History Of Civilization Research Articles

Urban University: The Case of Portland State University

Different from traditional universities, which have been formed for a long time to focus on solving academic problems and developing theories, since the beginning of the 20th century, ​​urban universities has evolved from universities, located in the urban environment, into universities functioned to connect and develop urban areas. These universities were conceived to leverage local resources and uniqueness, provide access to higher education and work with partners to help cities be more successful in all aspects of their urban lives. Nowadays, with more than 85% of the US population living in urban areas, the urban focus would be ubiquitous in higher education. In Vietnam, the proportion of the population in urban areas is dramatically increasing, urban development and expansion is a dynamic process and requires a high concentration of research. Issues of urban infrastructure construction, traffic, changing living culture, building urban civilized institutions, livelihoods for people in the process of urban transformation, legal relations, markets, civic groups, etc., requires the formation of highly concentrated academic and research centers mentioned above. Within the framework of the Strengthening Provincial Capacity (SPC) project funded by the United States agency for international development - USAID, the School of Government of the University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City (a local institute) was selected to participate in the project's training programs. Before the end of the project lasting for more than two years, the authors of the School of Government had a working trip to Portland State University (PSU), a typical successful urban university. The presentation of an in-depth study of PSU itself - a locally cohesive research university - that solves major problems of Portland in particular, Oregon and the United States in general is the author's desire to introduce the urban university model to universities in Vietnam.

Synthesizing Historical Research Leads to a Simple, Compatible, and Extensible Big History Framework and Periodization

Many questions remain unanswered regarding how Big History events should be organized and interpreted. For example, should Big History be divided into periods or processes, when it is clearly a complex process of simultaneous interacting processes? In such an uncertain environment, how are models constructed and evaluated? When we look at Big History, at what level of abstraction do we start? This paper gleans important insights from a number of historical papers to develop a consistent view of Big History. It is important to consider many aspects of an evolving system. For example, how does the evolving system 1) learn from its experiences in the environment; 2) extract energy and resources to combat the trend towards chaos and higher entropy; 3) organize itself at multiple levels to meet new challenges? Various traditional scholarly disciplines contribute to various aspects of Big History, including astronomy, geology, evolutionary biology, evolutionary anthropology, and the history of civilizations. This suggests a base framework of cosmic and terrestrial phases. The terrestrial phase saw the sequential evolution of life, humans, and civilization. Based on this framework, the various disciplines’ timelines are consolidated along with their dynamic systems models. This base framework is then expanded to include more details. This simple approach meets many criteria for an effective framework: it integrates with knowledge from other disciplines; it provides a simple, understandable model; it can be extended in detail with nested transitions; and it immediately expresses the acceleration of evolving complex adaptive systems (CAS). Similarly, proposed frameworks offer slightly different perspectives.

필수의료의 위기와 의학전문직업성

There are deep concerns about Korean medical care. It is becoming difficult to find doctor who save life in emergency rooms, operating rooms, intensive care units, and rural hospitals. The so-called ‘critical care’ is shaking in its roots. In the meantime, medical professionalism has lost its way. It does not seem appropriate to attribute the cause of the problem to individual doctors. It is not reprehensible for individuals, who are people before doctors, to choose quality of life over a sense of duty. Not only medical staff on site, but also patients, civic groups, media, and politicians began to recognize the seriousness of the problem. This article examines Korean medical care for serious illnesses by dividing them into ‘symptom and sign’, ‘pathophysiology and diagnosis’, and treatment stages. It was diagnosed that the crisis in Korean medical care was due to the irrationality of philosophyless health care policies, doctors choosing work-life balance over a sense of duty, the collapse of the medical delivery system due to the expansion of large hospitals, and the moral hazard of patients and doctors due to private medical insurance. As a prescription to save Korean medicine, it was proposed to break away from the short-sighted discussion of ‘cost vs capacity’ and build a system that takes into account the restoration of trust between patients and doctors, the enhancement of professionalism, and the transition from normative ethics to positive ethics.

Study on Protection Measures and Risk Management Strategies for Cultural Relics and Artworks

Works of art and cultural relics are an important part of the Chinese cultural heritage, and every piece of art and cultural relic contains a rich historical story behind it. Moreover, works of art and cultural relics also represent the image of the country and indicate the long history of Chinese civilization; At the same time, art and artifacts are valuable resources and achievements for historical research and education. However, with the rise of the art market and the excavation of cultural relics, more and more works of art and cultural relics are subject to the risk of damage. Hence, the protection of works of art and cultural relics is urgent. The article analyzes and describes the current situation and ways of artwork and cultural relics protection through the risk factors of artwork and cultural relics, relevant laws, and the protection aspects of artwork and cultural relics. This study will use case analysis and comparative analysis research methods to explore the protection methods and protection degrees of different aspects of cultural relics and artwork protection, such as physical, digital, and legal. It also reflects the importance of cultural relics and works of art in the country and the role of cultural heritage through the importance of protecting cultural relics and artworks.

Beyond Two Endings: The “Septimius” Manuscripts and Hawthorne’s Perspective of Civil War America

ABSTRACT This article reconsiders the two endings of the “Septimius” manuscripts and reevaluates the potential of Hawthorne’s romance in his final years. Although the complexity of Hawthorne’s later works and his perspective on the Civil War have gained significant scholarly attention, earlier scholarship generally assumes that the two “Septimius” manuscripts, “Septimius Felton” and “Septimius Norton,” would have had the same ending if only Hawthorne had completed them. Challenging this assumption, this article argues that the two manuscripts are more different than understood heretofore and that it was imperative for Hawthorne to retain two versions of the story. By reexamining Hawthorne’s complex writing process and the recurring themes in his later works, this article illuminates Hawthorne’s exploration of the significance of America in the transnational history of civil wars and highlights his critique not only of the American Civil War but also of America’s history of civil wars.

Design of Children's Game "Buddhist Relics" to Introduce the History of Civilization and Culture in Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is one of the historical heritages in the world whose beauty can still be enjoyed and the history of the founding of the Borobudur temple and its relics can also be identified. Not all people in Indonesia know the geographical location of Borobudur temple, let alone what historical heritage is in the Borobudur area, it can be used as a game to attract the interest of the younger generation to find out about cultural heritage and preserve it so that it is not lost to the erodes of time. Borobudur Temple has a story message for its people, namely a story about the teachings of norms, morals, and morals that humans must have in everyday life. Apart from that, the development of games in Indonesia is increasingly popular. It is not only a medium of entertainment but can also be a medium of education for its users. With this foundation, the author created an educational game about the relics of the Borobudur temple with the game title "Treasure in Borobudur". The aim is so that children in Indonesia do not forget history along with the rapid development of technology.

The Effect of Leadership Style and Competence on Performance with Job Satisfaction as An Intervening Variable

Throughout human civilization's history, it has been known that the dynamics and movements of an organization to some extent depend on humans as the implementers in carrying out organizational activities. When examined in general, the success of an organization or a company in achieving its goals depends on the components within the organization itself, such as leadership, employees, programs, objectives, facilities, and infrastructure available. Performance is crucial in a company because it is closely related to the activities carried out by employees. Mangkunegara (2010) defines employee performance as the quality and quantity of work an employee achieves in carrying out their tasks by their responsibilities. Competence is a fundamental characteristic of an individual that influences how they think and act, make generalizations about all situations they encounter, and endure within a person for a considerable period (Ruky, 2006). Leadership style has a strong positive influence on performance. In an institution, organizational behavior factors also directly or indirectly affect performance. This study focuses on all SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises) near Badung Regency, using random sampling for testing variables with Smart PLS 4.0. From the research results, it can be concluded that leadership style does not have a significant influence on employee performance, competence has a significant positive relationship with employee performance. Job satisfaction does not have a significant influence on employee performance. Leadership style does not have an indirect influence on employee performance. Competence does not have an indirect influence on employee performance through job satisfaction.

The Development Of Indonesian Islamic Civilization During The Dutch Occupation

This study aims to analyze the development of Indonesian Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period. To achieve this goal, the authors use the literary method with a qualitative approach, namely by collecting data and information by examining various sources in the form of books or scientific papers that are relevant to the object of research. With this research shows that 1). The socio-cultural conditions during the Dutch period underwent changes which can be seen by the existence of social discrimination and the presence of Dutch culture that entered Indonesia. 2). The system of government that prevailed in Indonesia during the Dutch colonial period. 3). Da'wah strategy carried out by the scholars during the Dutch colonial period. 4). Challenges faced by Indonesia during the Dutch colonial period. 5). An influential figure during the Dutch colonial period. This study is important to do in order to add to the study of the history of Islamic civilization in Indonesia, especially the scarcity of themes that discuss Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period.

Pelestarian Arsitektur Pascabencana Tsunami sebagai Cagar Budaya (Studi Kasus : Masjid Baiturrahim, Banda Aceh, Indonesia)

Abstract. The Baiturrahim Ulee Lheue Mosque has significant value as a cultural cagar budaya that has experienced various layers of excellence at any time in the Banda Aceh. The building that has been more than 500 years old has become one of the oldest mosques in Indonesia with an incredible history. The Baiturrahim mosque was the only building to survive from the 2004 Tsunami natural disaster. The architecture of the mosque is rich in value, meaning and symbols,which are also evidence of the history of civilization and the aearly development of Islam in Aceh. Currentyly, there is a decline in the physical quality and meaning of the architectural elements of the building, especially the architectural elements after the tsunami disaster. This affects the historical value and cultural meaning of the building. This study aims to know preservation strategy based on significance values of the Baiturrahim Ulee Lheue Mosque as a cultural heritage. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative through filed observation, documentation/ an interview and literature review. The approach of handling refers to some references and guidelines for the preservation of a cultural heritage building that has significant values like history, age, spiritual and aesthetic. Preservation efforts are required development use and protection of the architectural mosque of Baiturrahim as heritage building.

‘Real Orthodox men’: religious masculinities and the new Russian culture of military patriotism

AbstractThroughout the 1990s and early 2000s, radical nationalist and quasi‐fascist movements defining themselves in opposition to the Russian government dominated the country's paramilitary scene. This trend was almost completely reversed in the 2010s, with the relative decline of grassroots Slavic ethno‐nationalism and the emergence of a statist military‐patriotic culture centred on ‘traditional values’ and Orthodox faith. Drawing on field research with members of a Moscow‐based military‐patriotic club, this article shows how Orthodoxy emerged as an attractive ideological framework to give meaning to individual and communal practices of moral and physical self‐cultivation among patriotically oriented young middle‐class men. I argue that rather than a process of militarization of a religious public, the establishment of the Orthodox military‐patriotic milieu in the late 2000s is better understood as the Orthodoxization of the Russian paramilitary sphere, driven by young militaristically minded men's search for a sense of purpose and belonging. This post‐Soviet Orthodox paramilitary scene that combines militant masculinities with promotion of law abidance and civic values effectively works to curtail more extreme forms of ethno‐nationalism and thus invites us to rethink conventional wisdom on the relationship between religion, militarism, and violent radicalization.

Civic Value and Political Interest as Determinants of Political Participation Among Primary School Teachers in Oyo State

The purpose of this study was to examine civic value and political interest as determinants of political participation among primary school teachers in Oyo state. Five hundred participants constituted the study’s sample out of which only 476 were used after data administration. Both the independent and dependent variables were measured with validated instruments with 0.91 reliability co-efficient and the data obtained was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) Statistical method. Two research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that there was significant relationship between civic value and political participation among primary school teachers (r= .813; p<0.05) as well as between political interest and political participation among primary school teachers (r= .701; p<0.05). The implication of this showed that civic value and political interest had significant impacts on political participation among primary school teachers. In view of these findings, it was recommended that educational stakeholders should intensify their effort to institute a culture of civic value in the institution so as to improve on the level of political participation among primary school teachers.

The Role of Chinese Ethnic in Grebeg Sudiro: A Historical Perspective

<p>The dynamics of ethnic Chinese life in Indonesia have been a part of historical civilization since ancient times. The involvement of ethnic Chinese is sometimes rarely highlighted by the public, even though there are various roles of ethnic Chinese in the traditions that exist in Indonesia. This research aims to examine the role of ethnic Chinese in Grebeg Sudiro from a historical perspective. This research is based on a literature study with data obtained from various books, journals, and theses to find out the role of ethnic Chinese in Indonesia in the Grebeg Sudiro tradition. The results show this tradition exists in the Central Java region, especially in Surakarta. The ethnic Chinese in this tradition present their cultural heritage and foster a sense of unity and tolerance within the Javanese community. This tradition represents the beauty of diversity and wealth from different backgrounds. It not only shows the role of ethnic Chinese but also shows the symbolism between Javanese and Chinese culture. The awareness of the Javanese community itself can produce a form of diversity in the form of the Grebeg Sudiro tradition.</p>

Caxambu Water and Heritage: Cultural and Environmental Strategies for Mineral Water Preservation

This article examines civic commitments and legal frameworks that have defended public access to water by recognizing its cultural value. In Caxambu, Brazil, the local population has collected mineral water from natural springs for centuries. The water’s use is embedded in local social and cultural practices. However, over the last thirty years the water sources have become increasingly threatened by commercial and industrial interests. The local government and civic society have responded to the threat by creating protected areas and their efforts have culminated in the legal recognition of cultural intangible heritage as the basis for preserving water quality and ensuring access for future generations.

PERUBAHAN SOSIAL PADA MASYARAKAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR`AN

The Qur'anic verse that is often presented to show the view and message of the Qur'an about social change is surah al-Ra'd (13) If you look at the opinions of scholars in understanding the meaning contained in surah Q. S. al-Ra'd (13) about the social change, there will be quite diverse opinions. As an example of the diversity of understanding the meaning of social change contained in Q.S. al-Ra'd (13) can be seen in the translation of that verse which is included in the translation of the Ministry of Religion and the translation written by M. Quraish Shihab in his book of interpretation, Tafsir al-Mishbandh. Translation of Q.S. al-Ra'd (13) as stated in the Qur'an and its translation are as follows: "Indeed, Allah does not change the condition of a people before they change their own condition”, (Al-Qur'an and its translation, 337-338). Furthermore, to be more focused and appropriate to what is being studied, the author needs to collaborate or refer to interpretations of the Al-Qur'an that relate to the topic to be studied. Thus, here is a brief explanation of how the verses of the Qur'an implement human concepts and behavior in the history of human civilization, both through the interpretations contained, including the exegesis of the book At-Thabari and the history of At-Thabari's interpretation. Research methodology is a way to find out the results of a specific problem, where the problem is also called a research problem. In Methodology, researchers use a variety of different criteria to solve existing research problems. Different sources state that the use of various types of methods is to solve problems.

Get the Word Out to Area Civic Groups

Get the Word Out to Area Civic Groups

Writing Is Not “Anti-African”: How Naipaul “See(s) Much” About Africa

Many critics have harshly criticized V.S. Naipaul's works, both fiction and trip memoirs on the postcolonial sociocultural milieu of Africa, for being racially objectionable. The indictment apparently has a rationale too in the sense that his writings- In a Free State (1971), A Band in the River (1979) and Masque of Africa for instance- outright seem to be intestinal butchery of the African life, past and present, without any sense of mercy. However, he has countered all the critics often to defend his writings. In fact, this stand of Naipaul on his writings prompts this paper for a scrutiny and apparently, it seems that, as it will be explored, his defense stands; he has seen “much” about Africa, its future. Paradoxically, in his internal butchery he is neither “anti-African” nor “anti-Negro.” His African discourse, though supposed to be they do not have any such offensive, butchery agenda in nature, rather seems to have a tendency of seeing “much” future possibilities in the postcolonial paradox with a spiral into its past. Although the African post-colonial paradox is colonial, he also understands it as a part of another form of ups and downs in the history of African civilization. This is more apparent in his writings and more perceptible in the context of the postcolonial viewpoint on displacement and dislocation. Postcolonial discourse usually emphasizes a crisis in its perspectives. However, for Naipaul, they are also, just like every other civilization, the nature of the history of the African civilization. It is in this understanding, being explored, he sees “much” possibilities, an enabling phenomenon, rather than a crisis in the African paradox.

Issledovanie i praktika cifrovoj modeli prepodavaniya discipliny «Istoriya mirovyh civilizacij»

The digital transformation of courses and the integration of information technology into teaching are effective ways to cultivate applied composite talents. Based on the experience in the construction of the course “History of world civilizations”, the teachers have created a digital teaching model “SPEAK”, which includes the digitalization of historical stories, practices, assessments and achievements, in order to kindle the mind, and cultivate digital talents. This teaching model has been improved continuously through multiple rounds of teaching practice, and achieved expected results.

TYPES OF PAPER USED IN PREPARING ANCIENT MANUAL SOURCES, COMPOSITION AND PREPARATION PROCESS

The study of ancient manual sources provides invaluable insights into the history and culture of past civilizations. One crucial aspect of these sources is the material on which they were prepared, particularly the types of paper used. This paper aims to explore the various types of paper employed in the preparation of ancient manual sources, focusing on their composition and the preparation processes involved.This study draws on a comprehensive review of existing literature, historical records, and archaeological findings to identify and categorize the types of paper used in different historical periods and regions. Furthermore, the composition of these papers, including the raw materials and manufacturing techniques, will be examined to understand the physical and chemical properties that contribute to their durability and preservation over time.In addition, the preparation process of ancient paper will be investigated, shedding light on the methods and tools used by ancient scribes and artisans to create writing surfaces. The influence of cultural, geographical, and technological factors on paper preparation will be analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the diverse practices employed by various civilizations.By examining the types of paper, their composition, and the preparation processes, this research aims to contribute to the broader understanding of ancient manual sources and the historical contexts in which they were produced. Understanding the materiality of these sources is VOLUME03 ISSUE11DOI: https://doi.org/10.55640/jsshrf-03-11-14Pages: 58-63 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH FUNDAMENTALSISSN: 2748-9345VOLUME03 ISSUE1159crucial for their preservation, conservation, and interpretation, and this study seeks to provide a valuable resource for scholars, historians, and conservationists engaged in the study and safeguarding of ancient cultural heritage

Cosmic California

One of the more controversial themes in contemporary readings of race is the Mexican author José Vasconcelos’s 1925 call for a “cosmic race” (raza cósmica) to transcend all prior races in the course of the inauguration of an “aesthetic era” (era estética) in human evolution. Although his language was later picked up by Chicano celebrants of La Raza and has received a variety of endorsements and critiques within the burgeoning literature comprising Latino/a critical race theory (CRT), no suggestion that contemporary California civilization may be the most compelling candidate for Vasconcelos’s project has yet been essayed. Carefully analyzing Vasconcelos’s arguments, this article exposes important shortcomings in his brief on behalf of a future Latin American race, clarifying the failure of his political efforts to redirect Mexican revolutionary politics in the 1920s and exposing the bankruptcy of his later flirtations with fascism. The article takes up the most promising feature of Vasconcelos’s arguments, namely his advocacy of a mingling of all races (mestizaje), to sponsor contemporary California as containing key features of that particular vision. To locate this Californian alternative, the article highlights the relevance of Oaxaca for its role in the origins and development of California’s naming and its overall myth. It explicates the importance of that role through the larger history of Mesoamerican civilizations and the primary importance for that history of the culture hero Quetzalcóatl.

The Present Discourse Aims to Examine The Evolution of Indonesian Islamic Civilisation Within The Context Of The Dutch Colonial Period

This study aims to analyze the development of Indonesian Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period. This study using library research produces research data that: 1). The dynamics of the socio-cultural conditions of Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period were still underdeveloped due to the strict system of colonialism applied in Indonesia; 2). The government system of Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period greatly influenced the development of Islamic civilization in Indonesia; 3). There were 3 strategies for Islamic da'wah during the Dutch colonial period, including: the transitional da'wah system between Hinduism and Islam, the lecture method in surau, and Islamic boarding schools; 4). Challenges to Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period included: Challenges in the fields of education, politics, economy and religion or da'wah; 5). Influential figures during Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period included K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari, Prince Diponegoro, Tuanku Imam Bonjol, Prince Antasari, and Teungku Cik Di Tiro. This study has implications for increasing literature on the history of Indonesian Islamic civilization so that it can add to the treasury of historical knowledge in Indonesia.