Historicity Research Articles

Study on Residual Oil Distribution Law during the Depletion Production and Water Flooding Stages in the Fault-Karst Carbonate Reservoirs

The fault-karst carbonate reservoir is a new type of deep carbonate oil and gas resource and a target for exploration and development. The distribution of remaining oil in this kind of oilfield is very complicated because of its unique reservoir characteristics of vertical migration and accumulation, segmented accumulation, and differential accumulation. Therefore, the S91 reservoir block, a typical fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir in the Tahe oilfield, was taken as the object of this research. According to the development characteristics as well as the porosity and permeability characteristics of the fracture-vuggy, the reservoirs were divided into three types: cave, pore, and fracture. A numerical simulation model of the fracture-vuggy reservoir of the S91 unit was established, and the historical fitting accuracy with dynamic production data was more than 90%. Then, the distribution characteristics of the remaining oil in the depletion stage of the fault-karst carbonate reservoir were further studied and based on the analysis of the reservoir water-flood flow line, the remaining oil distribution characteristics in the depletion stage of the fault solution reservoir were revealed. The results show that the remaining oil distribution patterns during the depletion production stage can be divided into three types: attic type, bottom water coning type, bottom water running type. Due to the serious problem of the bottom aquifer lifting caused by the reservoir development, the residual oil between wells was relatively abundant during the depletion production stage. According to the simulation results, the remaining oil distribution modes in the water drive development stage were identified as three types: sweeping the middle between wells, bottom water connection and circulation, and oil separation through high-permeability channels. In addition, the reservoir connectivity was the main controlling factor for the remaining oil distribution in the fault-karst carbonate reservoir.

Saxo Grammaticus's Account of the Viking Age Site on the Danish Island of Hjarnø in Gesta Danorum

Saxo Grammaticus's Account of the Viking Age Site on the Danish Island of Hjarnø in <i>Gesta Danorum</i>

Secularization Theory’s Differentiation Problem: Revisiting the Historical Relationship between Differentiation and Religion

Much theorizing about secularization tells a “differentiation story” that puts a historical process of structural differentiation at the center of its understanding of secularization. The heart of the story is the claim that the increasing differentiation of social spheres over time freed the “secular” spheres of life (politics, economics, etc.) from religious control or domination. This conceptual framing has been widely shared by scholars in the field, not only by adherents of the classical secularization paradigm, but also their leading critics in the supply-side and historicist–revisionist schools. While the story sometimes serves a purely descriptive function, at other times it is used to explain secularization (i.e., differentiation causes secularization). A close examination of the differentiation story, however, raises questions about the historical accuracy and theoretical plausibility of some of its core assumptions. Aspects of the differentiation story that require critical reconsideration include the empirical accuracy of its historical generalizations, its underspecified notion of “spheres,” and its explanatory assumption that some spheres are innately or properly nonreligious.

The First Indigenous Anglican Diocese of Western Africa: Contested Legacy of the Diocese on the Niger and CMS Mission in Igboland

AbstractAs Nigeria grew as an independent nation, the role of the Church Missionary Society (CMS) began to evolve, reflecting the needs of a burgeoning multi-ethnic society. This transformation is particularly evident in the Diocese on the Niger – the first indigenous Anglican diocese in Western Africa – a topic of debate within various factions of the Church of Nigeria, Anglican Communion. These contentions – centred on historical accuracy, heritage and primacy – mirror broader socio-political disputes concerning the Igbo people’s history and reveal postwar ethnocentric trends in Nigeria. We propose that the strategic positioning of the Diocese on the Niger was part of the CMS mission’s expansion plan into Islamic-dominated Western and Northern Nigeria. Igboland, with its geographical significance and potential as a fertile ground for the gospel, was a deliberate choice. The debates around these contested viewpoints and legacies epitomize the societal disputes over historical interpretation and its theological implications – extending beyond the events themselves and prompting reflection on the embodiment of Christ’s teachings in navigating socio-political complexities. These discussions go beyond religious or geographical disagreements – they symbolize a broader struggle to understand and interpret the past.

The ethno-historiographical Value of Ovid's "Sorrows" and "Pontics"

The text of Ovid's Tomitian elegies for centuries served as not only historiographical but also ethnographical source for scientific research and will continue to be used in investigations related to antiquity. In this research, attention is drawn to the fact that since the last decades of the last century, for the first time in world historiography, in prestigious works, researchers question the historical authenticity of many facts, transmitted by Ovid in "Tristi" and "Pontic". Demonstrating the historiographical character of the rendering of local realities and eliminating the poetic framework that concerns not only the climatic image and the way of life of the inhabitants of Tomis and its surroundings, but also the ethnolinguistic situation in the country of exile, the authors try to deny the documentary and, implicitly, ethnographic value of the work Ovidian. The article refers only to information about the ethno-glottic situation in the West Pontic lands. The uncertain state of the historiography of the time with regard to the problem posed, the predominantly non-critical use of historical information from Ovid's Tomitan work, the imprecise character of the development of methods for determining the degree of reliability and informativeness of the Ovidian artistic text conditioned the servile use of historiographical sources . The problem related to understanding the interpretation and poetic specificity of Ovidiu's creation from exile defined the purpose of interpreting the artistic text as a historiographical source, in general, and the civilizational one of Ovidiu, in particular. Based on the historical-philological study of the text, the possibility of using information from Ovid's text as trustworthy in historical research is elucidated.

Assessing tradeoffs between current and desired vegetation condition in a National Park using historical maps and high‐resolution lidar data

In the United States, National Park Service Civil War battlefield units are managed for both historical accuracy (i.e. to represent landscape conditions at the time of the conflict for historical interpretation), and for natural resource protection. However, managing for both goals can create conflicts as many battlefields were largely open or in second growth forests historically, but now harbor significant forest resources after more than 100 years of preservation. Managing for historical accuracy therefore may require maintenance of the landscape in a successional stage out of phase with the current landscape. We use historical landscape maps and current high‐resolution forest structure data derived from lidar to examine tradeoffs in returning the landscape of a major Civil War battlefield (Wilderness Battlefield) to conditions present at the time of the battle. We demonstrate that National Park battlefield units can harbor significant forest resources in contrast to the surrounding landscape, especially in areas of intense commercial, urban, and suburban development. Managing for or restoring landscapes to historical conditions could have important ecological implications.

"Raised by Implication": C.S. Lewis's Studies in Words and Historical and Moral Judgment

C. S. Lewis wrote Studies in Words "to help students understand the lexical and historical meaning of certain common words, in effect, to assist “a more accurate reading of old books.” His choice of words, with their classical, European, and British contexts, is reflective of Lewis’s vocation as a professor of English literature. However, the chosen words also contain moral meanings. While the primary purpose of Studies is to train the reader in making conceptual distinctions, it also provides a kind of training in interpretive and historical responsibility that runs parallel with Lewis’s view of the natural moral law. The twin concerns of historical accuracy and ethical judgment are always beneath the surface in Studies in Words, for Lewis is modeling for his readers an understanding of public meaning and lexical change, along with a psychology of agency based on beliefs and intentions that is worth engaging, even accepting or rejecting.5 That is, he is practicing what he recommends in The Abolition of Man—a formative education with commitment.

The Nightmare Island: Representations of St. Barthélemy in Swedish Novels

The Nightmare Island: Representations of St. Barthélemy in Swedish Novels

The sacred space of the Yenisei North in virtual projects

The historical and cultural heritage of the Yenisei North has been formed over several centuries. The article provides recommendations on the use of new methods related to the graphic, digital reconstruction of unique sacred objects of Russian old-timers of the Yenisei North. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the article for the first time analyzes the results of research and design work with cultural heritage, its presentation by means of 3D modeling and the creation of virtual tours of the Siberian Federal University, since 2009. The author's developments on modeling the lost objects of Yeniseisk and the Lower Angara region, prepared on the basis of photographic documents and scientific and technical information, are analyzed. The information potential of panoramic photography of more than 20 objects of religious heritage of the Yenisei North, the territory of the primary settlement of Russians in Eastern Siberia is revealed. Using the example of the information system of the Siberian Federal University "SACRA", developed by the authors, a classification description of objects and methods for providing distributed access to data on sacred objects to representatives of the professional community and a wide audience are proposed. It is concluded that such a digital platform allows to reveal the cultural potential of the Yenisei North, expands the possibilities of branding the territory, promotes the popularization of the historical and cultural heritage of the most remote territories, and increases historical knowledge about individual objects. New digital technologies make it possible to create aesthetically outstanding visualizations while preserving the historical authenticity of the reconstructed objects. In addition, it remains possible to introduce interactive technologies and publish virtual reconstruction on the Internet. The created virtual "product" has the possibility of long-term improvement, it is designed for development, expansion and possible correction.As new sources, historical information, artifacts are revealed, as well as new technological opportunities appear, the already created digital complex of the sacred space of the Yenisei North will receive both updated content and an updated creative form of presentation.

Henrik Ibsen, Emperor Julian, and the crisis of faith in modernity

AbstractAlthough it is one of his lesser known and performed plays, Henrik Ibsen considered Emperor and Galilean to be his Hovedverk—his ‘main’ or ‘pivotal’ work—in which he finally presented his positive worldview. It remains comparatively little studied in scholarship, though one scholar has recently argued that it is the key to unlocking his entire corpus. The present study builds upon past scholarship uncovering the works Ibsen drew upon in writing the play but goes beyond the mere question of its historical sources and accuracy to consider Ibsen’s purpose for including the specific and precise pieces of historical texture he chose in the particular order and configuration he devised. In short, we aim to identify the creative purposes for his curating of the historical details he took from his sources. What emerges from our analysis is that, even when Ibsen is following the sources, his protagonist stands out as a strikingly modern figure, more at home in the nineteenth century than the fourth. Ibsen portrays his Julian struggling with doubt and uncertainty of a distinctly modern caste; he puts in his mouth criticisms of Christianity that stem from modernity rather than the historical figure; and he suggests that, just as Christianity had to prove victorious over paganism in late antiquity, so Christianity itself must be superseded in the modern era, though perhaps some aspects of it are worth preserving in the yet-to-arrive third empire.

A real-time assessment of inflation nowcasting at the Cleveland Fed

Using a model based on staff research, the Cleveland Fed's website provides daily nowcasts—or near-term predictions—of multiple US inflation measures for public use. In this Commentary, we compare the historical predictive accuracy of the model behind those inflation nowcasts with the accuracy of inflation nowcasts coming from competing sources: surveys of professional forecasters and alternative statistical models. We find that our inflation nowcasts have performed relatively well in these comparisons, both over a long sample and a short sample that focuses on the period since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Canonizing De Kom

How did Anton de Kom become national heritage? This essay argues that De Kom’s successful canonization is owed in significant part to his sacralization. It shows that in De Kom’s case, the sacralizing power of heritage has three dimensions: his narrative framing, his image, and his status as ancestor. Highlighting these processes of sacralization allows a critical rereading of how De Kom is inscribed in postcolonial politics of memory in the Netherlands. The focus by postcolonial historians on historical accuracy and reading archives against or “along the grain” is crucial, but a secular perspective does not fully answer what makes certain historical narratives persuasive to particular audiences. Paying closer attention to this sacralizing power of heritage can provide new insights into workings of postcolonial memory and heritage.

Wikipedia’s Intentional Distortion of the History of the Holocaust

ABSTRACT This essay uncovers the systematic, intentional distortion of Holocaust history on the English-language Wikipedia, the world’s largest encyclopedia. In the last decade, a group of committed Wikipedia editors have been promoting a skewed version of history on Wikipedia, one touted by right-wing Polish nationalists, which whitewashes the role of Polish society in the Holocaust and bolsters stereotypes about Jews. Due to this group’s zealous handiwork, Wikipedia’s articles on the Holocaust in Poland minimize Polish antisemitism, exaggerate the Poles’ role in saving Jews, insinuate that most Jews supported Communism and conspired with Communists to betray Poles (Żydokomuna or Judeo–Bolshevism), blame Jews for their own persecution, and inflate Jewish collaboration with the Nazis. To explain how distortionist editors have succeeded in imposing this narrative, despite the efforts of opposing editors to correct it, we employ an innovative methodology. We examine 25 public-facing Wikipedia articles and nearly 300 of Wikipedia’s back pages, including talk pages, noticeboards, and arbitration cases. We complement these with interviews of editors in the field and statistical data gleaned through Wikipedia’s tool suites. This essay contributes to the study of Holocaust memory, revealing the digital mechanisms by which ideological zeal, prejudice, and bias trump reason and historical accuracy. More broadly, we break new ground in the field of the digital humanities, modelling an in-depth examination of how Wikipedia editors negotiate and manufacture information for the rest of the world to consume.

Pakistan, Rushdie and Shame

The objective of this research paper is to investigate the fragments of historical reality regarding the military coup in Pakistan. In Salman Rushdie's novel Shame, the concept of shame refers to the national shame caused by an attack on democracy. From the standpoint of New Historicism, the work contains several traces and pieces of history relating to the military takeover during Bhutto's government in Pakistan. In Rushdie's Shame, physical details and cruel and horrible acts cover numerous historical truths. Suffiya is a representation of the shame she experienced. She first expresses the shame through her normally ashamed expression. Later, the internal guilt manifests as disease. She keeps feeling more and more ashamed. In this study, a fragment of historical truth about the military coup and the ensuing loss of democracy in Pakistan is indirectly examined beneath the literary specifics of Salman Rushdie's novel Shame. In order to show how Zia's military coup overthrows democracy, the study claims that Rushdie makes many allusions to historical truth that are concealed under fiction and fantasy. The researcher uses the theory of New Historicism, particularly those interpretative tools advanced by Michel Foucault and Stephen Greenblatt, to interpret the text. As part of a qualitative research project, Salman Rushdie’s novel Shame was analyzed using the literary device of new historicism. The study came to the conclusion that Rushdie's Shame uses fiction and fantasy to depict the traces of historical fragments. By fictionalizing official history, it reveals the historical truth that lies behind historical actuality.

A Positivist Model of the Historical Novel for Youth in Polish Literature

The article is devoted to the history of the formation of the genre of the historical novel for youth in Polish literature. The model of this novel develops during the heyday of positivist literature, in the 80–90s of the 19th century, and remains relevant until 1918. The historical novel for youth is formed under the influence of the historical novels of J.I. Kraszewski and H. Sienkiewicz, it was influenced by the novels of Walter Scott and Alexander Dumas. In the positivist model of the historical novel for young people, cognitive function and patriotic education come out on top. Only the best authors managed to combine historical authenticity with a fascinating plot. Historical novels by W. Przyborowski, Z. Morawska, J. Łuszczewska have been published up to the present time.

Sir William Johnson’s Seal or Rufus Grider’s Imagination?: A Short Story on Historical Authenticity

ABSTRACT In a collection of Rufus Grider’s drawings at the New York State Library is the tracing of a document attributed to Sir William Johnson, acquired from the Senecas of western New York in 1898. An undated version appears in the published Johnson papers. The tracing is of interest as it contains Grider’s reconstructed sketch of Johnson’s wax seal, the elements of which wend their way into present-day discussions of the “two row wampum” and the Covenant Chain. Once examined, however, Grider’s wax seal is found to be an invention, rendering contemporary accounts of its historical relevance dubious.

Литературный источник оратории Ю. Буцко «Сказание о Пугачёвском бунте»: Есенин или Пушкин?

The article is devoted to Yu. M. Butsko's oratorio "The Legend of the Pugachev Rebellion". For the first time, an attempt is made to consider the reasons that prompted the composer to turn to the historical chronicle of A. S. Pushkin, to comprehend the problem of choosing a literary source. As a result of the research, conclusions are drawn that, having given preference to Pushkin's "Pugachev's History", Yu. M. Butsko proved himself as an author, on the one hand, gravitating towards historical authenticity, and on the other hand — as a composer of religious orientation. These essential features of Butsko's creative personality are manifested on the conceptual, dramatic and musical levels of the composition under consideration.

Examples of critical analysis of historical fiction on its historical authenticity in history lessons

Examples of critical analysis of historical fiction on its historical authenticity in history lessons

Риторика войны и риторика мира в «Записках о великом мире». Записки о великом мире, свиток 33, раздел 4. О том, как топились голодавшие. Пер. со старояп. и примеч. И.А. Тюленева

Current paper examines the views on war and war consequences in medieval Japan. The reference text is How starving people drowned (Kinin mi [wo] nageru koto), the 4th section of the 33rd scroll of the samurai tales Records of Great Peace (Taihei ki), which was completed in the second half of the 14th cen­tury. This passage describes the Japanese capital Kyoto after the devastating bat­tles for the city in 1352–1355. Battles were fought between supporters of the two branches of the sovereign dynasty, the Southern and Northern courts. As a result, the family of a certain junior official of samurai origin was forced to wander and ultimately commit suicide. In the course of the study the Kinin mi [wo] nageru koto section was firstly translated into European language. A detailed analysis of the translated text is presented in the paper below. This fragment is present in the oldest manuscripts of the Taihei ki, obtains considerable artistical, didactic and historical value, and still having an impact on Japanese culture. The aim of cur­rent study is to determine the views on war presented in the text. For this aim, linguistic and stylistic features, historical accuracy, narrative structure, logical framework, target audiences, author’s position, as well as possible interpretations in Buddhist and Neo-Confucian perspectives are considered. The conclusions of the study could provide not only a deep understanding of circumstances of the text creation and its key features, but also some thoughts regarding the perception of military operations in Japanese tales on wars.

Black Actors: Eighteenth-Century Cultures and Decolonial Fantasies

Black Actors:Eighteenth-Century Cultures and Decolonial Fantasies Patricia Anne Simpson Beyond the scholarly sources found in specialized archives, libraries, and bookshelves (or digitized downloads), streaming services and popular series have piqued widespread interest in a Black presence in eighteenth-century European cultures. A number of binge-worthy shows—among them Shonda Rhimes Bridgerton (2021–22), Tony McNamara's The Great: An Occasionally True Story (season 1) and The Great: An Almost Entirely Untrue Story (season 2), and La cocinera de Castamar—adapted from a novel by Fernando J. Múñez by the same name, feature Black characters whose identities are comprised in unequal parts of historical fact, decolonial fantasies, and professionally progressive color-blind casting practices. Bridgerton imagines a Regency world in which Black royalty and aristocrats coexist with tradespeople and merchants. The presence of Black courtiers in the dark dramedy that unfolds in the Russia of Catherine II (The Great) raised some viewers' eyebrows, but the historical record attests to the partial reality of this "occasionally true story."1 And Múñez's novel follows the path of the protagonist, Clara Belmonte, an agoraphobic cook who catches the eye of a widowed duke in the palace Castamar, as she navigates her affliction and the marriage intrigues that surround the hero. Her character is loosely based on a composite of historical figures—the royal kitchen of Philip V was staffed by men—the person of interest is the duke's adopted brother, Gabriel de Castamar, a formerly enslaved Black man who was educated and elevated into the family. These amalgams of fact and fiction veer into controversies about historical accuracy and the inability of fantasy to right centuries of wrong. Each story indistinctly maps a topography transversed by economic, racial, and cultural politics networking Africa, Europe, and the Americas around 1800. Much is made of Catherine's Germanness, deftly delivered by Elle Fanning, in The Great—in particular, the ability to transfer Enlightenment theory into political practice. Perhaps we can imagine a popularized version of "Frederick—The Great?," but the Forschungsstand offers compelling reading with greater gravitas, for much current German studies scholarship is engaged in the project of decolonizing the long eighteenth century. The Black Lives Matter movements galvanized anti-Black-racist activism, which directly or indirectly has an impact on the work we do: this scholarship itself has a history—Black lives have always mattered.2 Of crucial significance, scholars across disciplines and regions are collaborating to make [End Page 119] hitherto unnoticed or marginalized materials widely available. One sterling example is the website Black Central Europe (https://blackcentraleurope.com/), which argues, "quite simply, that Black people have always been a part of Central European history."3 Literary and cultural studies scholars, among them Wendy Sutherland and Obenewaa Oduro-Opuni, have examined the texts and contexts of dramas and the Sklavenstücke.4 In early December 2021, the Merian Institute for Advanced Studies in Africa hosted a symposium devoted to the work of Wilhelm Anton Amo. Professor Josephat Obi Oguejiofor gave the keynote address, arguing for the central importance of Amo's influence on contemporary African philosophy. The unveiling of an Amo memorial plaque in the Department of Philosophy enhanced the solemnity of the proceedings, dedicated to the life and work of the first Black scholar to earn a degree from the University of Halle—Oguejifor noted that it would be more than two centuries before the second. Professor Oguejiofor also honored the legacy of Amo in African philosophy, lamenting that his name has yet to become widely known. Further, he affirmed the hybridity of Amo's life and work as Afro-European and Ghanaian-German and acknowledged the importance of studies by W. E. Abraham and V. Emma-Adamah as well as translations. Presenters from Ghana, Germany, Sweden, Nigeria, France, and the United States shared work on topics that included Amo's theory of impassivity (apatheia), his Tractatus, the theory of knowledge, migration policies, and the rights of Blacks in Europe, among others.5 As Oguejifor stated, "We do not need Amo and his success to tell us that slavery and racism, that these two practices are horrendous. … "It is likely that Kant knew of...