Historians Research Articles

Intangible cultural heritage transmission: empowering generations through Emirati handicrafts at Turath center

PurposeIn order to preserve and honor authentic Bedouin Emirati heritage history, the Turath Centre for Traditional Handicrafts, which operates under the supervision of the Art authority of Dubai culture, which is essential. The center aims and its strategy for cultural preservation, then the effects of its operations on community development are all explored in this article.Design/methodology/approachThe goals and strategies employed by the Turath Centre to promote traditional Emirati crafts are analyzed in this study using the qualitative methodology that blends historical analysis and ethnographical research. It also examines the effects of the center's training programs and workshops. This study reveals the methods the Turath Centre uses to disseminate cultural heritage through a thorough analysis of the supporting documentation and on-site observations.FindingsAccording to the research, the Turath Center effectively instructs community people in a variety of craft areas, such as traditional weaving, silversmith work, and burqa sewing and intangible facets of Emirati history though Al Talli and Al Sadu Weave. This study highlights the value of the Turath Centre's contribution to community development and preservation of Emirati heritage though younger generations.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this study offers insightful information, there are certain limitations. Specifically, more research is required to evaluate the efforts of the Turath Center's adaptability and impact over time.Practical implicationsThe results highlighted the consideration to these educational programs and their capacity to foster heritage industries, increase cultural tourism, and promote Emirati culture internationally.Social implicationsBy enhancing Bedouin heritage culture and encouraging pride and identity among community members, the Turath Center's activities support unity in society.Originality/valueThis research offers valuable insights into the Turath Centre's role in preserving Bedouin Emirati heritage and fostering community development, the center symbolizes Dubai's aim for cultural growth and makes a significant contribution to cultural preservation.

Revolutionizing Islamic Religious Education: Transforming Paradigms from Al-Azhar in Anticipation of the Future

Islamic religious education has undergone a substantial metamorphosis over time, reflecting the dynamics of societal development and the changing demands of the era. This article delineates the journey of the Islamic religious education revolution through paradigm shifts that occurred at Al-Azhar, a prominent institution of higher education in the Islamic world. Through a deep historical analysis, this article explores the significant steps taken by figures such as Muhammad Ali Pasha, Muhammad Abduh, and Muhammad Rashid Rida in bringing about changes to the Al-Azhar curriculum. The process of renewal not only encompasses the integration of modern elements from the West but also involves responding to the challenges of the times. This article details the role of Al-Azhar in creating a new foundation that enables Islamic religious education to face the future more dynamically and relevantly

The propagation paths of the Catholic doctrine of the Trinity in the Ming and Qing dynasties

According to historical analysis and textual interpretation, the propagation of the Catholic doctrine of the Trinity in the Ming and Qing dynasties was closely related to Matteo Ricci. When entering China, Ricci put forward the ‘Theory of Buddhist-Daoist Plagiarism’, asserting that Buddhism and Taoism had plagiarised the Catholic doctrine on the triune God. As for Confucianism, he pointed out that the ancient Confucian classics did not contain the doctrine of the Trinity, which he attributed to various facters, leading to what may be termed the ‘Confucian Absence Theory’. Matteo Ricci’s interpretations and propositions regarding the Chinese Trinity paved the way for the ‘Yi-Fo School’, the ‘Bu-Ru School’ and the Figurism, which emerged during the dissemination of the Trinity in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The ‘Yi-Fo School’ advocated replacing the Buddhist Trinity with the Catholic Trinity to complement the perceived absence in Confucianism, thus forming the ‘Bu-Ru School’. In contrast, Figurism advocated for use of Chinese characters and texts as clues to uncover the missing Trinity in Confucian classics. Regarding Matteo Ricci’s viewpoints and the above three paths, Buddhism of that era believed that Catholicism had plagiarised the Buddhist doctrine of the Trinity, and modern Chinese scholars also argued that the views of the Figurism were overly far-fetched. These paths placed the Trinitarian doctrines of Catholicism, Buddhism and Daoism in a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural comparative framework, underscoring the methodological significance of exchanges and mutual learning among civilisations.Contribution: This article examines the nexus between Matteo Ricci and the propagation of the Catholic doctrine of the Trinity in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It also investigates the evolution of three distinct pathway for this doctrinal propagation and assesses the Chinese Populace’s reactions, as well as the interplay of their discourses.

Revolutionizing Procurement: How AI & Data Analytics Driving Cost Effective Solutions in EPC

This paper, therefore, discusses the revolution brought by AI and Data Analytics in the procurement processes of EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) and how each of the challenges, including cost control, enhanced efficiency and procurement downtime, could be solved using the two technologies. When the use of the procurement models is applied, the following benefits will be realized: supplier selection is facilitated using artificial intelligence, thereby automating the entire process; there is increased accuracy of costs compared to manual estimation, therefore reducing bias. The use of AI will allow better historical and real-time data analysis for procurement needs forecast, supplier evaluation and material cost prediction. Furthermore, machine learning algorithms can automate adjustments depending on real-time market variability, such for instance, a change in the price of the materials or a disruption in the supply chain, as well as execution flexibility regarding the project needs. Data Analytics also adds more weightage to procurement efficiency because it gives detailed analysis of the past and present procurement data. By utilizing state-of-the-art analytical frameworks, top managements are allowed to make powerful supplier analyses in relation to reliability, lead time, and cost of contracts prior to negotiations on contract supplier contracts and before contracting risks. What this study aims to do is to highlight real-life implementations of these technologies and how EPC firms can capitalize on these technologies to drive procurement efficiency, cost reduction, project delivery, and supplier relationship all for efficient project delivery. This paper thus provides a detailed discussion on the MI and TI of implementing AI and DA within procurement in the EPC sector via case studies and examples.

A Historic and Aesthetic Comparison Analysis of Greek "Dark Age" Geometric Pottery and Chinese Ritual Bronzes

A Historic and Aesthetic Comparison Analysis of Greek "Dark Age" Geometric Pottery and Chinese Ritual Bronzes

The Sentosa Nurses: Historical Context for Policies to Protect Internationally-Educated Nurses from Human Trafficking.

This article presents a historical analysis of the Sentosa nurses, a group of nurses recruited from the Philippines in 2005 and 2006 to work in a health-care facility on Long Island, New York. The international nurse recruitment company that hired them underpaid them, assigned them to work in unsafe conditions with low nurse-to-patient ratios, and breached other parts of their contracts with the nurses. When the nurses decided to resign and break from their contracts early, the recruitment company retaliated, initiating civil, administrative, and criminal charges against the nurses. The Sentosa nurses' story reflects that by the end of the first decade of the 2000s, the international nurse recruitment industry grew not only in size, but also in power, leaving internationally-educated nurses vulnerable to exploitation. More recent reports from 2019 of the labor trafficking of internationally-educated nurses are not new. Instead, a historical perspective reveals an ongoing pattern of deceptive practices and informs recommendations for stricter policies that ban recruiters from using liquidated damages provisions or breach-of-contract fees to trap nurses in exploitative work environments.

Historical, Philosophical And Psychological Dimensions Of Bilingualism: Cognitive And Neurological Perspectives

Research on bilingualism has traditionally focused on its effects on language proficiency, yet a significant gap exists in understanding its broader cognitive impacts, particularly regarding executive functions and brain structure. This study aims to bridge that gap by examining the multifaceted influences of bilingualism on cognitive function, incorporating historical and philosophical perspectives to provide a comprehensive analysis. Using a systematic literature review approach, supported by neuroimaging studies, this research explores how bilingualism enhances brain plasticity and executive functions, such as attentional control and task-switching. Historical analysis reveals the shift from early 20th-century deficit views of bilingualism to the recognition of its cognitive advantages. Philosophical discussions further contextualize these findings, addressing the ethical considerations of cognitive enhancement and the mind-brain relationship in bilingual contexts. The results suggest that bilingualism confers distinct cognitive benefits, reshaping both brain structure and function. Based on these findings, this study offers key recommendations for improving future research methodologies, emphasizing the need for more diverse and standardized studies, and suggests practical counseling approaches that account for the psychological and philosophical complexities of bilingual identity. These insights challenge traditional views on cognitive development and have significant implications for educational policies, counseling strategies, and future neuroscience research.

Antiphona ad Introitum dalam Missale Romanum Paulus VI: Asal Usul, Evolusi, Teologi

Antiphona ad Introitum or Entrance Antiphon is a liturgical text in the Missale Romanum. Following the liturgical renewal of the Second Vatican Council, the Entrance Antiphon’s function, form, and content underwent significant changes based on renewal criteria. Its role has shifted, and it is no longer intended for chant but exclusively for recitation. The form now consists of a single antiphon, unaccompanied by psalm verses and the doxology of the Gloria Patri. While some texts from the old Missale have been retained in their original form, most have been modified to suit their function better. This study seeks to elucidate the method of this reform, trace the editorial history of these texts, and provide a historical analysis of their origin and evolution from the early centuries to the present day. The aim is to help readers understand the background and evolution of these texts, the criteria utilized by the Consilium in the renewal, their theological significance, and their contemporary use. The conclusion of this study will underscore the dynamic nature of liturgy, constantly adapting to the needs of the times and its recipients. Ongoing updates and refinements will further enhance the congregation's comprehension of the mystery of the liturgical season. This study employs a historical-liturgical perspective through a comprehensive literature review.

Technologies in the History of the Movie Industry

The paper titled “Technologies in the History of the Movie Industry” examines the evolution of film technologies and their profound impact on the industry. It explores key technological advancements, from early silent films to talkies, black-and-white to colored films, and the rise of CGI and 3D technology. Each advancement not only enhanced the visual and emotional experience for audiences but also helped filmmakers convey complex ideas and create immersive worlds. The success of iconic films like Avatar, Metropolis, and Jurassic Park demonstrates how innovations in special effects, sound, and imagery have shaped the industry’s growth. The paper emphasizes that these technologies not only improved film quality but also allowed for deeper connections between audiences and the stories being told, ultimately expanding the possibilities of cinematic expression. Through historical analysis, the paper reveals how each technological milestone contributed to the artistic, cultural, and economic success of the film industry.

Mathematical Foundations of Real Numbers and its Application in Computation

The study of Real Numbers (R) is a fundamental pillar of Mathematical Analysis, serving as the cornerstone for a broad spectrum of Mathematical principles and practical applications. Real Numbers are examined both in theory and in practice, impacting fields like pure Mathematics, physics, engineering, and economics. This paper thoroughly explores Real Numbers, looking at their properties, how they are represented, and their significant role in Mathematical research and various applications. We highlight the importance of Real Numbers in advancing our understanding of Mathematics. This research article provides a comprehensive overview of the Mathematical foundations on Real Numbers and its application in computation. It explores historical developments, theoretical frameworks, Mathematical proofs, comparative analyses, applications, and future directions in the study of Real Numbers. The study aims to synthesize existing knowledge, highlight key contributions, theoretical framework and application in computation.

The Office of Shaykh al-‘Aql of the Druze in Lebanon

This book forum centers on Said Abou Zaki's Arabic book, “The Office of Shaykh al-‘Aql of the Druze in Lebanon.” It includes contributions from various scholars, each offering a unique perspective on the historical and institutional analysis of Druze religious leadership in Lebanon: Tuba Yildiz, Yusri Hazran, Akram Khater, and Abdul Rahman M. Chamseddine. Yildiz acknowledges the lack of historical readings and erroneous information in early 20th-century works on the Druze. She appreciates Abou Zaki's comprehensive study of Lebanese and Ottoman perspectives, offering a broader understanding of the Druze religious institution's development and its connection with the Ottoman Empire's socio-religious policies. Hazran commends the book for providing a comprehensive historical study of the Druze community's religious and spiritual leadership, shedding light on its evolution from the 11th century through to the Ottoman Empire's fall. Although the book excels in its research methods and historical insights, Hazran suggests strengthening it by addressing specific methodological and historical issues, such as placing the discussion on existing narratives and substantiating Emir Bashir Shihab II's role in the schism. Khater highlights the internal tensions in Abou Zaki's book arising from its threefold goals: serving as a historiographical essay, an origins story, and a history of Mashyakhat al-‘Aql. Khater commends the work's critical review of existing literature and acknowledges the book's significant contribution to understanding the position of Shaykh al-‘Aql amidst political crises. Chamseddine praised Abou Zaki's critical historiographical approach and genealogical method. Chamseddine highlights the importance of integrating oral histories and local traditions into academic research. He notes that Abou Zaki's work sheds light on the Druze community's religious evolution, although he critiques the book's occasional lack of coherence due to abrupt transitions and unexplained terminology. The reviewers concluded that the book constitutes a significant contribution to Druze Studies.

Utilizing Paleoclimate Data to Analyze the Relationship Between Climate Change and Human Activities

Our research aims at finding the relationship between climatic cycle-changes and the human activities in ancient China. Most climatic changes show shifts in the precipitation volume and alternations between warm and cold periods. Through other research findings, we find the precipitation volume is closely connected with alternations of warm and cold periods. This report presents a linear comparison between the population of ancient China and the east Asia climate variables and chooses tree rings as the main indicator of the paleo-climate. Through the literature review and the data analysis, we find that (1) The dominant climate pattern in East Asia is East Asia Summer Monsoon system, causing centennial scaled climate periodicities, affecting the ecosystem and the society. (2) There are certain cycles of climate change, in which the warm period and the cold period have a certain influence on the population change. (3) The precipitation has a certain correlation with the population change. However, single temperature and precipitation cannot directly affect the population change, but also need to be combined with social and historical factors specific analysis.

The Evolution of Advertising in Nigeria: Promoting Local Content for Sustainable Development

The complex relationship between advertising and local content promotion in Nigeria is one of the huge challenges to sustainable development. Cultural oversimplification, misrepresentation, and dominance of the West do significant damage to the representation of Nigerian culture authentically in the practice of advertising. This paper, therefore, reviews this relationship by incorporating historical evolution, and technological, cultural, and regulatory dynamics. The qualitative research design followed in this study generated primary data through the use of in-depth interviews conducted on key players in the Nigerian advertising industry. The primary data collected underwent a thematic analysis, while the historical analysis was supported by multiple sources, including historical records, publications from the industry itself, and scholarly literature. This research shall, therefore, be located within the understanding of the Cultural Imperialism Theory and the Development Media Theory as a lens to critically analyse the complexity of representations of local content in advertising. The results showed that there were positive and negative perceptions toward the integration of local content in Nigerian advertisements, as most consumers appreciate culturally authentic content. It identifies challenges and also shows how to use opportunities: bridging Nigeria's multicultural identity and digital platforms for sustainable development. This research underlines the need for a balance between global advertising practices and the local cultural nuances of impactful, sensitive campaigns that shall help lead the course of sustainable development and preserve the rich cultural heritage of this great nation.

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF STUDENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES

The article presents a historical and pedagogical analysis of the formation and development of the system of student scientific research activities in European institutions of higher education. The evolution of this system is studied, tracing its roots from the birth of the first universities in the Middle Ages to the modern stage of higher education development in Europe. Special attention is given to analyzing the impact of world wars, technological progress, and globalization on the development of student research. The article examines the peculiarities of organizing student research activities in leading European universities, including the University of Oxford, the Technical University of Munich, and Leiden University. The role of student scientific societies in cultivating a research culture and shaping the scientific outlook of students is also analyzed. Attention is paid to the issue of financing student research activities, with various mechanisms for supporting student research considered, including state grants, university funds, and private company programs. The components of the student research activity system discussed ‒ such as the integration of research into the educational process, international cooperation, use of advanced technologies, interdisciplinary approaches, and alignment with societal needs ‒ demonstrate their effectiveness in training new researchers who can address modern challenges and contribute to the development of science and society. The purpose of the article is to conduct a historical-pedagogical analysis of student research activity systems in different European countries. The research methods applied: historical-pedagogical, literature analysis, synthesis, comparison, and theoretical generalization.

Brazilian natural gas market dynamics: A data panel analysis of the Brazilian market compared with Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, and India using Porter's five forces framework

This study offers a comparative analysis of natural gas markets in Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, and India, spanning from 2000 to 2020. Leveraging panel data and historical time series analysis, coupled with Porter's Five Forces framework, it examines industry dynamics across upstream, downstream, midstream, and upstream dimensions. Insights into competitive landscapes are derived, considering regulatory frameworks, resource availability, infrastructure development, and demand patterns. Despite Brazil's efforts to enhance domestic production, infrastructure, and regulatory reforms, challenges persist, hindering sectoral growth. Comparative studies underscore the need for policy improvements to align with investment commitments. This study contributes novel insights into the competitive positioning of natural gas markets, offering actionable recommendations for stakeholders. Identifying potential bottlenecks informs strict decision-making in the global energy landscape.

Comparative Historical Analysis in Political Theory

AbstractTwo important methodological debates in political theory concern (i) the place of historical research and interpretation in normative inquiry; and (ii) the importance of comparing different cultural traditions of political thought. The first question animates a long-standing controversy over the relative importance of ‘history of political thought’ versus ‘philosophy’ in political theory, while the second has been central to the recent growth of ‘comparative political theory’. Despite both debates being concerned, in fundamental ways, with history and comparison, they have remained surprisingly disconnected from broader debates in the humanities and social sciences about the use of comparative history and, in particular, of the prominent methodological approach in political science known as ‘comparative historical analysis’. This may reflect the fact that the debates over history of political thought and comparative political theory have fundamentally revolved around thought—history as the history of thought and comparison as the comparison of thought—whereas comparative historical analysis is more centrally focused on the study of political behaviour. In this paper I suggest that this neglect of comparative historical analysis in political theory represents a missed opportunity. Like other forms of social scientific inquiry, comparative historical analysis can yield important empirical knowledge for political theorists. But I wish to more ambitiously suggest that comparative historical analysis can also be adapted for conducting normative political theory itself. I summarise the key features of comparative historical analysis for political theorists, and explain how its use of historical cases can supplement both the use of imaginary thought experiments and the study of contemporary politics. I then delineate three specific ways in which comparative historical analysis might be used to support normative inquiry: deductive testing, inductive construction, and casuistic elaboration. All three, I argue, can help meet recent calls to bring the study of real political behaviour more centrally into political theory research.

Navigating the moral maze: a literature review of ethical values in business process management

PurposeBusiness process management (BPM), as a pillar of information systems (IS) research, has become more complex with the advent of new technologies, emphasizing the need for moral and ethical perspectives. To foster moral behavior and responsible action, including ethical values in IT systems and processes can be a solid option. By incorporating a socio-technical perspective, we are able to analyze the various aspects of BPM and organizational processes and the incorporated values. We find an overall acknowledgment of the importance of values and ethics in BPM.Design/methodology/approachThis publication explores ethical values within BPM through a systematic literature review (SLR). The study aims to identify the ethical dimensions inherent in BPM and their practical implications in process management and task execution. The methodological approach adopted is a SLR (Boell and Cecez-Kecmanovic, 2015), adapting the PRISMA guidelines (Page et al., 2021) to identify 82 articles from 21 top IS journals suggested by Lowry et al. (2013).FindingsA descriptive framework is developed to explain the use and application of ethical values within business processes. This framework enables practitioners and researchers to categorize and understand the various ethical considerations involved in BPM. It provides a structured approach highlighting the interrelation between process perspectives and ethical values, demonstrating how different BPM approaches may have varying ethical implications. We compare past and future research in business processes, identifying areas for further investigation and theoretical development. A historical analysis of values and literature also helps contextualize contemporary discussions on ethics in BPM, shedding light on the evolution of ethical considerations within this domain.Originality/valueOur study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of BPM, highlighting the importance of considering ethical values and socio-technical perspectives in designing and implementing business processes. These findings contribute to understanding the values associated with different types of processes and their employment and highlight potential areas for future research. Our study provides ethics-oriented research in IS with novel insights by examining BPM from an ethical value perspective. We contribute to the BPM literature by examining which values are applied in which process types from which perspective. In addition, our research suggestions provide food for thought for both research streams.

Literary and Arithmetic Schools of Uktus Factory (1735–1742): A Historical Analysis

This article examines the activities of the schools established at the Uktus Factory, initiated by the proactive policies of V.N. Tatischev during his tenure as the head of the factories (1734–1739), aimed at engaging children from all factory residents in formal education. The study establishes enrollment figures for the schools over three-year intervals, details collective recruitment efforts, and presents the total number of students taught literacy and basic mathematics, alongside an analysis of the social and age demographics of the pupils. It demonstrates that during the establishment of a network of factory schools in 1735–1736, the movement of skilled workers to other factories due to production needs rarely interrupted children’s education, often resulting in a turnover of students at Uktus. The article characterizes the teacher, exiled Nikita Afanasyev, highlighting his proactive approach to enhancing the organization of literacy instruction. It identifies key dates regarding the commencement of arithmetic education at the Uktus Literary School in Yekaterinburg, the founding of the arithmetic school at the Uktus Factory, and the appointment of top students from the Yekaterinburg school to teach Uktus children under the supervision of teachers Fyodor Sannikov and Afanasy Kichigin. The reasons for the closure of the schools at the Uktus Factory in autumn 1742 and the sharp decline in student enrollment from 1743 onwards are also analyzed.

Reconfiguring the Tribe: Changing Ethnic Affiliations in India’s Northeast

This essay sees the form and functioning of the Zeliangrong Naga community as a work in progress. Rather than a perennial, historically immutable and delimited entity, the (relatively recent) formation of the Zeliangrong community indicates that tribes can be formed afresh and that tribal identities are constantly in flux. I begin by tracing and placing the origins of the Zeliangrong Naga as told by Zeliangrong elders and circulating origin and migration stories. Then, continuing my focus on ethnic alignment and realignment, I studied the Zeliangrong movement that emerged in the 1920s. At first, they advocated a Naga Raj through the ousting of the colonial government. Over time, however, this rebellion changed direction and reduced its ambitions to the creation of a Zeliangrong homeland that would unite the Zeliangrong people who currently inhabit three different states of Northeast India, namely Manipur, Nagaland and Assam. Drawing both on historical analysis and fresh ethnography this essay shows how over time the Zeliangrong ethnic identity has come under strain and is increasingly internally contested with its constituent parts now expressing divergent political aspirations while also struggling over status, standing and dominance within.

Yekaterinodar city orphan court: prerequisites of education and law enforcement practice for the establishment of guardianship and guardianship over minors (XIX – early XX centuries)

The article is devoted to a comprehensive historical and legal analysis of the prerequisites for the formation of the Yekaterinodar city orphan Court at the end of the XIX century. and an assessment of its practical activities. In particular, the paper examines the peculiarities of establishing guardianship and guardianship over minors in the Kuban in the pre-reform period, as well as reveals the socio-political reasons explaining why the activities of orphan courts at the end of the XVIII – first half of the XIX century were not provided for in military Cossack settlements. Only since the second half of the XIX century. Conditions for the formation of these organs are beginning to form in the Kuban region. So, in 1886, the city orphan court was established at the Yekaterinodar District Court, from among the burghers and merchants. The article analyzes the features of establishing guardianship and guardianship over minor citizens of Yekaterinodar in the late XIX – early XX century. The author comes to the conclusion that the formation of the Yekaterinodar City Orphan Court was predetermined by the action of the reforms of Alexander II, eliminating the imperative, monosyllabic principle of the functioning of administrative and judicial institutions in the Kuban.