Historical Basis Research Articles

Determinants of resource use in lizard assemblages from the semiarid Caatinga, Brazil

AbstractNonsessile animals could partition the use of resources in different axes, reducing the effects of competition and allowing coexistence. Here, we investigated the spatial and trophic niche dimensions in four lizard assemblages in the Neotropical semiarid Caatinga to investigate the determinants of resource use and the extent to which lizards partition their niches. We sampled each lizard assemblage once, for 10 days, in the dry season of 2017 and 2018. In two lizard assemblages, we detected nonrandom niche overlap patterns that were higher or lower than expected by chance. The high niche overlap patterns suggest that either there is intense current competition for available microhabitats or an abundance of microhabitats. The lower niche overlap may be influenced by the presence of species adapted to sandy habitats (psammophilous), suggesting that spatial partitioning detected has historical basis, which is supported by the pPCA results and by the lack of patterns in the realized niche distribution of species across niche space. We detected trophic niche partitioning in three lizard assemblages. In one assemblage, we discovered random spatial and trophic niche overlap patterns, revealing that competition is not a determining factor in the structure of that assemblage. In fact, phylogenetic effects were predominantly the main determinants of resource use in the four studied lizard assemblages. Arid and semiarid habitats cover about one third of land surface of the world. Comparisons between our findings and those from other regions of the world may aid identify general trends in the lizard ecology of dry environments.

COOPERATION OF EU COUNTRIES WITH MERCOSUR AND СELAC: REGIONAL AND GLOBAL DIMENSION

The article considers the main forms of cooperation between the EU countries and the largest associations of Latin American countries MERCOSUR and СELAC. The historical basis is analyzed through the prism of the theory of neoliberalism and the concept of regionalism, the search for models of interaction of the common future of regional associations. It is noted that relations between the EU and Latin America also influenced the accession of Portugal and Spain to the European Community and significantly strengthened their cooperation. The main stages and periods of cooperation are indicated: economic, political, cultural, and social. Each period has different results since the internal political processes of states played a significant role, which influencing further decisions. A detailed analysis of bi-regional meetings, summits, and negotiation processes of the countries-participants of the studied associations.
 It is noted that the EU actively uses the theory of neoliberalism as one of the main mechanisms for interaction with other countries, in particular, it considers relations both with the region as a whole and through cooperation with MERCOSUR and CELAC. This approach contributes to a more effective and multilateral dialogue that involves many areas of activity and the interests of partners at different levels of international relations, using the policy of soft power.
 The main problems and difficulties that have arisen on the way to signing a document on the creation of a common free trade area between the EU and MERCOSUR are outlined. The article considers a significant documentary base on various meetings and summits since they became the basis for the signing of a joint declaration in 2019. Today, the EU interacts with Latin America at several levels: continental, regional, and bilateral, resulting in a network of discussions, negotiations, and joint efforts for deeper cooperation.

NEXO DE CAUSALIDADE NA AVALIAÇÃO DO DANO À PESSOA

INTRODUCTION: The discussion between the knowledge of medicine and law is increasingly relevant, especially with the growing demand for medical expertise in society. The objective of this work is to address the causal link in legal medicine and medical expertise. METHODOLOGY: Critical and anlytical reflection of the bibliography with proposals that innovate thinking on the subject. Research was carried out in the Medline, Virtual Health Library, Periodicals Capes and Scielo Brasil databases, with the aim of substantiating the relevance of the topic for expert action. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: We discuss the concept of cause and its historical basis, causality and imputation. Causal link in medicine and legal medicine and medical expertise/legal medicine/forensic sciences. CONCLUSION: Causal link in legal medicine and medical expertise assesses the relationship between alleged cause and existing damage (disease, disorder or injury, with injury to the person). In cases of trauma it is based on Hregardinill’s criteria. However, in cases of diseases and disorders, the definition of the initial moment of the disease or the disorder is compromised, requiring new methods and techniques to withstand such complexity, regarding this relationship. We ask: How to enrich scientific theory and methodology beyond hypothesis testing? How to use explanatory concepts and models, capable of addressing complex issues? How to take health beyond mere risk configuration? How to be transdisciplinary, where interdisciplinary work is not yet a reality? The answers to these questions depend on the future and evolution of science that involves the establishment of link in the evaluation of personal injury.

미육군 6･25전쟁 공식전사 서술의 특징과 한계 — Ebb and Flow의 1951년 춘계전역 관련 내용을 중심으로 —

The U.S. Army’s Official History of the Korean War, United States Arm y in the Korean War series is a standard work on the military operations of the U. S. Army and its allies during the Korean War. This 4 volumes study has great prestige in the English speaking world. But these studies have so me problems. One of the problems is that this work didn''t pay enough atten tion to the operations of the Army of the Republic of Korea. Ebb and Flo w, the work of Billy C. Mossman and the last book of this series, also hav e the same problem. In Mossman’s work, the South Korean Army is depicte d as an inexperienced and incapable organization. Of course, this kind of na rrative has enough historical basis. But during the Korean War, the South K orean Army carried out some successful military operations. So it is very un righteous to only focus on the negative aspect of the South Korean Army. There is a need for more balanced works about the Korean War.

Directing Ballet Performances on Stage and Screen

The purpose of the article is to outline the problems of directorial skill in the adaptation of the most famous ballet productions on the screen and to define scientific guidelines that will contribute to the comprehensive study and analysis of the phenomenon of ballet directing in the audiovisual space. Research methodology. An interdisciplinary approach based on the use of a number of general scientific methods was used in the study of the issue, in particular: a system of theoretical methods (induction, deduction, identification, complex art analysis, and synthesis), which made it possible to study the historical and factual basis of the implementation of ballet productions on stage and screen. The methods of systematisation and generalisation came in handy for arguing the originality of ballet directing in the context of screen arts. The typological method made it possible to consider common artistic principles in the creative pursuits of masters of screen and stage art. In addition, analytical and systematic methods have been applied in their unity, which is necessary for the study of the art history aspect of the problem. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the definition of directing as a universal and multi-vector type of artistic-aesthetic and creative-production activity; in clarifying the mutual influence and mutual enrichment of the stage and screen arts in the use and development of director's production tools; in the determined specifics of the director's work in the process of screen adaptation of works of ballet art in cinematographic and television productions, which became the subject of a special study for the first time; in revealing the original principles of the construction of screen works based on well-known ballet productions. Conclusions. It has been proven that screen directorial work contributes to the popularisation of both ballet productions and the creativity of ballet masters and ballet performers, refuting the sometimes-irrevocable judgments of practitioners and theoreticians of cinema and television about the threat of the intervention of stage culture in the screen space as a destructive factor.
 Key words: directing, screen arts, ballet, directing tools, stage production, choreographer, television.

Ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus: A phenotype that hospitalists need to understand.

Diabetes has been classified mainly into types 1 and 2. Some type 2 diabetes patients, when developing ketosis, have been labeled as having atypical diabetes. Lately, syndromes of ketosis-prone diabetes, primarily in patients who we previously classified as type 2 diabetics, have emerged, and calls are being made to even reclassify diabetes. This mini-review will extensively deal with the historical, molecular, phenotypical, and clinical basis of why ketosis-prone diabetes is different than the traditional principles of type 1 and 2 diabetes and should be classified as such. Clinicians, especially those who are not diabetologists or endocrinologists, as well as hospitalists, intensivists, and primary care providers, will greatly benefit from this review.

A Review: Sugar-Based Confectionery and the Importance of Ingredients

Sugar-based confectionery products have a historical basis for many cultures and sugar-based confectionery, especially soft candies, has increased in popularity in recent years. Optimizing a well-designed candy is important to meet consumer expectations, which includes ingredient information about water, sucrose, corn syrup and various kinds of sugar substitutes, and gelling agent alternatives. For instance, water content, temperature, pH, glass transition temperature, molecular weight, and natural gelling properties of the gelling agents have impacts on the quality parameters of the final product. The objective of this review is to examine the production of sugar-based candies focusing on hard candies, soft candies, and Turkish delight. The review also reports on new trends in the formulations and how ingredients affect the final product in a very simple way.

Fanaticism in the Ancient Worship of Lord Murugan

Lord Muruga is one of the most notable deities mentioned in Sangam literature. In the Sangam hymns, the spear weapon existed in worship as the form of Lord Murugan. There are also reports about Velan and the events surrounding his fanatical worship of Velan. Those who worshipped Lord Murugan among the inhabitants of the Sangam age made specific requests to him. During fanaticism, they prayed to Lord Murugan to ensure that the man and woman could live a stable life, for the health of his beloved woman, for a child's boon, and to ensure that the lover who went in search of wealth did not encounter any dangerous disturbances. One of the most important and special features of the rituals of the ancient Tamil people is fanaticism. Velan, the Lord Muruga, resides in forests, groves, rivers, ponds, etc. Climbing on to a man named Velan and a woman who is the daughter of a gypsy is fanaticism. The field-setting aspect of Murugan's fanaticism, the possession of Lord Murugan the devotee, the offering of sacrifices, and the worship of Lord Murugan have sought to summarize the archaeological evidence available before the Sangam period from a historical point of view and the historical basis of worshipping Murugan found in Sangam literature.

The Epic Legacy of Shono-Baatar

Abstract Compared with epic heroes such as Geser and Jangar who are widely popular among the Mongolic peoples of Inner Asia, the far less well-known epic of Shono-Baatar stems from a determinable and relatively recent historical basis: the eighteenth-century Dzungar prince Louzang Shunu and his seeking sanctuary from persecution by his relatives in the Russian Empire. While legends and short songs about this figure are widely attested from Kalmykia to Xinjiang, only among the Buryats has any full-length oral epic been preserved: a single specimen taken down from storyteller Sagadar Shanarsheev in 1936. Although Shanarsheev’s epic possesses a complex political and textual history, it was almost wholly unknown beyond a few scholars until its republication in a dual-language Russian-Buryat edition in 2015. Since then, it has increasingly become an important part of the symbolism of Buryat cultural identity and has even been hailed as a world-class epic equal to the Iliad and Nibelungenlied.

Virtual testing of a new conjecture for the stone ascending device in Egyptian pyramids by means of a multibody dynamics simulation

AbstractThe ascending of rock blocks for building the Egyptian pyramids has been the topic of many discussions among Egyptologists. One of the authors (F.S.) conjectured a method that could be used for the task. In his own words: “This is the story of the random discovery of an oscillating machine, capable of using gravity to ascend, as the sail goes upwind.” In this article, by means of a virtual prototype and multibody dynamics simulation, the physical feasibility of such method is tested for the first time. From historical and archeological bases, this investigation presents the fundamental functional features of the virtual model components for the ascending of the stones. Furthermore, the methodological details for the model setup, as well as the discussion on the stone ascending movements, are herein addressed. The main results obtained from the simulation include the evaluation of the advancement‐per‐cycle of the conjectured ascending device and the corresponding required driving forces.

PLURALISME KOTA SOLO BERBASIS ISLAM RAHMATAN LIL ALAMIN

Religious pluralism is the historical basis for creating the spirit and dynamics in religions to be able to answer contemporary issues. Pluralism refers to the existence, togetherness and integrity of Pluralism that exists in Solo can be safe and peaceful because it holds Islamic teachings that promote Islam Rahmatan lil 'Alamin, Besides that, there are other tips in creating peace in the city of Solo, including: (1) There is a healthy awareness of Islam, (2) Dialogue between diverse people, (3) Exploring the spirit of pluralism in society, (4) Mutual care for places of worship, (5) Mutual exclusion in the form of inter-religious conflict, and (6) Mutual maintenance of inter-religious relations.

Specific Character of Linguistic Personality Education in the Noble Society of the Second Half of the 18th – the Beginning of the 19th centuries

Introduction. Noble society traditions are not simply a base for Russian multilingual culture; they remain the historical basis of the reproduction of human intellectual capital as a basis of the world organization. In this connection the mechanisms of linguistic personality educational processes within the framework of the noble society are of considerable interest for modern researchers and, in our opinion, they require certain elucidation and some comments. The purpose of the article is to analyse communicative process in the noble environment of the 18th – the 19th centuries as a specific model of personality upbringing. Materials and Methods. The material of the research is Russian fiction, autobiographical literature and memoirs of the 18th and the 19th centuries. The methods used in the article are: method of system analysis of sources, content-analysis method, sociocultural, axiological, phenomenological, hermeneutical and comparative-historical approaches to the study of cultural phenomena. Results. The hypothesis that specific character of linguistic personality upbringing of the second half of the 18th – the beginning of the 19th centuries was closely connected with the tutorship institute as well as with the large scale of home education is empirically confirmed and corroborated. Didactic approach to the noble heirs, aimed at multilingual personality formation quite often came to the readiness of of-springs to freely master both oral and written forms of speech in a foreign language (mainly the French language). Moreover, the aspiration of the pupils to fix and pass their speech and thinking experience in a foreign language as well as the examples of its use in the practice of speech culture and behaviour become the standard of educational processes. Discussion and Conclusions. The results of the research can be used for the development of the syllabuses connected with the history of bilingual teachings, the history of pedagogy and the theory of education, which, from the practical point of view, will be of use for the perfection of the syllabus for institutions of higher education and the improvement of the quality of literary works analysis. The value of the research is in the context analysis.

Growth of structure constants of free Lie algebras relative to Hall bases

We derive a priori bounds on the size of the structure constants of the free Lie algebra over a set of indeterminates, relative to its Hall bases. We investigate their asymptotic growth, especially as a function of the length of the involved Lie brackets.First, using the classical recursive decomposition algorithm, we obtain a rough upper bound valid for all Hall bases. We then introduce new notions (which we call alphabetic subsets and relative foldings) related to structural properties of the Lie brackets created by the algorithm, which allow us to prove a sharp upper bound for the general case. We also prove that the length of the relative folding provides a strictly decreasing indexation of the recursive rewriting algorithm. Moreover, we derive lower bounds on the structure constants proving that they grow at least geometrically in all Hall bases.Second, for the celebrated historical length-compatible Hall bases and the Lyndon basis, we prove tighter sharp upper bounds, which turn out to be geometric in the length of the brackets.Third, we construct two new Hall bases, illustrating two opposite behaviors in the two-indeterminates case. One is designed so that its structure constants have the minimal growth possible, matching exactly the general lower bound, linked with the Fibonacci sequence. The other one is designed so that its structure constants grow super-geometrically.Eventually, we investigate asymmetric growth bounds which isolate the role of one particular indeterminate. Despite the existence of super-geometric Hall bases, we prove that the asymmetric growth with respect to each fixed indeterminate is uniformly at most geometric in all Hall bases.

Acuity-Based Staffing in Labor and Delivery Using Electronic Health Record Data.

Planning safe and effective nurse staffing can be challenging for nurse leaders of labor and delivery units due to the dynamic nature of birth and unpredictable fluctuations in census and acuity. The electronic health record (EHR) has a vast source of patient data that can be used to retrospectively review patient needs and nurse staffing gaps that can serve as a basis for prospective planning for nurse staffing. This quality improvement project was initiated with the goal of developing real-time and longitudinal reports to quantify hourly nurse staffing needs based on patient census, acuity, and required clinical interventions from data that are contained with the EHR. The plan was to determine trends and nurse staffing needs for each 24-hour period every day of the week and identify ongoing staffing patterns to meet the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses' (AWHONN) staffing guidelines. The obstetric nursing leadership team worked with the information technology specialists and developed an algorithm that identifies patient acuity level, indicated clinical interventions, and outlines necessary staffing requirements to provide safe high-quality care. Various reports were built in the EHR to inform the nursing leadership team about nurse staffing on a real-time and historical basis. The reports provided quantitative data that supported a budgetary increase in nurse staffing and a more flexible nurse staffing scheduling system to meet the needs of the patients. The project was successfully implemented in all four of the hospital system maternity units. Use of EHR in labor and delivery units is nearly universal. Working with the information technology specialists to integrate nurse staffing data into the EHR is one way to align nurse staffing with the AWHONN nurse staffing standards in real-time and for projections of nurse staffing needs based on unit historical patient data.

THE WAY TO THE WHITE TIGER HALL CONFERENCE: EVIDENCE GLEANED FROM THE FORMATION PROCESS OF THE BAIHU TONG

AbstractThe White Tiger Hall conference, held in the fourth year (79 c.e.) of the Jianchu 建初 reign in the Eastern Han, was a significant event in both politics and classical learning during and after that time. As the summary of the conference, composed after its conclusion, the Baihu tong 白虎通 is the main resource for investigating the details of this conference. Clarifying the formation process of the Baihu tong is helpful to elicit information regarding the White Tiger Hall conference from the findings recorded in its text. By tracing the history of the court conferences as an administrative institution and considering the particular nature of manuscript compilation, textual genre formats, and literary circulation during the Han, this paper suggests that the Baihu yizou 白虎議奏 referred to in the sources represents the compilation of the positions of the different debaters during the conference by Chunyu Gong 淳于恭 that was eventually sent to Emperor Zhang 章帝 for his approval; the Baihu tongde lun 白虎通德論 would be the corpus of the final rulings that had already been compiled before the conference ended and then edited by Ban Gu 班固. Later, the Emperor instructed his archivists to compose the Baihu tong by condensing the Baihu tongde lun. According to its formation process, the Baihu tong is the work of a collection of experts, rather than a compilation by a single person. Evidence shows that, although Emperor Zhang could weigh in on the court discussions (chengzhi linjue 稱制臨決), he could not ignore the consensus, nor could he simply mandate that the conference participants agree with him. In this regard, the Baihu tong cannot be considered a synthesis of the court's findings, establishing a single court ideology. Rather, it is best to see the text we have now as evidence of vigorous debates among the conference participants, including the Emperor himself and a range of other officials. In conclusion, the best way to uncover the facts about the White Tiger Hall conference via the Baihu tong is to reverse the process of textual formation, to glean information about the probable historical basis for the disputes recorded in the text.

Exploring the inner logic of patriotic education for youth in the new era

Patriotic education is a long-standing ideological and political education work carried out by the Party and the State, and its generative logic is mainly divided into three perspectives: historical origin, theoretical source and practical basis. As socialism with Chinese characteristics is facing a new stage of development and the general environment at home and abroad is intricate and complex, it is important to explore the internal logic of patriotic education for youth in the new era in order to enhance the patriotic sentiment and national identity of the majority of youth.

Recontructing the Formation of Israel's Religion in the context of Old Testament Biblical Text

The Old Testament can be said to be an interpretation of life and beliefs at that time and period, namely in the world and beliefs of ancient Israel. In addition, the Old Testament is often considered the primary source for the history of religion and worship of ancient Israel. In the Old Testament found a presentation and description of the history of the ancestors of Israel as a nation until they entered the land of Canaan, and so on. This paper aims to reconstruct the history of Israel's religion in the context of the Old Testament world. To achieve this goal, the researcher uses a literature approach by analyzing the occurrence of the Old Testament canon, the context of the Old Testament, the history of the Israelites, and Israel's religion. The results of this study conclude that the religion of Israel occurred through the development process of the religious system that existed at that time. The claim that Israel's religion was imported from outside, then came into conflict with the Canaanite religious system basically has no religious historical basis. The emergence of varieties of monotheism that occurred in Israel around the 2nd century BC as recorded by Josephus was the culmination of an inclusive form of monotheism which gradually developed into exclusive monotheism during the Hellenistic period. This indicates that Israel's religious system in the era of the first temple was not monotheistic, but polytheistic which in practice often took the form of henotheism and monolatry. This research is expected to contribute to the study of theological topics, especially in the study of the formation of the nation and religion of Israel.

Colore, sinestesia ed emozione nella cultura visuale tra Otto e Novecento

The idea that colour can have a psychological impact and in some way influence emotions has specific historical roots in the origins of modern visual culture. Therefore, this essay considers, in an epistemological perspective, the study of colour as a problem within the history of perception. Focusing on some key issues of the late 19th century artistic, cultural and psychophysiological debate on synaesthesia – in relation to the theories on colour and emotion –, this research interrogates in particular the link between image, sound, colour and the developments of chromatic music. The turn of the 20th century is a crucial moment to understand the historical basis of a new interpretation of colour, whose aesthetic effectiveness is connected to its power of conditioning the spectator’s senses. This article argues that the resulting emphasis on the viewer’s embodied reaction to colour also leads to rethink the status of still and moving images within the framework of immersive colour experiences based on the relationship between body, medium and senses.

Home / Archives / Vol 10 No 3 (2022) / Problema voluminis The Historical Experience of Reforming Russia in M. M. Speransky’s Projects and Notes

This article studies the historical basis of M. M. Speransky’s legislative projects and notes, the definition of features of historicism, and the identification of distinctive features of his concept and periodisation of the history of Russia. The most significant feature of Speransky’s historicism was a juridical view of the Russian past and also the fact that he regarded the Russian historical process as the evolution of legislation in close connection with the development of statehood. Special attention is paid to Speransky’s assessments of the modernisation processes of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the significance of domestic codes and, more particularly, the Regulations of 1649. Also, the author focuses on the role of the “reformers on the throne”, i. e. Peter I and Catherine II in developing domestic legislation and improving public administration. The reformer considered the governmental search for the ordering and systematisation of laws over the 100 years of the imperial period a single integral process and an integral part of Russian modernisation, and associated it with the reform of the administrative system of the empire. Nevertheless, he is characterised by a cautious and balanced attitude to the transformative legacy of the preceding eras. The ambiguity of Speransky’s historical assessments relied on the combination of Western-inspired and original tendencies in his historical consciousness. At the same time, the paper shows that his restrained characteristics of unsuccessful experiments on the creation of a new Code, the consequences and results of institutional reforms resulted from the official compromise-driven concept of state-building according to Western models with their adaptation to national conditions, which caused the Russian development model to catch up.

Directing for ballet as an adept of literary creation on the screen

The aim of the article is to identify problems of adaptation of ballet productions based on literary sources in the audiovisual space and to determine scientific landmarks that will contribute to a comprehensive study and analysis of the phenomenon of ballet art on the screen. Research methodology. An interdisciplinary approach based on the use of a number of general scientific methods was used in the study of the topic, in particular: a system of theoretical methods (induction, deduction, identification, complex art analysis, synthesis), which made it possible to develop a historical and factual basis. Methods of systematization and generalization came in handy to argue the originality of the phenomenon of ballet in the context of the screen arts. The typological method allowed us to consider common artistic principles in the creative experiments of screen and performing arts. In addition, analytical and systematic methods were used in their unity, which is necessary to study the art aspect of the problem. The scientific novelty of the study is to define directing as a universal and multi-vector variety of artistic and aesthetic activities; in clarifying the interaction and mutual enrichment of performing, screen arts and literature in the use of pictorial and expressive means; in certain features of the director's activity through screen adaptation of literary work and stage means of ballet art in film and television productions of theatrical productions, which for the first time became the subject of special research; in identifying the original principles of construction of screen works based on ballet productions. Conclusions. It is proved that the audiovisual work of directors contributes to the widespread popularization of ballet, choreographers, and ballet dancers, as well as calls into question the claims of film and television theorists about the danger of invading stage culture on the screen.
 Key words: directing, screen arts, ballet, directing means, stage production, film adaptation.