History Characteristics Research Articles

The “bridge character”: Carl Schurz and West German–American rapprochement

In 1952, West Germans and Americans held a joint, year-long observation celebrating the centennial of the arrival of German-born Carl Schurz in the USA. The collaborative, transatlantic celebration served to publicize a historical and cultural relationship between the German and American peoples through the memory of Carl Schurz. State and non-state participants publicly remembered Schurz as the quintessential German–American and a “bridge character” that transcended national borders, occupied an important ideological space, legitimized the Cold War relationship between erstwhile enemies, and perpetuated an on-going process to construct a transnational, cultural identity rooted in Western liberal-democratic political culture. For the US government, the historical character of Carl Schurz also became a means of promoting a liberal heritage in the face of on-going Soviet accusations of American imperialism, warmongering, and poor race relations.

Cross-cultural approaches in music education in colleges and universities / Enfoques interculturales en la educación musical de la Educación Secundaria y Universitaria

The purpose of the present research is to study cross-cultural approaches in music education in colleges and universities. This study builds on an empirical approach using a questionnaire. It involved a total of 298 students and 280 schoolchildren. This research implied elaborating a training programme for study participants. The questionnaire facilitated defining the disadvantages of the programme. Thus, it was possible to conclude that it necessitates adding a number of elements. The most common elements included the emphasis on identifying the historical features of various musical compositions (35%) and studying the theory using the Dalcroze method (28%). Students believe that applying cross-cultural approaches within the training will improve the effectiveness of education. The results showed that the distribution of students regarding their academic performance was almost the same within one level of knowledge. Using the Cohen’s coefficient helped define the aforementioned statement.

“Unkempt Attire Does Not Befit Us”

There are very few European countries with a tradition of national costume. Local, folk, and regional costumes are common. One can even define an outfit topographically in terms of its historical features. However, national dress, which is the identifying mark of a country, a symbol of national identity, well-established through centuries of tradition, is a rather unique phenomenon. Although in several instances the emergence of national attire has an older history (for example, in Switzerland, Spain or Denmark, the trends have been noticeable since the 18th century, while Gustav iii in Sweden in 1778 promulgated a decree on the wearing of national costumes), the greatest explosion of trends to promote national attire occurred in the 19th century. This is related to the widespread national or national liberation tendencies that swept through Europe during this period. Nineteenth-century aspirations to return to some fashion, to look for historical designs or to create national costumes took place especially in smaller countries (or those that did not exist on the maps at the time), which wanted to preserve and assert national identity in this way. From this point of view, it will be interesting to look at the tradition of promoting patriotic and national liberation ideas through clothing in the Polish lands.

The good intentions of federalism

The article is devoted to substantiating the controversial thesis that federalism is not an autonomous type of political structure. Federations are interpreted as a set of specific failures of different origins in the course of following the basic modern scenario of the formation of a unitary nation-state with a consolidated (civil) political identity. The article has for theoretical basis the actor approach, which interprets the political form of the federation as a derivative result of a conflict pact between the central and peripheral elites. In this methodological perspective, the history of the concept of federalism is examined and a comparative historical analysis of the world federal experience is carried out. As a result, a number of interrelated author's conclusions were formulated. First, it is shown that the original Kantian project of a world federation of states has little in common with federalism, which refers to the description of the internal structure of individual societies. Secondly, the conclusion is substantiated by the fact that in the modern theory of federalism a harmful mainstream tradition has developed, which scales as a normative successful experience the centralizing federalism in the United States. Thirdly, the cultural and historical features of the formation of two families of federations are highlighted and analyzed, one of which is associated with the acquisition of independence by offshoots of the West, and the other was formed by the later processes of the collapse of the colonial empires of the West and the liberation of colonies in Africa and Eurasia. Fourthly, it is argued that the federal political structure at the theoretical level was intended to reconcile, at the basis of the political project of Modernity, the liberal utopia of a universal and culturally homogeneous civil nation and the actual cultural diversity of any modern states, which is a permanent source of erosion of its political sovereignty and differentiation of collective identities. Fifthly, it is proved that all derived political, legal, economic and other signs of federalism are due to one initial problem - the legitimation and subsequent institutionalization of the conflict between the central elite and regional elites, challenging the indivisibility of political sovereignty and demanding political autonomy. Sixth, federalism as a changeable pact of elites in specific historical societies does not provide convincing grounds for its qualification as an autonomous political form compared to a unitary nation-state. The final conclusion is that the political format of federalism in most states is a long-term way of formalizing the political divorce of cultural communities that could not create a common political nation.

Desain Karakter Motion Graphic Biografi W.R. Soepratman untuk Anak Muda

In a study, it is stated that Generation Z prefers consuming audio-visual content. In this case, motion graphics can be used as a media to portray the biography of W.R. Soepartman. However, in the motion graphic video, there is still no character design of W.R. Soepratman. Therefore, there is a need for the design of the character of W.R. Soepratman as the main character in the motion graphic video. The character design becomes the visual identity of the character of W.R. Soepratman as well as other characters in the motion graphic video. Therefore, character design becomes an important aspect in the design process and serves as a visual identity to portray the characteristics of W.R. Soepratman. Therefore, research is conducted in an effort to generate design ideas for the character design and develop them into a design concept suitable with motion graphic. The character design in the motion graphic biography of W.R. Soepratman serves as a visual asset that functions as the visual identity of historical figures and characters present in the motion graphics. A simple and minimalist character design is obtained with the primary function of depicting the character. Simple and minimalist character shape form can facilitate the animation process in motion graphics.

Risk factor profile and outcomes in young patients presenting with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial Infarction

Abstract Introduction ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is more prevalent in the elderly population1, but is now becoming more common in the younger population. It has been of particular concern due to its potential for premature death and long-term morbidity. Early identification and timely modification of risk factors in this population is critical2,3. Secondary prevention issues in populations are well studied, and such data for young adults are lacking in the literature. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare pattern of traditional CVD risk factors, hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events at discharge in young versus old patients (≤45years and above 45 years age respectively) admitted with STEMI and undergoing primary PCI. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted on consecutive patients presenting with STEMI between June 2013 and June 2018 in a single centre cardiac only tertiary care setup. Institute’s registry is fashioned along and is affiliated with US NCDR. Patients with cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock at arrival were excluded. MACE was defined as post PCI cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock, heart failure, major bleed or hospital death. Results Total of 5343 patients were admitted with STEMI during study period, after exclusion data of 1642 patients were analyzed. Table 1 demonstrates demographic and historical characteristics of the study population. Among young patients, the frequency of the male gender,any tobacco use and family history of premature coronary artery disease were significantly higher (all p values < 0.001). While in older STEMI patients frequency of heart failure, hypertension, prior myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus ,abnormal creatinine clearance (<90 mL/min/1.73 m²) , multi-vessel coronary disease, advanced Killip class and higher body mass index was more prevalent (all P<0.001). Table 2 demonstrates predictors of in hospital death and MACE. Among young patients advanced Killip class and femoral access site(all P values <0.001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.03), abnormal creatinine clearance(p=0.04),and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%(p=0.01), were more significant in-hospital mortality predictor where as advanced Killip class,Left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% male gender(p=0.04), diabetes mellitus(p=0.001),femoral access site(p=0.001), and Left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% were more significant MACE predictors (all P<0.001). Conclusion There were no significant difference in hospital mortality and MACE among young versus old STEMI patients when adjusted for diabetes mellitus, abnormal creatinine clearance (<90 mL/min/1.73 m²), multi-vessel coronary disease, advanced Killip class. Tobacco use is the main modifiable risk factors for young patients with STEMI. Surprisingly, being a woman and having a positive family history with premature coronary artery disease were protective.

Плюсы и минусы преемственности советского прошлого в области образовательной подготовки руководящих кадров по физической культуре и спорту

The article examines aspects of the continuity of the Soviet past in the field of retraining and advanced training of management personnel in physical culture and sports, identifying the historical background and features of educational training necessary for management during the existence of the USSR. The circumstances are substantiated in which for modern Russia there is no need for continuity from the Soviet past in the retraining of sports leaders with non-core higher education. In this connection, according to the authors, the criteria for selecting management personnel to work in management positions should be carried out in two versions. In the first, the main selection criterion should be the presence of a diploma indicating receipt of a higher pedagogical physical education education, plus a certificate of advanced training in the “sports management” program. In the second, there must be a higher education diploma in a bachelor’s (master’s) degree in “management”, a focus (profile) in “sports management”, plus a certificate of advanced training in the program “fundamentals of theory, methods of physical culture and sports.” In addition, managers periodically need to improve their qualifications under the educational program “training personnel management.” Teachers of management disciplines should raise the level of professional skills not only through theory, but also through internships in sports organizations, as was the case in the 70s of the last century. This will entail a collaboration between sports and education, will affect the productive development of the competencies of managers in the field of coaching personnel management and, as a result, will prevent the outflow of young specialists from the industry.

Московский государственный университет геодезии и картографии: 245 лет на службе интересам Отечества

The authors explore the history of foundation and development of one of the oldest universities in Russia, Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK). They note that it has acted as a fundamental scientific and educational institution in the field of geodesy and cartography, successfully solving the most important governmental goals for its more than two centuries of its history. The historical features are revealed, as well as the current activities and development prospects of the University are analyzed. For decades, our scientists have been the leaders in scientific developments for the space industry. The institution successfully operates a Comprehensive Laboratory for the Study of Extraterrestrial Territories, exploring the natural satellites of Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. MIIGAiK is the main university of the rocket and space industry, which is part of the “Roscosmos Constellation” consortium. It is an integral element of the city and the country ecosystem paying special attention to arranging a comfortable and safe cultural and educational environment to develop creative and professional potential of each student

How Medieval Lifestyle in Fantasy Literature Attracts Chinese

The medieval lifestyle has been realized as an element in fantasy literature, which can create an imaginary world and attract readers with historical features. The aim of the present research was to explore the effects of medievalism in fantasy works and analyze its influence on Chinese readers. The Lord of the Rings was chosen to be the example, and a qualitative method was executed to categorize and analyze Chinese readers reactions to the example. Tables and word clouds illustrated the popularity of the Lord of the Rings in China and the reasons why Chinese readers were attracted by the story. Results showed that medievalism as symbols in the fantasy works provided the story with exoticism and pastoralism. And Chinese readers can be attracted by symbols and the values behind them. In view of these findings, this research revealed the possibility that masterpieces with general values can be admired by readers from other parts of the world.

(Late)nt? Exploring the latent potential for participatory heritage conservation in makhanda, South Africa

There is an increasing call for heritage management to decentralise and involve stakeholders outside of the sphere of governance. This research focuses on participatory conservation of heritage resources and the value of narrative in heritage conservation and tourism development. The case study is situated in the city of Makhanda, which was established in 1812 and possesses a significant number of individual built environment heritage resources and historic streetscapes. These urban features have been identified as assets to the city by various stakeholders and institutions, but they remain under threat. Utilising semi-structured interviews with owners of historic residential properties in the city, the paper argues that homeowners are an underutilised resource in the management of the historic urban fabric. The study found that homeowners held an appreciation for and identified the value of the historic features of their properties, and it argues that this appreciation can be harnessed in heritage management. Interviews revealed, however, that homeowners faced many challenges in managing and maintaining their historic properties and received little support in this regard. Citizen participation in heritage conservation was limited and a top-down approach to heritage resource management predominated.

PUBLIC SPACES: DIFFERENT SCALES AND EMPHASES IN YURI SEROGIN'S PROJECTS

In today's world, public projects are becoming not only an important component of the architectural landscape, but also a key factor in shaping living spaces and communities. They play a significant role in promoting social interaction, cultural exchange, and stimulate the development of social ties. Thoughtful design of public spaces involves not only ensuring functionality and aesthetic appeal, but also an in-depth analysis of the needs of local communities, taking into account historical and cultural features and unique requirements. Ukraine, as a country with a rich cultural heritage and diverse communities, has great potential for the development of public projects. Their existence is reflected in a variety of forms: from city squares and parks to culture and sports centers. The grateful synergy between architects, local authorities, and the public contributes to the creation of innovative and socially significant projects that contribute to the rapprochement and development of communities. This article explores the public projects of the architect Yuri Seryogin, which reflect his contribution to the development of the architectural scene and public space. Using the analysis and evaluation of projects, the article offers coverage of key aspects of the architect's work, his approaches to solving architectural problems, and his impact on society.

MECHANISMS OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR ENTERPRISES OPERATING IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN UZBEKISTAN

The regions of our country differ from each other according to their geographical location, potential of natural resources and historical characteristics

Features of designing a Component Element of the National women's Azerbaijani Costume - Kelagai Scarfs

Presents studies of the parameters of the structure and design of Azerbaijani national scarves kelagai. A historical analysis of the development of kelagai production has been carried out, which reflects the ethnographic, historical, artistic and technological features of folk art. Proposals have been developed for the use of kelagai in the design of modern fashionable women's clothing. The features of making kelagai scarves have been studied and the factors influencing their structure and structure, as well as their role in the formation of national characteristics of modern fashion, have been identified. The structure and structure of kelagai scarves was studied based on the texture of the fabric structure. The conducted research makes it possible to use the national traditions of making kelagai scarves in the design of modern clothing, as one of the iconic and symbolic elements of folk culture and an important component of the artistic and compositional patterns of shaping promising models of modern women's clothing, as well as for the dynamic development of material and spiritual culture.

Optimal Gasoline Price Predictions: Leveraging the ANFIS Regression Model

This study presents an in-depth analysis of gasoline price forecasting using the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), with an emphasis on its implications for policy-making and strategic decisions in the energy sector. The model leverages a comprehensive dataset from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, spanning over 30 years of historical price data from 1993 to 2023, along with relevant temporal features. By combining the strengths of fuzzy logic and neural networks, the ANFIS approach can effectively capture the complex, nonlinear relationships present in the data, enabling reliable price predictions. The dataset’s preprocessing involved decomposing the date into year, month, and day components to enhance the model’s input features. Our methodology entailed a systematic approach to ANFIS regression, including data preparation, model training with the inclusion of the previous week’s prices as an additional feature, and rigorous performance evaluation using MSE, RMSE, and correlation coefficients. The results indicate that incorporating previous prices significantly enhances the model’s accuracy, as reflected by improved scores and correlation metrics. The findings have significant implications for the energy sector, where stakeholders can leverage the ANFIS model’s insights for strategic decision-making. Accurate gasoline price forecasts are instrumental in devising pricing strategies, managing risks associated with price volatility, and guiding policy formulation. The model’s predictive capability enables energy companies to optimize resource allocation, plan for future investments, and maintain competitive advantage in a market influenced by fluctuating prices. Moreover, policymakers can utilize these predictions to assess the impact of energy policies on market prices and consumer behavior, ensuring that regulatory measures align with market dynamics and sustainability goals. In addition to the ANFIS model, we also employed Vector Autoregression (VAR) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models to validate our approach and provide a comprehensive understanding of time series forecasting within the energy sector. Notably, the ANFIS model achieves a score of 0.9970 and a robust correlation of 0.9985, demonstrating its ability to accurately forecast gasoline prices based on historical data and features. The integration of these traditional techniques with advanced ANFIS modeling offers a robust framework for accurate and reliable gasoline price prediction, which is vital for informed policy-making and strategic planning in the energy industry.

Editors’ Introduction: Fictions in Law, Literature, and Philosophy

While several collections have been published recently from the perspective of common law focused specifically on jurisprudence and from the perspective of both literary theory and the philosophy of language, a more integrative approach that sharpens the underlying fundamental concept(s) by bringing together insights from legal theory/history, doctrinal legal scholarship, literary studies, and analytic philosophy has been missing so far. Not only has an examination of a decidedly interdisciplinary perspective been rare in research on fictions and fictionality, but also a decidedly integrative view of European and Anglo-American research approaches has been the exception. This special issue both addresses and seeks to bridge this research gap. In shedding light on the family resemblances and differences of “fiction(s)” in each of the aforementioned disciplines, we hope to identify blind spots and offer some fresh ideas with regard to a transdisciplinary theory of fiction(s) which considers their conceptual, functional, as well as historical characteristics. A particularly significant aspect of this project is that it fuses contributions from an anglophone law and literature perspective with contributions from European continental contexts, offering perspectives from related but also distinct legal and literary traditions.

Temporal outline of geological heritage sites in the Western Caucasus

Geological heritage sites (geosites) have various properties such as accessibility, geometry, and vulnerability, as well as age. It is reasonable to distinguish the geological ages related to the content of geosites (e.g., Early Ordovician or Valanginian) from the technical ages related to the physical appearance (forms) of geosites (e.g., Late Pleistocene, Prehistoric, or 21st century). This study examines 17 geosites known from the Western Caucasus—a geologically-rich area of the Greater Caucasus orogen. The revision and the update of the stratigraphical information allow to establish their geological ages. The technical ages are defined as old (before the 19th century), historical (19th–20th centuries), or young (the beginning of the 21st century). The results show that the analyzed geosites shed light on the lengthy time span (from the late Proterozoic to the Quaternary), and the Cisuralian–Early Cretaceous sedimentary succession of the study area is represented with significant completeness. Technically, the geosites are chiefly old, although the historical and young features are also common. The outcomes of this study do not only systematize the knowledge of the ages of the geosites from the Western Caucasus, but also have several practical implications (for instance, the conservation of the technically young geosites is the priority, and the geological ages are important to arrange the geosites logically for educational and touristic excursions).

Prisons, Immigration, and the Right to a Livable Life in the Anthropocene: Reading Garrett Hardin and Michel Foucault

Abstract Critical work theorizing the nature of immigration imprisonment in relation to anthropogenically influenced ecological phenomena is in its infancy. Scholars have productively made sense of the modern carceral state's expansion by locating it within the framework of race and neoliberalism, registering the collateral damage essential to Western European whiteness and a neoliberal problematic. These framings of migrant incarceration continue to effectively serve a critical function. However, this essay argues that the historical character of immigration incarceration is in the process of changing in the face of real and imagined Anthropocene impacts. Increasingly, immigration is the result of ecological collapse, and taking race and neoliberalism as primary frameworks for understanding forces subtending the carceral system has become critically restrictive. This essay develops an environmental genealogy from historical references within Michel Foucault's work on the relationship between land enclosures and rise of the prison, in order to establish a larger constellation in which to think the event of immigration incarceration today. The essay places Foucault's work in conversation with the work of prominent ecologist and white nationalist Garrett Hardin, whose concurrent pro-enclosure work on immigration and the environment inaugurated a coercive truth discourse that has come to impact not only ecological disciplines in the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the environmental humanities but also current US immigration policy.

Assessing the dynamic social values of the ‘deep city’: An integrated methodology combining online and offline approaches

This monograph presents findings from original research on urban heritage transformations and advances existing scholarship on three grounds: (1) it offers tested combinations of methods to capture the social values of heritage; (2) it distils the complex, diverse social values generated by urban heritage and revealed by the use of these methods; and (3) it discusses the implications and potential applications of these methods for urban planning. Cities are multi-layered deposits of tangible historic features and intangible meanings, memories, practices and associated values. These dense socio-material assemblages have been conceptualised as the ‘deep city’, a concept that recognises dynamic relationships between past, present and future, whilst simultaneously repositioning heritage at the heart of sustainable transformation. However, methods for understanding people’s relationships with urban heritage are mostly applied piecemeal in urban planning and heritage management. Here, we introduce research involving a suite of social and digital research methods, which can be deployed rapidly in online and offline spaces to examine the social values generated by urban heritage. Three in-depth case studies, in Edinburgh, London, and Florence, reveal how these values are involved in urban place-making. Failure to take them into account in development and regeneration projects can result in fragmentation and/or marginalisation of communities and their place attachments. The research has important implications for urban planning, offering methods and tools for working with communities to create more socially sustainable urban futures.

Adaptive restoration of Kali Mas Surabaya: strategy to recall and sustain historical area

Appropriate and targeted strategies are needed to preserve places and buildings of historical value. Historical objects are objects that are susceptible to damage and may be unmatched elsewhere. So, damage to or loss of an heirloom is very fatal. Implementing conservation strategies in an area is necessary because a place or site has complex and varied constituent elements. In this case, an area that is neglected but still has historical features requires a special strategy and perhaps several strategies. This is also because the existing strategy does not yet provide criteria and considerations regarding this matter. Kali Mas Surabaya is a historical case study that was the initial downtown port in Surabaya before it was finally decommissioned and is now rarely maintained. By carrying out a comprehensive analysis of history, documentary evidence, and actual physical evidence, it will become the basis for policy analysis and implementation. Therefore, this research will focus on how to carry out conservation strategies for recalling and sustaining abandoned historical areas so that these strategies can be generalized and applied to other historical locations.

Memory Shapelet Learning for Early Classification of Streaming Time Series.

Early classification predicts the class of the incoming sequences before it is completely observed. How to quickly classify streaming time series without losing interpretability through early classification method is a challenging problem. A novel memory shapelet learning framework for early classification is proposed in this article. First, a memory distance matrix is introduced to store the historical characteristics of streaming time series, which can alleviate repetitive calculations caused by the growing length of time series. Second, early interpretable shapelets are extracted in the proposed method by optimizing both accuracy objective and earliness objective simultaneously. The proposed method employs end-to-end learning, which allows the model to directly learn early shapelets without the necessity of searching for numerous candidate shapelets. Third, an objective function of memory shapelet learning is proposed by overall considering accuracy and earliness, which can be optimized by gradient descent algorithm. Finally, experiments are conducted on benchmark dataset UCR, Tennessee Eastman process, and real-world aluminum electrolysis process in China. Comparable results with other state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in interpretability, accuracy, earliness, and time complexity.