Historical Adventure Research Articles

On the coordinate change in the Turkish literary process

Abstract: In this study, the author examines the literary landscape in Turkey given the new dimension opened by the vertical gradation of fiction. The division of literature into high literature (classic), middle-tier (Belles-lettres), and low-tier literature (for mass consumption) is becoming increasingly prominent. Belles-lettres seems to be the most mobile of those, with its representatives being able to, over time, find themselves both at the top and the bottom rung of this paradigm. Zülfü Livaneli's works straddle the line between the high literature and belles-lettres, while books by Barış Müstecaplıoğlu are a perfect example of mass literature becoming regarded as belles-lettres. Another productive approach is horizontal gradation – dividing modern Turkish literature into genres. This is especially true for mass literature, where a clear classification into genres and subgenres is pretty much a precondition for existence. The study singles out such genres of mass literature as detective novels, women's romance novels, and historical adventure novels. Speculative fiction occupies a special place in this, with its genre affiliation being a topic of major discussions. The Turkish literature of the 2000s features several principal genres of speculative fiction: sci-fi (K. Kutlu, G. Berkkan, H. Balçı) with alternative history being a part of such (G. Dayıoğlu, H. Kakınç); fantasy with its subgenres of urban fantasy (S. Yemni, S. Atasoy, G. Elikbank, F. O. Şeran, C. Yücel), "sword and sorcery" fantasy (B. Müstecaplıoğlu, A. Aras, G. Canbaba) and dark fantasy (S. Ersin, G. Öğüt), as well as the genre of dystopia (A. Şaşa). In conclusion, the author argues that analyzing literary pieces necessitates operating with both the vertical and horizontal paradigms simultaneously.

Restitution process in conservation: Exploring the historical adventure of Derik Former Government Building

Derik Old Government Building, with its architectural structure, is one of the leading examples of civil architecture that reflects the local architecture and construction technique of Derik district of Mardin. The building was registered as the 1st Group in 2006 and is not used today. It has been used in different functions by the local people until today and has taken its current form with the additions made in different periods. In the archive records scanning, no information or document was found that the restoration project was drawn. In this context, it is necessary to reveal the historical evolution of the building in order to ensure the sustainability of the building and to maintain its historical identity. The aim of the restitution research of the historical building is to determine the changes that the building has undergone until today, to find its original state based on scientific data, to find the periods it went through and to lay the groundwork for the restoration work. As a method in the study, comparative studies were made with examples of similar periods, and determinations were made about the structure in line with the existing traces in the building. In addition, oral interviews were conducted with the people living in the region in order to better understand the historical process of the building. In the results of the study, it was determined that there were two periods related to the structure. It is understood that the upper floor was built later, since the traces from the building, the door and window alignments, the construction technique and the wall alignments of the lower and upper floors are not in the same direction. It is not known exactly when the ground floor was built, but according to the inscription on the mosque next to it, it was built before 1846. It is estimated that the first floor was built at the end of the 19th century.

The Nightmare Island: Representations of St. Barthélemy in Swedish Novels

The Nightmare Island: Representations of St. Barthélemy in Swedish Novels

Cadaver embalming and fixing solutions from past to present

Cadaver and organ embalming-fixing solutions have a long history. The aim of this study is to follow this historical adventure step by step and to consider the point of embalming and fixation solutions. This study was carried out on the literature published to Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct between 2000 and 2021. During the search, “cadaver, cadaver dissection, cadaver detection, cadaver use, cadaver embalming, cadaver preservation and organ preservation” were chosen as keywords. The discovery of formaldehyde in 1869 was clearly a turning point for cadaver and organ embalming-fixing solutions, and formaldehyde-based solutions are widely used even today. However, in addition to formaldehyde-based solutions, there are methods such as plastinization, paraffinization, resin embedding methods. It is clearly seen in the literature that formaldehyde-based solutions have serious side effects in terms of human health. Therefore, scientists have developed different methods. However, these methods have both application difficulties and accessibility problems compared to formaldehyde-based methods. Solutions that can prevent these problems should be produced in a short time.

Examining the Historical Adventure of Nationalism Literature by the Method of Bibliometric Analysis

Bu çalışma, dünyadaki milliyetçilik akademik yazınının gelişimini bibliyometrik analiz aracılığıyla değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Akademik yazında milliyetçiliğin gelişiminin nasıl şekillendiği soruna cevap arayan bu çalışmanın bir benzerinin -milliyetçilik yazınına dair Türkiye’de bibliyometrik bir çalışmanın- bulunmaması, bu çalışmayı daha anlamlı hale getirmektedir. Bu bağlamada Türk siyaset bilimi yazınına katkı sağlamak, bu çalışmanın hedeflerinden bir diğerini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Web of Science veri tabanında milliyetçilik ile yazının gelişimine göre onunla ilişkili kavramlar ve teorilere yönelik 1975-2021 yılları arasındaki 9175 makaleyi incelemektedir. Söz konusu makaleler; atıf analizi, ortak yazar analizi, ülkelere göre ortak atıf analizi, ülkelere göre ortak yazar analizi, ortak varlık analizi ve bibliyometrik haritalama aracılığıyla ele alınmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmanın sonucuna göre; milliyetçilik, ırkçılık, etnisite ve modernizm kavramlarının multidisipliner ve interdisipliner bir nitelik sergileyen milliyetçilik yazınında geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de oldukça yoğun bir şekilde çalışıldığı ve gelecekte milliyetçiliğin bir çalışma alanı olarak potansiyel varlığını sürdürdüğü tespit edilmiştir.

Atom Teorileri Paradigma Değişimi Açısından Değerlendirilebilir mi?

Atom is one of the most controversial and interesting subjects of first natural philosophy and natural sciences. It has preoccupied people's minds since ancient times. This historical adventure, which started with the ancient Greek atomism and Muslim scholars in the Middle Ages also contributed to ideas of atom. Since atomism was far from the possibilities of experimentation in the early periods, it was tried to be proved by rational reasoning. XIX. In the 19th century, the concept of the atom has become one of the fundamental phenomena of modern science. By the 20th century, it was understood that this fundamental particle, which was thought to be indivisible, could be divided into more fundamental parts, thanks to both experimental evidence and scientific and technological developments. In fact, thanks to the atom, energies that could not even be imagined before having begun to be obtained.
 In our study, first, this journey of the atom will be discussed. Later, the Kuhnian approach, which deeply affected the history of science studies in the second half of the 20th century, will be examined. For this, the concepts of paradigm and non-comparability will be discussed. Then, the place of this Kuhnian approach in the history of the atom, which is given in the first part of the study, will be discussed. The Kuhnian paradigm was frequently used by Kuhn and his followers, especially in explanations in the history of astronomy. In our study, it will be shown in the explanatory power of this approach is weak when the atomic history is examined.

Kurumsal İktisadın İktisadi Düşünceye Katkıları

İnsan davranışlarının iktisadi olay ve olgular üzerindeki etkisine yönelik ilginin son yıllarda artarak devam ettiği görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda, davranışların istikrar kazanarak, düşünceden eyleme kadar, toplumun paydaşları için tercih sınırlarını belirleyen ve bireysel eylemin çerçevesini oluşturan formel-enformel kurallar seti halini aldığı kurumlar, gerçek dünya ile uyumlu bir iktisadi düşünce sistemi geliştirilebilmesi açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. İktisadi olay ve olgulara yönelik dinamik bakış açısıyla kurumsal iktisadi gelenek, kurumların iktisadi düzen üzerindeki etkisini farklı açılardan değerlendirerek önemli keşifler ortaya koymuş ve bu alanda büyük bir açığı kapatmıştır. Bu çalışma ile Thorstein B. Veblen’in Darvinci evrim yaklaşımını temel alarak ortaya koyduğu öncü çalışmalarla başlayan kurumsal iktisadın tarihsel serüveni, eski ve yeni kurumsal iktisat perspektifinden ele alınmıştır. Geleneğin önde gelen temsilcilerinin kurumları analize dâhil emek suretiyle iktisadi düşünceye yapmış oldukları katkılar ortaya konularak, insan davranışlarının iktisadi etkisine yönelik çalışmalara kurumsallaşmış davranış perspektifinden de bir kapı aralanması amaçlanmıştır. Buna ek olarak kurumsal geleneğin sürdürülebilmesine yönelik değerlendirmeler ele alınmış, günümüz hâkim iktisadi yaklaşım çerçevesinde söz konusu geleneğin avantaj ve dezavantajları vurgulanmıştır.

Defending the Unity of Wujud

Tasavvufun; ilimler arasındaki konumu, şeriat-hakikat ilişkisi bağlamında eşyanın hakikatlerinin bilinmesindeki metodolojisi, Tanrı-insan ve Tanrı-âlem ilişkisi hakkındaki yorumları tarih boyunca tartışılagelmiştir. Zaman içerisinde bu tartışmalar vahdet-i vücûd adı ile bilinen metafizik anlayış etrafında temerküz etmiş, lehte ve aleyhte birçok eser kaleme alınmıştır. XVIII. yüzyılda yaşamış Abdülganî Nâblusî (ö. 1143/1731)’nin vahdet-i vücûd müdafaasını konu edinen bu kitapta ise vahdet-i vücûd üzerindeki tartışmaların tarihsel serüveni ve teorik zemini özet biçimde ele alınarak meseleye dair muhtasar ancak bütüncül bir bakış açısı sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Playing (Against) the Heritage: Absolutism and the French Revolution in French Digital Games Before 2000

This article demonstrates how digital games can confirm or subvert national historical discourses. The author analyzes selected 20th-century French historical adventure digital games about absolutist France and the subsequent French Revolution. Although most of them focused on reconstructing the era (e.g., the state-funded Versailles 1685), the emphasis is placed on two games by Patrick Beaujouan ( Le Passager du temps and Conspiration de l’an III). Their subversive content undermined the sense of reconstructing historical events on the screen. However, as the author concludes, the subversive content of Beaujouan’s games had its prize because they lacked the technical and institutional support that restorative projects such as Versailles 1685 had. However, Beaujouan’s games show that every “historical” game tells us more about contemporary discourses than past events.

Khawāṭir as a Key Concept in the Formative Period of Sufism: al-Ḥārith al-Muḥāsibī’s Approach

Tasavvuf, kelam ve felsefe ehline müntesip düşünürler ḫavāṭır kavramını hicri üçüncü asırdan itibaren farklı anlayış biçimleriyle ele alır. El-Hāris̠ el-Muḥāsibī (ö. 243/857) de ḫavāṭırı ahlaki ve pratik bir zeminde riʿāyet anlayışının temel bir unsuru olarak işler. Onun yaşadığı dönemde kimi zahidlerin eylemlerini sübjektif tecrübelerle elde ettikleri bilgilere dayandırmaları krize neden olan bir etkendir. Ayrıca bu bilgileri aktarmak için dāʿī/devāʿī, ʿāriḍ, vesvese, nezġ/nezeġāt, ḥadīs̠u’n-nefs, ilhām, ḥikmet ve maʿrifet gibi birçok ifade kullanmaları da kavram kargaşasına sebep olan diğer bir müessirdir. El-Muḥāsibī, tasavvufun bir din ilmi olarak teşekkülüne engel olan bu krizleri aşmak için anahtar bir kavram olarak sistematik ve bütüncül bir ḫavāṭır anlayışı geliştirir. Böylece dinî bir ilim olma yolunda ilerleyen tasavvufun bilgi yöntemini Kur’an ve sünnet temelli bir anlayış üzerinden inşa eder. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak el-Muḥāsibī’nin geliştirdiği bu anlayışının özgünlüğünü sorgulamak üzere ḫavāṭır kavramının din bilimlerinde kullanılmaya başlandığı tarihî serüven incelenmiş ve beraberinde el-Muḥāsibī’nin ḫavāṭır anlayışını oluştururken felsefe ve Muʿtezilī düşünürlerden etkilenip etkilenmediği mukayese edilerek tartışılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra ḫavāṭır kavramı üzerinden onun riʿāyet düşüncesi ve insan doğasına dair fikirleri açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada ḫavāṭıra benzeyen ifadelerin sebep olduğu kavram kargaşasına karşı el-Muḥāsibī’nin nasıl bir yöntem geliştirdiği, bireyin kalbine gelen ḫavāṭıra karşı sorumluluğunun ve epistemolojik değerinin ne olduğu saptanmıştır. Son olarak el-Muḥāsibī’nin ḫavāṭır konusu çerçevesinde muhalif ve muvafık olduğu zümreler tespit edilmiştir.

Nadia Maria el-Cheikh. Women, Islam and Abbasid Identity. Cambridge M.A: Harvard University Press, 2015.

This book, explores the historical adventure of the ideal woman identity in the early Islamic thought. However, it gives information about the nature of the ideal life (Islamic life) in line with the examples of women in question. In this way, it is emphasized how the ideal life differs from the period of Jāhiliyya. Here, while the period of Jāhiliyya is evaluated as disorder, lawlessness and aberration, the Islamic life is shown as order and justice image. In this respect, Islam has been conceptualized as an alternative to the corrupt life of the Jāhiliyya as well as being the reference to the religion.

The evolution of European stunt art (50–70s of the twentieth century)

The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the formation and development of stunt art in French cinema of the 1950-1970s; analyze the contribution to the process of formation in the European film industry stunt as a profession of French actors and performers of film stunts. Methodology. The scientific provisions of the article are reasoned at the level of the totality of general scientific methods of cognition and approaches of modern art history. The historical, analytical and typological methods were applied, which contributed to determining the specifics of the professionalization process of stunt art in the French film industry in the 1950-1970s, as well as the typological features of cinema stunts of the leading French stuntmen; a method of comparative analysis (to identify the characteristic signs of stunt activities before and after professionalization) and other. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Russian art criticism, the process of development and professionalization of stunt art in European cinema of the 1950-1970s has been studied. on the example of the evolution of French historical stunt scenes (films “cloak and sword”), adventure and detective films; reviewed and analyzed the professional activities of C. Carlier, R. Julien, J. Delamard and other French stuntmen of this period; revealed the influence of American stunt performers, the specifics of the development of French stunt art, as well as characterized the evolution of stunt techniques, the use of existing ones and the development of new safety methods for their implementation. Conclusions. The content and nature of professional stunt activities in the context of cinematic art are non-static, since its dynamism is determined by the stunt status in the continuous qualification system. The stunt man is the stunt developer, stunt coordinator (stunt director), and the head of the stunt troupe. In the 50–70s. XX century in French cinema, a complex process of professionalization of stunt art took place, the motivation of which was the need to assimilate professional knowledge, skills, abilities, and expand the experience of professional activity. The specifics of the French movie stunts by C. Carlier, R. Julien, J. Delamard, and I. Cipher are manifested in originality, exposure to the viewer with a degree of risk, and a specially refined aesthetics.

Славянские фэнтези вчера и сегодня

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution and transformation of the Slavic fantasy genre on Russian soil: from its inception in the 1990s to the present day. Fantasy on the material of the events of the time of the pro-Slavic unity in Russia gained popularity and special significance. They solved the compensatory tasks of re-identification for the mass consciousness: with the collapse of the Soviet empire, the post-Soviet man needed a positive identity, which manifested itself in turning to the “great past” in predominantly heroic images. The subsequent historization and contextualization of the genre, its transformation from a fairy tale to a quasi-historical narrative was largely due to the influence of the ideologies spread by folk history. In the 2000s, Slavonic fantasy employs the mechanisms of routine, serialization, reduction, and convergence. In the 2010s, Slavic fantasy continues to be part of the national myth, gaining new genre forms — a film, a computer game, etc. However, new examples of the genre (in particular, Andrei Rubanov’s novel “Finist the Clear Falcon” of 2019) broadcast nostalgic moods in the aesthetic spirit retroutopia. If at the turn of the 1990–2000s Slavic fantasies became close to a historical adventure novel, now their rapprochement with a fairy tale is indicative.

Художній історизм у романі В. Рутківського «Джури козака Швайки»

The article deals with the peculiarities of historicism in Volodymyr Rutkivsky's novel “Dzhuras of Cossack Shvaika”. The historicism of V. Rutkivsky's works is presented not in its narrow interpretation – as an appeal to real historical facts and introduction of as many historical heroes as possible into the fabric of the text, but in a broad sense – as an artistic attempt understanding of Ukrainian history. It is emphasized that, despite the lack of historical facts and historical characters, the author managed to recreate the historical era of the late fifteenth century. This is the period of Cossacks emergence on Ukrainian lands. Thanks to artistic conjecture, the writer described the motives that moved Ukrainians at a crucial time to comprehend their own identity, which later led to the emergence of the center of Ukrainian statehood. The aim of the writer is to outline the historical landmarks for the formation of the Ukrainian national idea at the present stage with his historical adventure novels. This goal is realized through the reception of historical reconstruction. The reference points of the assertion of historical memory are the mentions of Kievan Rus, the battle of Blue Waters and the Cossack victory in the defense of the native land. The writer tries to instill to young reader a reverent attitude to the history of his land, presents an effective mechanism of self-determination of Ukrainians in the context of social and political relations – to respect himself as a descendant and successor of the traditions of his predecessors. V. Rutkivsky's artistic imagination helped to comprehend the causes and consequences of Ukrainian-Tatar contacts, to depict the historically accurate experience of previous generations. As a true historian, V. Rutkivsky shows the past not only of the Ukrainian ethnolinguistic community, but also of the foreign one, which lived in the territory that is now part of the Ukrainian state. The analysis of the artistic mastery peculiarities of the specific historical content in V. Rutkivsky's works proved the commonality of approaches in the depiction of historical reality in the novels “Blue Waters” and “Dzhuras of Cossack Shvaika”. It is proved that the mention of historical events in the novel performs several functions – contribute to the fabula unfolding, affect the vicissitudes of the novel, help to show the characters better.

Детский исторический нарратив начала XXI века (на материале повести Тамары Крюковой «Призрак Сети»)

In the core of the research is a modern Russian historical narrative for children. On the example of the historical adventure fiction “The Ghost of the Network” written by Tamara Kryukova the work identifies and describes the main characteristics of this type of narrative due to the trends in modern children’s literature, features of modern teenagers’ world perception, changed conditions of social life, etc. The artistic narrative is analyzed in the mainstream of discursiveness due to its open and fluid nature, the cultural and historical nature of the narrative artistic discourse and its inclusion in a wide cultural and discursive context, the polyphonic nature of the stories that form the basis of the narrative discourse of Tamara Kryukova’s children story “The Ghost of the Network”, which covers almost 700 years old and takes the reader to the distant era of Ancient Russia, the main “ingredients” of the historical narrative include the author’s fantasy in the form of a ghost from ancient history, which frightens a scientist who finds himself on a night highway, completely deserted by a mystical coincidence. The leading method is narrative analysis. Thematic and discourse analysis is used as an auxiliary method. In the course of the study, conclusions are drawn. The work reveals the features of a modern children’s historical narrative, combining elements of an adventure-fantasy genre, interweaving the past and the present, history and fiction, taking into account the peculiarities of a modern teenager, living not only in real, but also in virtual space. The enrichment of this story allows the authors to achieve cultural and historical continuity, give the text a semantic dimension, educational meanings, and include modern linguocultural national knowledge in it.

Christ's Subversive Body: Practices of Religious Rhetoric in Culture and Politics

Christ's Subversive Body: Practices of Religious Rhetoric in Culture and Politics

XII. ve XVI. Yüzyıllar Arası Eski Türk Edebiyatı Nesrine Bir Bakış

Türk edebiyatının tarihi seyri içinde manzum eserler yanında mensur eserler de kaleme alınmıştır. Nesrimizin tarihi serüveninin İslamiyet öncesi döneme ait Köktürk Kitabeleri ile başladığı bilinmektedir. İslamiyet öncesi dönem mensur eserleriyle İslami dönem mensur eserleri arasında köprü vazifesi gören XII. yüzyıl, bir geçiş dönemi gibidir. İslami döneme ait ilk mensur eserlerin XIII. yüzyılda telif edildiği bilinir. XVI. yüzyıla gelindiğinde ise mensur eserlerin sayısında artış gözlenir. Konu itibarıyla da oldukça geniş bir içeriğe sahip olan nesrimiz sade nesir, orta nesir ve süslü nesir (inşâ) olarak üç kolda gelişme gösterir. XII. ve XVI. yüzyıllar arasındaki Eski Türk Edebiyatı nesrini konu alan bu yazı, dönem eserlerinden örneklerle zenginleştirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Literary Concepts of Masculinity in Christian Kracht’s Imperium and Steffen Kopetzyk’s Risiko

Christian Kracht’s Imperium and Steffen Kopetzky’s Risiko can be described as historical adventure novels, which deal with the Wilhelminian Era. In both novels it is significant that the context of the German colonialism plays an important role. Closely related to the specific configuration of the male subjects of colonialism, these novels open up a critical perspective on the typical perception of masculinity of the Wilhelminian Era, in which masculinity is associated with solidity, selfassertion, control and force. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that Kracht’s Imperium as well as Kopetzky’s Risiko can be seen as narratives which vehemently question conventional images and discourses of heroic masculinity. The study refers to literary studies which focus on the literary conception of masculinity. After a short outline of the cultural discourses about masculinity at the beginning of the 20th century, I will analyze the male figures. The illustration of the discursive link between the fictional configuration of masculinity and the imperial world politics of Germany constitutes a crucial point of the analysis. Therefore, I will also concentrate on the significance of the body. In this sense, it could be ascertained that the images and configuration of masculinity in Kracht’s Imperium and in Kopetzky’s Risiko are dominated by colonial discourses, which turn out to be negative. So, the literary conception of masculinity serves as a critical dimension, that reveals the negative aspects of German colonialism politics in the Wilhelminian Era.

Aṭrāfs as a Method of Classification (Taṣnīf) and Inclusion (Takhrīj)

Ḥadīths have been preserved and recorded in various ways since the Companions. These activities continued dur-ing the Tābiīn (the successors of the Companions) Period. So much so that these methods have formed the infra-structure of other methods that will emerge later. In this context, before the 70's (A.H.), works named al-Aṭrāf appeared. However, these first works consisted of the notes that they wrote some of the ḥadīths before coming to the science assemblies to help students remember in ḥadīth learning. Ḥadīth scholars have adopted and applied this method in a very short time. Thus, this method also provided the opportunity for the formation of the first written ḥadīth documents. In addition, with the writing of ḥadīth works, it has turned into a system of al-Taṣnīf and al-Takhrīj in order to make maximum use of these books and to reach the source of a narration that is tried to be found. As a result, al-Aṭrāf literature, which can be evaluated as index, has emerged. As a matter of fact, the first examples of this literature, arranged alphabetically according to the names of the Companions or ḥadīth texts, started to be given since the 4th (A.H.) century. In this way, the way to quickly benefit from the accumulation of the ḥadīth area has been opened. This article focuses on the historical adventure of al-Aṭrāf and their contributions to the ḥadīth field, as well as literature knowledge of the works of al-Aṭrāf which are of great importance for both al-Kitābah, al-Taṣnīf and al-Takhrīj.

ANTALYA'DA BİR İLİM VE İRFAN MERKEZİ: ELMALI

It is crucial for a place to have important personalities grown in the region and the unearthed cultural heritage to become a science and wisdom centre since they are considered as fundamental features. The present study aims to determine the value of Elmali district by examining the historical adventure of the district regarding education, science, culture and literature, and revealing its transformation process to the science and wisdom centre. Elmali district remained in the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, Principalities and Ottoman periods, bearing traces from many civilizations, and was an important neighbourhood that influenced Anatolia with its foundations, madrasahs, lodges and zawiyahs, a strong Khalwatiyya and Bektashi Sufi tradition. In this tradition, many significant poets, who conveyed the intangible cultural heritage of their time and maintained the style of Yunus Emre, were trained. Elmali has become an important science and culture centre that constitutes the Turkish-Islamic thought and influences Anatolia with the important personalities it cultivates. Another factor that makes the district a science and wisdom centre is education. Based on the books contained in the Libraries, which are among the important shreds of evidence showing the educational level of the region, an individual can know the information sources of the country, the fields of science, how the information is used, what views are dominant in the country, how the works are classified, the world view, the aesthetic value of the arts used in the volumes and pages, the importance of the country to the book, the economic and cultural level of the region. In this study, the history of the ancient Elmali district of Antalya was briefly mentioned at first and then the information was provided about the scientists grew up in the region. Besides, the library heritage it had were handled from different perspectives, the books were examined, it was tried to determine the topics they contain, the languages they have written and the number of writing books to understand the culture and civilization of Elmali.