Historical Appendix Research Articles

“Prophetic Historiography”: Understanding the Role of Jeremiah 52 in the Book of Jeremiah

ABSTRACT The uniqueness of Jer 52, its distance from the prophetic figure, and our understanding of the nature of prophetic books have resulted in Jeremiah’s concluding chapter being labeled a historical appendix that merely affirms the prophet’s predictions. In this article, I propose that Jer 52 is more than a mere appendix and instead presents a Jeremianic account of Jerusalem’s fall that is distinct from 2 Kgs 25 and informed by the words of the prophet and patterns of the book in chs. 1-51. This is demonstrated by the chapter’s significant differences from 2 Kgs 25 that echo Jeremiah’s message. Such a reading is affirmed by later biblical authors, namely the Chronicler, who view Jerusalem’s fall through the lens of Jeremiah’s words.

Commentary on the Community of Christ Doctrine and Covenants

Commentary on the Community of Christ Doctrine and Covenants

Historical Appendix: How Do Institutions of Higher Education Affect Local Invention? Evidence from the Establishment of U.S. Colleges

This appendix describes in detail the college site selection decisions used in the paper How Do Institutions of Higher Education Affect Local Invention? Evidence from the Establishment of U.S. Colleges (Andrews 2020).

Historical Appendix on Feminism and Names (to Marital Naming/Naming Marriage: Language and Status in Family Law)

Debates about married women's names played an important role in challenges to the status of women in 19th and 20th century feminism. This appendix highlights the significance of naming to broader feminist movements, and the view of women's names as indicative of women's public status. This Appendix accompanies my working paper, Marital Naming/Naming Marriage: Language and Status in Family Law.

Punishing hate: bias crimes under American law

Preface Introduction: The Challenges Punishing Hate 1. What Is a Bias Crime? 2. How Are Bias Crimes Different? 3. Why Are Bias Crimes Worse? 4. Who Is Guilty a Bias Crime? 5. Are Bias Crime Laws Constitutional? 6. What Is the Federal Role in Prosecuting Bias Crimes? 7. Why Punish Hate? Appendixes A. State Bias Crime Laws B. Sample Discriminatory Selection Statutes C. Sample Racial Animus Statutes D. Sample Because of Statutes E. Sample Because of Statutes with Additional Element Maliciousness F. Sample Institutional Vandalism Statutes Other Relevant Statutes Historical Appendix Notes Bibliographical Essay Acknowledgments Index

Heating of tissues by microwaves: a model analysis.

We consider the thermal response times for heating of tissue subject to nonionizing (microwave or infrared) radiation. The analysis is based on a dimensionless form of the bioheat equation. The thermal response is governed by two time constants: one (tau1) pertains to heat convection by blood flow, and is of the order of 20-30 min for physiologically normal perfusion rates; the second (tau2) characterizes heat conduction and varies as the square of a distance that characterizes the spatial extent of the heating. Two idealized cases are examined. The first is a tissue block with an insulated surface, subject to irradiation with an exponentially decreasing specific absorption rate, which models a large surface area of tissue exposed to microwaves. The second is a hemispherical region of tissue exposed at a spatially uniform specific absorption rate, which models localized exposure. In both cases, the steady-state temperature increase can be written as the product of the incident power density and an effective time constant tau(eff), which is defined for each geometry as an appropriate function of tau1 and tau2. In appropriate limits of the ratio of these time constants, the local temperature rise is dominated by conductive or convective heat transport. Predictions of the block model agree well with recent data for the thresholds for perception of warmth or pain from exposure to microwave energy. Using these concepts, we developed a thermal averaging time that might be used in standards for human exposure to microwave radiation, to limit the temperature rise in tissue from radiation by pulsed sources. We compare the ANSI exposure standards for microwaves and infrared laser radiation with respect to the maximal increase in tissue temperature that would be allowed at the maximal permissible exposures. A historical appendix presents the origin of the 6-min averaging time used in the microwave standard.

Growth curves and logxas initiators of calculus

Elementary analysis contains a subject that traditionally gives difficulties, viz. the rudiments of ax log a x and logx. As to ax the irrationality of x may be seen as the only problem. This, however, can be solved by a few easy theorems, that equally reach log a x. There is certainly no need for a preliminary introduction of log x (e.g. by means of the integral of x ‐1) as a basis for log a x and ax. As to log x itself, an easy proof of the monotonicity of (ax — 1 )/x simplifies the definition. A graphical illustration suggesting this definition is at hand. Afterwards all essentials of log x and exp x follow without difficulty and before calculus is taken up. This new approach even changes the approach to calculus. The fact that the preliminary position of log x with respect to calculus has not been clear, seems to be the source of the traditional difficulties. A historical appendix refers to some findings of Napier, Briggs and Huygens that apply to this matter.