practitioners poked, prodded, dissected and analyzed issues relating to film and history—from recent boy bands to documentary classics—at the fourth Film & History Biennial Conference in Dallas, Texas, which ran from November 8 to 12. Hosted by Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies and sponsored by The Center for the Study of Film and History, the conference drew an international attendance of scholars, students, editors, filmmakers, writers and historians for five days of academic paper presentations, film screenings and question and answer sessions. Noteworthy speakers included Raymond Fielding, Dean Emeritus at Florida State University Film School; filmmakers [End Page 9] Chris Hegedus and DA Pennebaker; and Betsy McLane, former executive director of IDA and co-author, with Jack Ellis, of A New History of Documentary Film. Known for his instruction at UCLA, Temple University, University of Iowa, University of Houston and Florida State University, Professor Fielding has published books on The March of Time and the history of American newsreels, and has served as vice president of Zoetrope Studios, founded by his former student, Francis Ford Coppola. "Despite what poets say, the truth is not necessarily beautiful, nor does it set us free," said Fielding in his introduction to several March of Time newsreels. "Truth tells us who we are, why things fit and why they're not working out the way they're supposed to." According to Fielding, The March of Time, despite being scorned by print journalists, was often the only photographic representation of historic and controversial events from 1936-1951, and had tremendous impact on how people saw the world. The series, which included re-enactments and hidden cameras, was actually banned from Germany, Japan, Russia, Italy and Spain, and was censored in several democratic countries. Fielding highlighted "Inside Nazi Germany" (1935) and segments on Louisiana politician Huey Long; the last public executioner using the guillotine in France; and a humorous piece from 1936 on a Princeton student group, the Veterans of Future Wars, whose mission was to obtain bonus pay upfront for their certain draft into World War II. Pennebacker and Hegedus discussed their 30-year partnership with clips from Dont Look Back (1967), Monterey Pop (1968), The War Room (1993), Startup.com (2001) and Al Franken: God Spoke (2006). Pennebaker fondly recalled the homemade camera rig he first used, which was the size of a small typewriter, held 10 minutes of film, and required constant monitoring for telltale sounds of the end of the roll."We shot 35 hours for The War Room versus 400 hours for Startup.com," said Pennebaker. "You don't have to worry about the roll running out, but then you've got the burden of overabundance. It requires a totally different process of editing." Other screenings included Glen Marcus' The March of the Bonus Army (2006), a documentary about the 1932 march of World War I veterans demanding payment of compensation promised for war service, and Strong Enough to Break (2006), Ashley Greyson's documentary about the band Hanson's three-year struggle with its record label and its decision to start its own label. Allen Mondell and Cynthia Salzman Mondell of Dallas-based Media Projects, Inc. opened the conference with a discussion of the films they have made together over the past 30 years, including Sisters of '77. Also known as The Spirit of Women, the 2004 film received a CINE Golden Eagle and a Telly Award, and aired on PBS' Independent Lens. The filmmakers were introduced by Bart Weiss, director of the Video Association of Dallas. With up to ten different theme-based panel presentations happening at any given time, conference goers often had difficulty deciding which to attend. Topics included individual auteurs, films and film movements; pedagogy, ethics, genres, hybrid forms and the history of film; and issues of the environment, war and minority populations. I attended several of the panel discussions about environmental issues and films, including Hanna Musiol's "Primitive Environments in Robert and Francis Flaherty's Documentaries," in which she pointed out the ways that images of people and the environment are often embedded with the filmmaker...

'Dublin is also in great need of a library which shall be at once accessible to the public and contain a good supply of modern and foreign books': Dublin's nineteenth-century 'public' libraries

This article addresses the 'public' library facilities available in Dublin, Ireland's principal city, in 1850, how these facilities improved in subsequent decades (if at all) and attempts to identify the reasons why Dublin had to wait until 1884 for its first tax-supported, 'free' public library. A version of this paper was first presented at the Fourth Anglo-German Library History Conference, held at the British Library, September 2005. The theme of the conference was 'Libraries and Innovation'.

Innovation and ideology: Walter Hofmann's library work in Dresden-Plauen and Leipzig

Born in Dresden in 1879, the son of an artisan engraver, Walter Hofmann became one of the most innovative and influential, but also most controversial, librarians in early twentieth-century Germany. Hoffman entered librarianship having been commissioned by Ida Bienert, the wife of a wealthy manufacturer, to plan, organize and manage a public library for the inhabitants of Dresden-Plauen, a district of Dresden. The library opened in 1906. The following year Hofmann began to publish his 'pilot' ideas, which soon attracted the attention of professional colleagues. In 1913 the City of Leipzig entrusted him with the responsibility of building a city library system, which allowed him to test his library model on a larger scale. At the same time he began to extend his influence on German librarianship, an influence which continued to increase until the 1930s. His aggressive commitment, his tendency to be polemical, and his authoritarian personality, as well as his inventiveness and knowledge as an expert, made him extremely successful. But these qualities also resulted in factional conflict, the so-called 'Richtungsstreit'. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Hofman tried to save as much as possible of his achievements, but was forced to retire when his protector, the mayor of Leipzig, Carl Goerdeler, fell from power in 1937. Hofmann passed away in Leipzig in 1952, without having regained his former importance, although his ideas retained a strong following until the 1960s. A critical evaluation of his life's work reveals that his interpretation of education and cultural enrichment was not particularly original and was deeply rooted in nineteenth-century thinking. Hofmann was an ambivalent figure who liked to behave as a reformer but who was in fact, ultimately, a 'conservative revolutionary'. A version of this paper was first presented at the Fourth Anglo-German Library History Conference, held at the British Library, September 2005. The theme of the conference was 'Libraries and Innovation'.

Trans-Tasman Labour History: Comparative or Transnational?

Three glorious summer days and the hospitality of the Auckland University of Technology provided an ideal environment for the first ever trans-Tasman Labour History Conference. Held at the Auckland University of Technology from 30 January to 1 February, 2007 the conference was attended by historians from inside and outside of universities, postgraduate students, and local labour movement activists. They listened to, and debated, over 30 stimulating papers by Australian and New Zealand speakers. The conference opened with a Powhiri in which local Maori representatives welcomed conference participants to the University marae. The following morning the proceedings began with a stimulating paper by Ann Curthoys and John Docker who took up arguments from their recent book to examine whether Labour History is Fact or Fiction. The lively discussion that followed revealed a refreshing interest in the histories of Herodotus and Thucydides. The conference organisers commissioned Australian and New Zealand historians to work on parallel papers which would result in joint papers on a variety of topics to be published in Labour History in 2008. This will follow the Australian-Canadian and Australian-British comparisons published in previous issues of Labour History. Bradon Ellem examined four crucial periods in the history of Australian unions while I discussed turning-points in New Zealand union history. A common theme was that, more than in other market economies, Australasian unions have been shaped by the state. J'^y^ileplp Ray Markey found much in common gv=H j^^iip between the Australian and New Zealand If v. Labo(u)r parties and asked whether they could 11 ' .) ; be regarded as an antipodean phenomenon. |L?. ' ' j-:?'' : Kerry Taylor considered whether the H(??-?:S Communist Party of Australia had played ^BBpgS the role of big brother to its fraternal party ||^^5|??i across the Tasman. Greg Patmore examined Ray Markey, Conference convenor the development of Rochdale consumer co Photographer: Belinda Nash, AUT Media Unit operatives m Australia and New Zealand. Michael Quinlan discussed the role of the state and the regulation of work in Australia while Gordon Anderson traced the equally significant role of the state in New Zealand industrial relations. Melanie Nolan presented a joint paper with Rae Frances and argued that New Zealand and Australia are natural subjects for a transnational study of gendered labour relations because of the similarity of their social institutions and political legislation. Erik Olssen gave a lively summary of recent research on class and labour in New Zealand.

Constructing the Homeland: Dutch Americans and the Netherlands Information Bureau during the 1940s

Constructing the Homeland: Dutch Americans and the Netherlands Information Bureau during the 1940s by David Zwart As Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands and the Japanese military threatened the Netherlands East Indies in the summer of 1941, the Netherlands government in exile in London and the government of the Netherlands East Indies officially estabhshed the Netherlands Information Bureau (NIB) in New York City to keep news about both locations in front of the American pubhc. Under the direction of N. A. C. Slotemaker de Bruine, the office in New York City grew and within a year included a hbrary and departments devoted to research, the press, photos and film, and broadcasting.1 In order to extend its reach across the United States, the NIB estabhshed two divisional offices by the summer of 1942: in San Francisco, California, to I would like to thank Nora Faires for reading multiple drafts of this article, Hans Krabbendam for reading an early draft, and the two readers for theMichigan Historical Review, who helped clarify my argument. A travel grant from the Graduate College at Western Michigan University allowed me to present a draft of this article at the 2006 European Social Science History Conference. 1 Memo, September 8, 1941, box 1,Willard Wichers Papers (hereafter Wichers Papers), Holland Museum Archives and Research Library, Holland, Mich.; Netherlands Information Bureau, One Year Old: The Inside Story of an Ugly Duckling (New York: The Bureau, 1942). For more information about the NIB in Dutch see, Mar ja Wagenaar, De Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst: Geheimhouden, Toedekken, en Openbaren (Government Information Service: Keep a Secret, Cover-Up, and Reveal) (Amsterdam: Sdu Uitgevers, 1997); and Marja Roholl, "To Put Holland on the Map: Voorlichting als Instrument van Buitenlands Beleid van Nederland, 1900-1950" ("Information as an Instrument of Foreign Policy of the Netherlands"), paper presented to Conferentie Media en Sociaal-Culturele Veranderingen, International Institute for Social History, Amsterdam, May 24, 1991, copy in author's possession. For information about the NIB in English, see David Snyder, "Representing Indonesian Democracy in the U.S., 1945-1949: Dutch Public Diplomacy and the Exception to Self-Determination," in Democracy and Culture in the Transatlantic World: Third Interdisdplinary Conference, October 2004, ed. Charlotte Wallin and Daniel Silander (Maastricht, the Netherlands: Maastricht Center for Transatlantic Studies, 2004), 35-48. Michigan Historical Review33:2 (Fall 2007): 81-100 ?2007 by Central Michigan University. ISSN 0890-1686 All Rights Reserved. 82 Michigan Historical Review cover the western United States, and in Holland, Michigan, to serve the Midwest.2 Holland, Michigan, seems out of place on a list that includes New York and San Francisco, but the town was chosen to host an NIB office for at least two reasons. First, this small city, which had a population of about fourteen thousand people in 1940, had an unmistakable Dutch heritage. Founded under the leadership of Dutch Calvinist Seceder pastor Albertus C. Van Raalte in 1847, Holland continued towelcome Dutch immigrants.3 In the 1930 census, 42 percent of the population of Holland had either been born in the Netherlands or had parents who were born there.4 Second, Holland was the home of Willard Wichers. Wichers grew up in the Holland area, and he had an intimate knowledge of Dutch America and was committed to promoting the community. He had served as a district supervisor of the Survey of Historical Records as part of theWorks Progress Administration, and in 1942 he actively sought to locate the NIB's Midwest office inHolland in the belief that his hometown's Dutch heritage would help amplify the message of the NIB aswell as publicize the small city.5 Although the NIB did not seek connections primarily with Dutch immigrants, by placing a division office inHolland it intentionally entered a Dutch-American community that had constructed an image of the Netherlands as its homeland, which was at odds with the NIB's message. The NIB wanted Americans to view the Netherlands as an up-to-date country with important colonial powers and responsibilities. This construction was meant to reinforce the image of the Netherlands as a faithful ally during and after World War II. The Dutch-American community inHolland, Michigan, however, constructed and clung to an...

Seventh European social science history conference University of Lisbon, Portugal, 27 February–1 March 2008

Seventh European social science history conference University of Lisbon, Portugal, 27 February–1 March 2008

Political Economy of Financial Development: Canada and the United States in the Mirror of the Other, 1790–1840

A meeting of the Business History Conference in Toronto with “The Political Economy of Enterprise” as its theme provides an opportunity to consider some historical similarities and differences between the climates of enterprise in Canada and the United States. Because much of my recent work has been on financial development in the United States in the early decades, 1790–1840, I shall focus on that period. During that period, finance, enterprise, and economic development in the United States made great strides. Across the border in British North America, progress in all three areas was limited. The contrast sheds some light on the political conditions that favor financial development, flourishing enterprise, and modern economic growth.

Political Economy of Financial Development: Canada and the United States in the Mirror of the Other, 1790–1840

A meeting of the Business History Conference in Toronto with “The Political Economy of Enterprise” as its theme provides an opportunity to consider some historical similarities and differences between the climates of enterprise in Canada and the United States. Because much of my recent work has been on financial development in the United States in the early decades, 1790–1840, I shall focus on that period. During that period, finance, enterprise, and economic development in the United States made great strides. Across the border in British North America, progress in all three areas was limited. The contrast sheds some light on the political conditions that favor financial development, flourishing enterprise, and modern economic growth.

Global Impressions: Inside UNESCO's First Worldwide Arts Education Conference

Eric Booth gives an in-depth, TA focused overview of the historic Lisbon UNESCO arts-ed conference.

Call for Papers—Environment, Health and History Conference

"Call for Papers—Environment, Health and History Conference." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 23(2), pp. 597–598

The Australian Army and the Vietnam War, 1962-1972: The Chief of Army Military History Conference, and: The Anzac Experience: New Zealand, Australia, and Empire in the First World War (review)

The Australian Army and the Vietnam War, 1962-1972: The Chief of Army Military History Conference, and: The Anzac Experience: New Zealand, Australia, and Empire in the First World War (review)