Historical Space Research Articles

“A New Election, A New Preterition”: Early New England's Calvinism and the Hegemonic Framework of GRAVITY'S RAINBOW

This article identifies the Calvinism of New England as an underlying mechanism rather than a metaphor in Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow. It also links historical and geographical space within the context of the religious and mystical aspects of Pynchon’s Zone.

Thermodynamics and London office property cycles

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the studies of commercial property cycles by providing a cross-field approach to property markets modelling.Design/methodology/approachThe approach allows for the incorporation of market shocks into the property cycle model as fundamental building blocks; assessment of overall market absorption generated through cyclic activity; and timing estimation of major market events. An ideal model is first constructed, which relies on an observation that a property cycle consists of four distinctive phases. These are described formally through appropriate formulae. Subsequently, it is observed that an analogous cyclic behaviour is described in physics as the Otto cycle. The formulae derived in physics for the Otto cycle are now redefined so to be applicable to the property market.FindingsThe model has been applied to the London office market, both to the historic and the current data sets. This allowed for the comparison of model predicted absorption and vacancies with the historic records, providing for assessment of the model accuracy. The model predicted that absorption was also compared with historic space supply allowing for estimation of oversupply and resultant vacancies. London office submarkets were analysed and compared to each other, allowing for estimation of their relative attractiveness as perceived by tenants and developers.Practical implicationsThe model may be used to estimate cycle generated absorption; therefore, over and under supply of space due to developers’ activity may be assessed. It is also possible to use the model to assess the timing of future market peaks and troughs.Originality/valueThis is the first research directly applying the methodology developed in physics to commercial property cycles.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ФЕНОМЕНОВ АНТИЧНОСТИ НА ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО РКИ КАК СПОСОБ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ (ИЗ ОПЫТА РАБОТЫ С КИТАЙСКИМИ СТУДЕНТАМИ)

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the need and the search for ways of learning antiquity by the Chinese students in the context of the dialogue of cultures in classes of Russian as a foreign language. The ways of introducing information on the mythology, history and culture of the ancient world (Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome) in the process of teaching are considered. The examples of assignments are given, the purpose of which is to form the linguistic and cultural competence of foreign students while studying the ancient heritage in the modern cultural and historical space and the role of antiquity in the Russian and world culture.

Database of Religious History and the Study of Ancient Mediterranean Religiosity

As a quantitative and qualitative encyclopaedia of religious cultural history, the Database of Religious History (DRH) opens for historians new and exciting avenues of research. Some of these avenues complement and cohere with existing research practices, while others supplement and even expand the horizons of scholarly inquiry and imagination. In this article I explore the function and utility of the DRH when studying a specific geo-temporal locale (namely, the ancient Mediterranean) and the many expressions of religion that exist within that historical space (namely, ancient Mediterranean religiosity). My aim is twofold. On the one hand, I demonstrate the utility of the DRH, specifically showing how this database project confronts, even embraces, the challenges posed by historical sources. On the other hand, I highlight promising avenues that are opened up by the DRH in addressing a specific problem within the scholarly study of ancient Mediterranean religiosity (namely, the question of whether we should we speak of religion or religions in the ancient Mediterranean). My discussion concludes with reflection on the intersection of the DRH with cognitive historiography, specifically with respect to the inherent interdisciplinarity of both projects.

A grounded theory approach to assess indoor soundscape in historic religious spaces of Anatolian culture: A case study on Hacı Bayram Mosque

This study presents a research that is concerned with the indoor soundscape in historical mosque. Hacı Bayram Mosque and its surroundings area of Hamamönü has been selected as the research site due to being the historical centre of Ankara. Although there are studies concerned with the acoustical characteristics of mosques, there is not enough research focusing on user’s expectation and interpretation of the indoor soundscape within a historical space. This study adopts the user-focused grounded theory to capture individuals’ auditory sensation and interpretation of the indoor soundscape within a historical mosque. In-depth interviews are held with congregation of the mosque and with the individuals sitting around the surrounding area. Based on their subjective responses, a theoretical framework is generated to gain an insight on the factors that affect individuals understanding and expectation from mosques. The conceptual framework generated through grounded theory shows how indoor soundscape may influence their individuals’ response to the physical environment of the mosque showing the association between the soundscape elements, spatial function and place identity.

The Impact of Historical Nodes and Links of The City on Adopting Knowledge Networks Strategy

The city was formed historically as a node for human activities. Its formation depends on the resources and relations in areas of production and distribution; therefore, it was divided into special zones with different economic activities that depend on them (industrial, recreational, commercial, residential areas and other uses of land). The physical and functional features of the city reflected imposed social and digital systems. The Technological advances have expanded the role of knowledge in everyday life that established the concept of knowledge networks.
 This study deals with the concept of knowledge networks as an updated multidimensional strategy which imposes its ways to deal with the historic urban system as a part of the larger one, where the developed technology imposes its needs of the organizational vision of the city as part of the global system.
 This study hypothesis that the knowledge networks is a concept not separated from the historic space networks in cities. The study also hypothesis that these historic networks, which were formed from nodes and links impose the strategic vision to adopt and promote the knowledge networks into urban level.
 This study aims to clarify the concept of knowledge networks as an updated strategy for the urban growth, shows the role of nodes, and links which had grown historically in cities to adopt and promote strategies for the knowledge networks.
 This research adopted a method to achieve its aims, through studying the cognitive network mechanism and the role of urban characteristics as guidelines to strengthen these networks in a number of global examples, and then use the global experience to build a vision for network strategy in the Iraqi city to produce a new urban pattern.
 The main conclusion is that the historic urban ties act as a mutual force along with the global mechanism of knowledge network so that each city would show its special response to the network pattern.

Novels Written by Im Young-chun and Liberal Arts Tour

본 연구는 문학작품을 관광 자원의 하나로 활용함으로써 인문관광 활성화에 기여할 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이로써 이러한 작업이 문학 회생책의 일환으로서 작용하기를 기대한다. 이는 현재 우리 사회에서 점차 문자보다는 영상, 실물보다는 이미지, 책보다는 실체험의 지배력이 높아지는 추세와 함께 ‘문학의 죽음’이 운운될 정도로 문학작품에 대한 관심의 격감 또는 독서 분위기 하락 등의 형태로 문학 소비가 강하게 위축되고 있기 때문이다. 향유문화의 하나인 독서나 관광은 어떤 대상에 대한 직접적인 체험을 통해 그 대상을 자기의 것처럼 소유하여 누리는 의미 창출 활동이다. 독서나 관광은 소비되는 대상이 그 이상의 의미를 발산할 뿐만 아니라 소비자/수용자의 행태 또한 단순한 소비/수용행위 이상의 의미를 갖게 되는 활동이다. 본고는 ‘발견을 위한 관광’ 내지 ‘교양을 쌓기 위한 관광’의 의미를 ‘인문관광’이 라고 표현한다. 구체적으로 말하면 인문관광이란 일상생활에서 실용적으로 사용하는 지식이 아닌, 인간 자신과 인간을 둘러싼 세계를 관조하는 지식, 즉 가치관, 인생관, 세계관 등에 대해 성찰하고 숙고하기 위한 관광이라고 개념화 할 수 있다. 따라서 인문관광은 세속적 상태와는 다른, 인문학적 차원의 이상적 상태에 대한 욕구(need)가 선행된다. 임영춘 소설은 새만금 간척지를 포함한 호남 들판에 대한 이미지가 어떻게 사람들의 기억에 새겨지게 될 것인지를 방향 짓는 중요한 자료이다. 공간에 대한 인식은 관점, 생각, 감정 등의 변화에 따라 얼마든지 달라질 수 있다. 새롭게 공간에 대한 이미지를 만들어 가야하는 개발의 시점에서, 새만금 공간은 21세기를 향한 미래지향적 심상을 창안해야 하는 책무를 부여받고 있다. 임영춘 소설은 특히 새만금 전사(前史) 공간을 상상하거나 인식하게 만든다. 대개 이러한 인식을 ‘심상지리(心想地理, imaginative geography)’라 일컫는다. 심상지리는 자연지리와 달리 주체가 인식하고 상상하는 어떤 공간에 대한 인문학적 지리 인식을 말한다. 새만금 개발의 다음 단계는 우리 민족의 숭고한 역사적 여정을 바탕에 깐 이야기를 중심으로 새만금의 시대적, 사회적 의미망을 탐색하는 인문관광기획이 되어야 할 것이다. 그래야 비로소 새만금은 한 지역에 국한된 작은 공간에 머물지 않고, 독일의 아우슈비츠처럼 인간이 인간에게 가할 수 있는 만행을 경계하고 경각심을 일으키게 하는 공공적 가치를 생산해낼 수 있을 것이기 때문이다.The purpose of this study is to establish the plan to facilitate the literature work as one of the tourism resources in a way to seek for a way to contribute to the facilitation of humanities tour as well as expecting to engage in such work as part of the restoration scheme for literature. The Korean society has the trend of getting gradual and higher control in video over alphabet, image than actual look, actual object over books along with the overwhelming contraction in literature consumption for the types of drastic decline of interests or decline of reading atmosphere on literature works as there are prevalent mentioning of the ‘death of literature’. Reading or tourism as one of the cultures to enjoy would be the activity to generate implication to own and enjoy its subject through direct experience on certain subject. Reading or tourism radiates the implication beyond as well as the activity with beyond the simple consumption/ accommodation behavior or type of consumer/ accommodator. This article expresses the implication of ‘tourism for discovery’ or ‘tourism to build up the liberal arts’ as the ‘humanities tour’. For stating the foregoing in more details, humanities tour may be conceptualized to contemplate on view of value, view on life, view on world and others as the knowledge to overlook the human and the world surrounded the human, not the knowledge practically used in ordinary living. Therefore, The humanities tour has the priority in the need for idealistic state of liberal arts level which is different from the secular condition. The humanities tour is one of the detailed means to resolve the need. Novels written by Im Young-chun are an important data to determine how the image on the Honam prairies including the reclaimed land to be inscribed in the image of people. Spatial perception may differ depending on changes of point of view, thought, emotion or the like at any time. Under the point of view of development to be implanted with the image on new space, the Saemangeum space is granted with the sense of duty to contemplate the futuristic imagination toward the future of the 21st century. Im Young-jun Novels are especially made with the imagination or perception for the historical space of Saemangeum. In general, such perception is referred to as the imaginative geography. The imaginative geography is referred to the imaginative geography on humanities regarding certain space perceived and imagined unlike the natural geography. Next phase of the Saemangeum development may begin from the humanities tourism planning that search for timely and social implication of Saemangeum around the story on the basis of noble and historic journey of our people. That is the way for Saemangeum to generate the public value to stimulate the sense of awareness while alerting on the savage act for a human to inflict on another human like Auschwitz of Germany without staying in a small space limited in a region.

Visceral realities: The reconstruction of historic space

This paper examines unconventional interiors that “over imagine” the narrative of historic space. Reconstructions test not only historic accuracies but question spatial concerns and resulting atmosphere. The spaces to be interrogated are committed to providing a visceral experience whether or not they possess the rigors of taste, design, and scholarship. Examining spaces that reconstruct history is valid path to assessing the emotional quality of the interior and immersive historic constructs can be viewed as lessons for contemporary space making.

ЭСХАТОЛОГИЯ КАК ЧАСТЬ КУЛЬТУРНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА В ХРИСТИАНСКОЙ КАРТИНЕ МИРА Г. П. ФЕДОТОВА

Abstract. Introduction. In the eschatology picture of the world the questions of culture and life of man have special status and special decision. The reasons of sociocultural crisis of society consist in the incorrect understanding of value and role of the culture and the eschatology. The problem of tragedy of extremity of life is overcame by a strong hope on God. Purpose. The purpose of the article is an analyses of the problem field of eschatology picture of the world in the works of G. Fedotov through the prism of eschatology and culture. Methods. The method of analysis of systems allows to examine the Christian picture of the world as a system of aims, senses and moral values. Structural approach gave an opportunity to distinguish a culture and eschatology as making elements in cultural space of Christian picture of the world. Comparative analysis of Ancient and Christian epochs promoted philosophical status of eschatology in its religious measuring. Results. The understanding of the historical process, the life and a man in G. Fedotov’s works is deeply humanely. The creation of history takes place through the realization of human experience. The creative free activity of man must overcome total pessimism in face of end of times. The way of rescue of culture is based on religious bases of living faith in God. Originality. A Christian eschatology is understood by G. Fedotov as a part of all cultural and historical space. The phenomenon of death carries not only ontological but also mystic, sacral aspect. The religious measuring of history allows to tell about the general life roots of history and culture. Conclusion. In a few lines of walkthrough of questions of culture Fedotov insists on the anthropological, rather than just historical understanding of Christian eschatology and culture. The forming of faithful look to the questions of culture and history is important for the construction of actual life of man and society.

Comparing Cybersecurity in NATO and CSTO: Legal and Political Aspects

We compare cybersecurity policies of two international organizations, NATO and Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). The countries of these organizations have a common cultural and historical basis. Given the principles of collective defense and collective security, both organizations strive to protect and integrate their traditionally own historical space. Both organizations move through the military cooperation to create a political union. Both organizations have a leader country. As cases for comparison, we choose organizations consisting of countries with completely different political regimes and, accordingly, different approaches to cybersecurity. In accordance with the Index of Democracy, most of the CSTO countries are states with a transitional regime, while NATO countries belong to democracies or countries with imperfect democracy. The countries have very specific legislation regulating the cyberspace. We use two levels (legal and practical) to analyze cyber strategies, institutions and experience (policies) of two organizations. We analyze the priorities mentioned in cyber strategies as well as terms, goals, and bodies in charge. First of all, we provide deep and comprehensive literature review on cybersecurity. The latter is performed on the following aspects of international cybersecurity: theoretical, legal, activities of international organizations, as well as NATO and CSTO positions on these issues. At the same time the study would be incomplete without understanding of implementation of the cybersecurity strategies. One of the ways to evaluate cyberpolicy effectiveness is based on comparison of countries’ positions in global rankings (e.g. ITU Global Cybersecurity Index). In addition the research considers official statistics data, experts’ surveys, public opinion polls and media publications.

Thu Thiem new urban center Master plan: urban design in the direction of adapting to the natural and cultural environment

The aim of this research is to analyze the Master plan of Thu Thiem new urban center of Ho Chi Minh City, showing the advantages of the project in adaptation to the natural environment and local cultural environment: to inherit and convey the characteristics of historical urban space to the new urban center, to inherit the principle of zoning and functional integration in land use, to maintain harmonious connection with the historic urban center, to arrange a "compact" plan causing no impact to the natural environment, to preserve and embellish the water environment. This research also addresses issues that need to be further researched in the implementation of the Thu Thiem master plan, to ensure the adaptability to the natural and cultural environment of the project which will be successfully applied in practice: to consolidate the characteristics of modernity of new urban architecture, to make the central square diverse and harmonious with human scale, to organize the underground space and height in accordance with the TOD development model, to study the diversity of cultures and local communities in order to plan a unique community.

«Русская идея» в болгарской общественно- политической жизни последней четверти XIX века (на примере взглядов и деятельности высших церковных иерархов)

The article is devoted to the main issues of expression of the “Russian idea” in the social and political life of Bulgarians in the last quarter of the 19 th century. The relevance of the study is determined by the increased interest in the spread of Russian influence in the modern world and, in particular, within the South-Eastern Europe, which in the 20 th century was the sphere of influence of the USSR. The author analyzes the historical significance, the scope and content of the “Russian idea” in the life of the Bulgarian society and state on the example of the attitudes and activities of the Supreme Church hierarchs (Exarch Joseph I and the Metropolitan Bishop Clement of Tarnovo). “Russian idea” is considered in the work not just as a structural element of a certain system of socio-political views, but also as a way of organizing the historical and political space of Bulgaria, as a special principle in the strategic modeling of the direction of its historical development with a certain geopolitical perspective on the basis of Slavs and Orthodoxy. It is concluded that the “Russian idea” in the last quarter of the 19 th - early 20 th centuries was a key element of the socio-political life of Bulgaria, the most important historical characteristic of its socio-cultural space and national consciousness. However, despite this, the “Russian idea” could not become a political choice of the Bulgarian state, as in the early 20 th century in the political space of Bulgaria prevailed anti-Russianism, supported by a narrow group of the ruling elite.

What can the annual 10Be solar activity reconstructions tell us about historic space weather?

Context: Cosmogenic isotopes provide useful estimates of past solar magnetic activity, constraining past space climate with reasonable uncertainty. Much less is known about past space weather conditions. Recent advances in the analysis of 10Be by McCracken & Beer (2015, Sol Phys 290: 305–3069) (MB15) suggest that annually resolved 10Be can be significantly affected by solar energetic particle (SEP) fluxes. This poses a problem, and presents an opportunity, as the accurate quantification of past solar magnetic activity requires the SEP effects to be determined and isolated, whilst doing so might provide a valuable record of past SEP fluxes. Aims: We compare the MB15 reconstruction of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF), with two independent estimates of the HMF derived from sunspot records and geomagnetic variability. We aim to quantify the differences between the HMF reconstructions, and speculate on the origin of these differences. We test whether the differences between the reconstructions appear to depend on known significant space weather events. Methods: We analyse the distributions of the differences between the HMF reconstructions. We consider how the differences vary as a function of solar cycle phase, and, using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, we compare the distributions under the two conditions of whether or not large space weather events were known to have occurred. Results: We find that the MB15 reconstructions are generally marginally smaller in magnitude than the sunspot and geomagnetic HMF reconstructions. This bias varies as a function of solar cycle phase, and is largest in the declining phase of the solar cycle. We find that MB15's excision of the years with very large ground level enhancement (GLE) improves the agreement of the 10Be HMF estimate with the sunspot and geomagnetic reconstructions. We find no statistical evidence that GLEs, in general, affect the MB15 reconstruction, but this analysis is limited by having too few samples. We do find evidence that the MB15 reconstructions appear statistically different in years with great geomagnetic storms.

楊平 龍門寺 寺刹名과 空間의 歷史性

龍자는 다양한 의미를 가지고 있다. 부처의 수호신, 임금, 水神, 호국신, 풍수적 길지 등등 복합적인 개념을 갖고 있다. 龍자로 시작하는 사찰명 중에 용문사는 전국적으로 10개의 사찰이 있다. 특히 남해 · 예천 · 양평 등지에 있는 용문사는 임금과 관련된 공통점을 갖고 있어서 역사적 · 정치적 · 경제적인 사료가 비교적 많다. 양평 용문사는 고려왕실의 정치적 · 경제적 고려에 의해 건립된 것으로 추정된다. 고려는 초기부터 남한강유역에 조운체제를 완성하였다. 고려는 조운체제를 만들기 위해 필요한 지역지배를 강화하는 방법으로 선승을 포섭하여 기존 사찰이나 사찰을 건립하여 주석하게 하였다. 고려 초기 지방관을 미처 파견하지 못한 지역이나 반발이 예상되는 지역에 승려를 통하여 지배를 강화하려는 의도였다. 거시적으로는 남한강 유역이 전략 요충지가 되었고, 미시적으로는 개별적으로 사찰들은 도선국사의 풍수지리적인 관점에서 사찰 터를 선정했을 것이다. 지명이나 사찰 명 속에 역사가 내포되어 있으며, 사찰의 공간은 그러한 역사를 간직하고 있는 공간이다.

An historical space in a new context: The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts Research Library as a part of the future House of Text

In 2021 the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts Research Library will move from its historical setting into a new building as part of a new House of Text. This House of Text is faced with the challenge of adapting a former early 20th-century apartment house (never before used as a museum or a library) to the needs of an institution that collects and conserves books on fine art and makes them accessible to the public in multiple ways.

Interventions and transformation in a historical landscaped public space: the Plaza de San Francisco in Cartagena, Spain

The reform of historical squares is strongly influenced by attempts to satisfy all demands for services and installations, meaning that all too frequently the reform overlooks the singular circumstances of the space, which may lead not only to a change in form, but also to a change in use and meaning, causing a substantial portion of the cultural value to be lost, unlike that which usually occurs with constructions that form part of our heritage. Aspects of city planning or the indications of International Council (ICOMOS-IFLA) are frequently forgotten. The Plaza de San Francisco (Cartagena) is one of the oldest public spaces in Europe that has maintained its use since it formed part of the Roman forum in the times of Augustus (II century). The present day square arose from the disentailment of the Church in 1835, becoming to be recognised as a public landscaped space in the middle of the XIX century and reaching its full splendour between 1884 and the 1930s. Subsequent interventions conserved its use as a landscaped square until the 1980s. We looked at the immediate effects of the actual interventions on our cultural heritage, and discuss the effectiveness of present regulations on the intervention of such spaces.

“The Blood Never Stops Flowing and the Party Never Ends”: The Originals and the Afterlife of New Orleans as a Vampire City

“The Blood Never Stops Flowing and the Party Never Ends”: The Originals and the Afterlife of New Orleans as a Vampire City

Time Travelling in Dixie: Race, Music, and the Weight of the Past in the British “Televisual” South

This article examines a series of British travel documentaries on the American South made since 2008 which are representative of the way in which southern distinctiveness is maintained through television within a transatlantic context. The travelogues focus on historic racial struggles, southern food, and music, and frame the South as a distinctly historical space, where either historical moments obscure the contemporary South, or cultural continuity and resistance to change and modernity are celebrated. The article also discusses the similarities between the travelogues and the southern tourist industry, and how transatlantic “televisual tourism” works against the wider scholarly challenge to southern exceptionalism.

Elastic monumentality? The Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial and counterpublic historical space

ABSTRACTCan blatantly racist-nationalist imageries that are literally carved into stone be recast as inclusionary? Can it be ‘re-seen’ without being remodeled? By whose eyes and under what conditions? This essay examines the uneven development of the Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial in the United States. It questions how the impulse to memorialize in the aftermath of war and then re-memorialize relates to conflicts over the legacies of US slavery and the Civil War. Increasingly, these struggles over representations of divisive histories are waged alongside a growing heritage tourist industry and in the context ongoing racial conflict.

Evolutional Steps toward the Post-Western/Non-Western Movement in Japan

This paper examines Japanese past from the beginning of the Meiji era until today in a historical perspective in order to make easier to understand from a post-Western/non-Western approach the processes that took place in this period of time. Initially, Japan began to adopt Western ideologies, technologies and systems to build a modern nation and to make the development of modern architecture and city planning possible. These models continued to be looked at for a long time. From the 1970s, when the years of sustained economic growth came to an end, Japanese began to dismiss the idea of reaching and overtaking the West gradually. They began to search for a Japanese identity. The richness of nature, the particular Japanese history and its specific culture developed through delicate senses were reevaluated. At the same time, the cultural values of the historic urban space and townscape were rediscovered. Finally, the paper examines the idea and method of Machizukuri (bottom-up town-making) originated and developed thanks to the physical and social resources historically accumulated in the Japanese cities.