Histomorphological Study Research Articles

A Histomorphological Study of Urinary Bladder Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital

A Histomorphological Study of Urinary Bladder Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Anatomical and Histomorphological Study on the kidney of Awassi Sheep (Ovis aries)

Anatomical and Histomorphological Study on the kidney of Awassi Sheep (Ovis aries)

Histomorphological Study of Nephrectomy Specimens with Assessment of Prognostic Parameters in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Background: Kidney is a major organ that is affected by vast spectrum of non-neoplastic (NN) and neoplastic lesions. Simple nephrectomy is done for nonfunctioning kidneys in inflammatory/ benign disorders, radical / partial nephrectomy is done for neoplasms. Aims: This study aims to study the different histomorphological features observed in nephrectomy specimens and to assess the significance of prognostic parameters in the evaluation of renal cancers. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study that includes 71 nephrectomy specimens received in our department. Results: Among the 71 nephrectomy specimens 57.7% were NN lesions. Chronic pyelonephritis and Clear cell type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were the commonest NN and neoplastic lesions respectively. Majority of RCCs were histologically grade 2 (50%). A significant correlation was found between tumor size and grade, tumor size and renal sinus invasion (RSI) and RSI was frequently seen in higher grade RCCs. However, a larger sample size is needed to generalize these results. Conclusion: With early interventions of NN lesions and detecting RCC in early stages the need for surgical management and radical procedures can be brought down to spare this vital organ.

The oculomotor cistern and pituitary adenomas: anatomical and clinical study.

The oculomotor cistern (OMC) is a meningeal cuff filled with CSF that contains the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve [CN] III) at the level of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. Only a few studies have investigated the involvement of the OMC by pituitary adenomas (pituitary neuroendocrine tumors [PitNETs]), mainly with relatively small case series. The aim of this study was to perform a histomorphological description of the OMC and systematically analyze its involvement by PitNETs from radiological, clinical, and surgical perspectives. Ten hemisellae from formalin-fixed specimens were studied with 3-µm sections. Digital image analysis software was used for morphological and quantitative assessments. Clinical, radiological, surgical, and histological data of patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for PitNETs at the University of Brescia, Italy, between 2014 and 2021 were recorded. OMC involvement was graded as not compressed, compressed, and invaded. The same surgical team operated on all patients. The OMC had an elliptical shape with an average area of 3.1 mm2 and a length of 5.5 mm. No cisternal points of weakness were recognized in the histomorphological study. Of 315 patients, 246 had complete data: apoplexy and CN III palsy were documented in 6.9% and 8.5%, respectively. OMC compression and invasion were recorded in 106 (43.1%) and 23 (9.3%) patients. Significant associations between OMC involvement and PitNET dimensions (p < 0.001), Knosp grade (p < 0.001), preoperative oculomotor palsy (p < 0.001), Ki-67 percentage (p = 0.009), and recurrence/progression of residual tumor (p = 0.008) were found. A new postoperative CN III palsy was evident in 2%: transient in 4 cases, and persistent in 1 patient treated for a recurrent PitNET who experienced a local infection complication. Preoperative CN III palsy improved in 10 cases. Significant OMC involvement by PitNETs might be underrecognized, but it can be treated using the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach, and it affects patient outcomes.

Prophylactic Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Momordica balsamina Against CCL4 Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats

Introduction: Liver injury can result from various causes, including alcohol consumption, viral infections (such as hepatitis), autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and exposure to certain chemicals, drugs or toxins. It can manifest as inflammation, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, or acute liver failure, depending on the cause and severity. Treatment often involves addressing the underlying cause, lifestyle changes (such as avoiding alcohol or certain medications), and sometimes medication to support liver function or manage specific conditions. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing further damage and promoting liver health. Studies have reported the effects of Momordica balsamina on liver injury. Aim: This study aim to evaluate the prophylactic effect of methanolic leaf extract of Momordica balsamina against CCL4-induced liver injury in Wistar Rats. Methodology: The fresh leaves of Momordica balsamina were purchased at Marina Market, Sokoto, the plant was air dry at room temperature for 2 weeks and the air-dried leaves were processed with methanol to obtain methanolic extract. An acute toxicity study of M. balsamina extract was conducted with six doses (10, 100, 1000, 1600, 2900 and 5000 mg/kg) to evaluate its safety. Phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out to detect the presence or absence of carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, protein, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and steroids. A total of 42 Wistar rats (170±20g) of either sex roughly of the same age (8-10 weeks) were used for the study. After two weeks of acclimatization, the rats were randomly divided into six groups of seven rats each; group 1 (normal control) treated with distilled water and vital feeds; groups 2 (Negative control) CCl4 treated with liver injury not on treatment; group 3 (Standard control) CCl4 liver injury treated with 50 mg/kg Silymarin; group 4 (500 mg/kg M. balsamina + 2mL CCl4); group 5 (1000 mg/kg M. balsamina + 2mL CCl4) and group 6 (1500 mg/kg M. balsamina + 2mL CCl4) for 4 weeks. On the last day, the rats were anaesthetized, and blood and liver organ were collected for biochemical and histomorphology study. Results: The prophylactic effects of methanolic leaf extract of Momordica balsamina against CCl4-induced liver injury were evaluated on liver function tests (LFTs) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). This study shows that Momordica balsamina extract significantly (P&lt; 0.05) decreased the level of serum AST, ALT, ALP, TB and DB positively by inhibiting their raise at dose-dependent manner compared to the negative control, equally, the extract increased the serum level of Albumin and total protein when compared to the negative control. On the other hand, the extract shows significant reduction of serum level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) near to normal at varying dose. The finding of the prophylactic effect of methanolic leaf extract of Momordica balsamina on histology shows significant improvement on liver cell with notable recovery and appearance of the histological architecture of the hepatocyte at the highest dose (1500 mg/kg+2mL CCl4) compared to negative control group. Conclusion: The presence of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant properties as well as a gene that is responsible for its prophylactic effect may be one of the mechanisms through which the plant extract was able to exert prophylactic effect on CCl4 induced liver injury in Wistar rats. This study suggests that M. balsamina extract may be considered as an affordable and non-invasive treatment option for liver injury in human.

Comparative Histomorphological study of small intestine between Harrier (Circus cyaneus) and Partridge (Alectoris chukka) in Iraq

Comparative Histomorphological study of small intestine between Harrier (Circus cyaneus) and Partridge (Alectoris chukka) in Iraq

Fufang Zhenshu Tiaozhi capsule enhances bone formation and safeguards against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through innovative Mekk2-mediated β-catenin deubiquitination.

Bone homeostasis depends on the regulation of β-catenin in osteoblasts. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to diminish β-catenin activity via Wnt pathway signaling, leading to osteoporosis. Conversely, activating β-catenin in osteoblasts through mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (Mekk2) offers an innovative approach to combat GC-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Fufang Zhenshu Tiaozhi (FTZ) capsules have shown effectiveness in treating GIOP, but the mechanisms behind this are still unclear. In this study, Mekk2 knockout mice (Mekk2-/-) was generated by CRISPR/Cas9. These mice were then subjected to Alcian Blue-Alizarin Red staining and immunofluorescence to assess their bone and cartilage development. To establish models of GIOP, both Mekk2-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with dexamethasone (DXMS) and subsequently given FTZ capsules. We analyzed the resulting phenotypic changes in these mice using Micro-CT scans and histomorphological studies. Primary osteoblasts, isolated from both Mekk2-/- and WT mice, underwent qRT-PCR to measure key osteogenesis markers, including Runx2, Sp7, Bgalp, Col1a1 and Alp. Cells were then exposed to treatments with either FTZ or Wnt3a and the phosphorylation levels of β-catenin and Mekk2, along with the protein expression of Runx2, were evaluated using Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Additionally, C3H10T1/2 cells transfected with TOPflash-luciferase and Renilla luciferase reporters were treated with FTZ and Wnt3a to measure β-catenin activity. In our study, administering FTZ in vivo effectively prevented bone loss typically induced by GCs. However, it's important to note that this protective effect was substantially reduced in mice lacking Mekk2. Additionally, FTZ showed a significant ability to enhance osteogenic differentiation in primary osteoblasts, doing so by altering the expression of Mekk2. Intriguingly, the impact of FTZ on Mekk2 appears to function through a pathway separate from the traditional Wnt signaling route. Furthermore, our findings indicate that FTZ also promotes the deubiquitination of β-catenin, contributing further to its positive effects on bone health. This study suggests that FTZ plays a significant role in protecting bone mass in cases of GIOP. The mechanism through which FTZ confers this benefit involves the activation of Mekk2/β-catenin signaling pathways, which represents a promising alternative strategy to counteract the deleterious effects of GIOP by augmenting osteoblastogenesis.

Histomorphological studies of myocardium under the influence of pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine in the model of moderate hemic hypoxia

Histomorphological studies of myocardium under the influence of pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine in the model of moderate hemic hypoxia

Влияние современных кормовых добавок отечественного производства на гистоморфологические показатели мышечной ткани и внутренних органов кур-несушек

The article presents the results of studies aimed at studying the effect of domestic feed additives based on a 55 % water-oil emulsion of fish oil and flaxseed oil (Manufacturer: LLC Firm "A-BIO") on the histomorphological parameters of muscle tissue and internal organs (liver, spleen) of laying hens. It is worth noting that the use of drugs and feed additives in livestock and poultry farming can have both positive and negative effects on the animal’s body as a whole. Carrying out histomorphological studies of the muscle tissue and internal organs of birds after the use of feed additives will allow us to assess the degree of their impact on the body of laying hens. It has been established that domestic feed additives used in poultry diets do not have a negative effect on the histomorphological parameters of muscle tissue and internal organs (liver, spleen) of laying hens.

Bare the Black Mildew - Histomorphological Study of Fungi in Vicinity and Fungi in Tissue Biopsies of Mucormycosis

Introduction: The “Black fungus” epidemic hitting COVID - 19 patients has led to a scare among general public and inquisitiveness among medical fraternity about the probable source of this fungus. A wide range of fungi are seen in and around our vicinity especially growing on kitchen items like vegetables, fruits, other organic materials, etc. Hence, an attempt was made to study the morphology of these fungi and compare it with the morphology of fungi observed in tissue biopsies sent routinely. Objectives: 1. To study the morphology of fungi that grow in close vicinity especially food items. 2. To compare morphology of same with fungi that are identified in patient samples. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Pathology. Various fungi grown on vegetables, food, fruits and in the vicinity were included. Representative bits from these were fixed in 10% formalin and processed routinely. H and E sections were studied for morphology of the fungus under light microscopy. These were compared with the tissue biopsies of patients with fungal infection. Results: Thirty samples were processed (15 vegetables, 7 fruits, 5 organic materials, 3 plants). On morphological comparison of Group A with Group B, only aspergillus and candida appeared simila. Other details are discussed. Conclusion: Exposure to contaminated fruits, vegetables and other environmental materials maybe a risk for development of fungal infections in people with already existing co-morbidities/compromised immunity. Novelty: Attempt to explore common sources of fungi in our vicinity. Keywords: Black fungus, Fungi, Morphology of fungi, COVID19 pandemic, COVID, Fruits, Vegetables, Environment

Comparative histomorphologic study of basement membrane side staining and additional epithelial side staining of the anterior lens capsule with Trypan Blue.

To compare the histomorphologic changes on the anterior lens capsule by both epithelial and basement membrane side staining to those of only basement membrane side staining of the anterior lens capsule with Trypan Blue (TB). A cross-sectional study was done on 72 samples from patients who underwent cataract surgery between April 2021 and September 2022. After capsulorhexis of the TB-stained capsule, it was made into two halves externally and one half labeled as controls (sample A). The other half was immediately stained further with TB on the epithelial side and was taken as cases (sample B). Samples were analyzed for lens epithelial cells and basement membrane changes. The loss of intactness of lens epithelial cells, partial or complete detachment of lens epithelial cells, degeneration of lens epithelial cells, and basement edema were significantly higher in cases compared to controls, whereas intactness of the basement membrane did not show any statistical significance between the two groups. There was a statistically significant decrease in cell density in cases compared to controls. Staining the epithelial side of the capsular bag with TB is more detrimental to lens epithelial cells and paves the way for a further study of staining the capsular bag before intra-ocular lens implantation to reduce the incidence of posterior capsule opacification.

Histomorphological study of breast lesion in a tertiary care centre in Kathmandu

Various types of lesion from inflammation to carcinoma can affect the breast. Some lesions are common in young age group while others are more common in elderly age group. Accurate diagnosis is essential to relieve anxiety of patients. In case of carcinoma, early and accurate diagnosis can save the patient from metastases thus reducing mortality and morbidity. Histopathology plays a major role in distinguishing benign lesions from malignant lesions. Hospital based descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care centre in Kathmandu over a period of eleven months (1st September 2022 to 30th July 2023). A total of 52 cases of breast lesions were included in the study. Among 52 cases, 17 (33%) were non-neoplastic and 35 (67.0%) were neoplastic. Among neoplastic, 21 (40.3%) were benign and 14 (26.9%) were malignant. Among non neoplastic lesions, inflammatory lesion (17.3%) was the most common diagnosis. Among neoplastic lesion, fibroadenoma (34.6%) was the most common diagnosis. All cases of malignant breast lesions (26.9%) were diagnosed as invasive breast carcinoma, no special type. This study helped us to analyze the histopathological spectrum and prevalence of breast lesions in this part of our country. It is well known fact that the histomorphological study of the breast lesions is an important aspect for the diagnosis, management and prognosis of breast diseases.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma with Warthin like features- rare case report

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma with Warthin like features is a deceptive tumour and can be potentially misdiagnosed as a Warthin tumour which is benign, Warthin tumour with mucinous and squamous metaplasia or MEC transformed from Warthin tumour. We are presenting a case of a 25-year-old woman with recurrent solitary mass in the left parotid gland. Microscopically it consists of predominantly cystic areas and focal solid infiltrative tumour with mucinous, intermediate and epidermoid cells having complex architecture in a fibrotic stroma. Extracellular mucin pools seen. Cystic areas are lined by monolayered as well as bilayer epithelium with lymphoid stroma (Warthin like morphology). Occasional mitosis noted. No necrosis and perineural invasion seen. Immunohistochemically, the tumour is positive for P63, P40, CK5/6, EMA, Mucicarmine stain, diffusely positive for CK7. We reached at the final conclusion of low grade MEC, Warthin like features. Even though the cytogenetic studies are confirmatory, we emphasize the role of histomorphology study with IHC and clinical history in identifying this rare variant of MEC with Warthin like features.

Adhesion of vessel wall to stentriever during combined technique for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: A histomorphological study.

Detection of vessel wall tissue in thrombus material in patients with ischemic stroke is judged as vascular injury. So far, several studies investigated components of the free clots after mechanical thrombectomy. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the involvement and role of the stentriever in vessel wall injury by analysis of the composition of adherent tissue to the stentriever during combined aspiration thrombectomy with stentriever. Stentriever with adherent tissue and free clots in aspiration samples from patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (aspiration plus stentriever) were separately assessed for the occurrence of parts of vascular tissue together with clinical and interventional data as well as clinical outcome data. Specimens were analyzed histomorphologically and immunohistochemically. Findings, focused on parts of vessel wall were reported together with clinical data. Specimens from 21 identified patients were available. Parts of the vessel wall were detected in 7 out 21 (33%) samples. All specimens revealed fresh thrombus material without signs of organization or atheromatous tissue. In 90% of patients mTICI was greater than 2b without signs of secondary vessel injury. No vascular tissue was found in free clots of the aspiration samples. The examination of adherent tissue to the stentriever instead of the examination of free clots may affect the number of detected parts of vessel wall. Further studies in combination with vessel wall imaging may elucidate the origin of remnants of vessel wall.

Vascularized versus Free Nerve Grafts: An Experimental Study on Rats.

Vascularized nerve grafts (VNGs) have been proposed as a superior alternative to free nerve grafts (FNGs) for complex nerve defects. A greater regenerative potential has been suggested by clinical and experimental studies, but conclusive evidence is still lacking. In this experimental study, 10 adult male Wistar rats received a non-vascularized orthotopic sciatic nerve graft on their right side, and a vascularized orthotopic sciatic nerve graft nerve on their left side. Functional outcome following nerve regeneration was evaluated through electrodiagnostic studies, target muscles weight and histomorphology, and data of VNGs and FNGs were compared. The results of this study showed a significant difference in the motor unit number of Gastrocnemius Medialis (GM) estimated by MUNE in the VNG side compared to the FNG side. No other significant differences in axonal regeneration and muscle reinnervation were evident at either electrodiagnostic, histomorphology studies or muscle weight. This experimental model showed slight differences in nerve regeneration between VNGs and FNGs, but cannot support a high clinical advantage for VNGs. The results of this study show that VNGs are not strongly superior to FNGs in the rat model, even in avascular beds. Clinical advantages of VNGs are likely to be limited to extensive and thick nerve defects and can only be assessed on experimental model with bigger animals. Also, we showed that the MUNE technique provided a reliable and reproducible evaluation of functional outcomes in the rat sciatic nerve and defined a reproducible protocol for functional evaluation of muscle reinnervation.

Radical Scavenging, Anti-Inflammatory, and Hepatoprotective Activities of Pentacyclic Triterpene isolated from Rosa webbiana.

Rosa webbiana (RW) Wall Ex. Royle is used in traditional medicine in Pakistan for the treatment of several diseases including jaundice. To date, only neuroprotective potential of the plant has been evaluated. The current study was designed to isolate bioactive compound(s) and investigate its possible radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Column chromatography was done to isolate compounds from the chloroform fraction of RW. The compound was characterized by mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Radical scavenging activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays, while anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated via xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema models. For hepatoprotection, CCl4-induced model in mice was used. A triterpene compound (3α, 21β-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene) was isolated from RW fruits (ARW1). The compound exhibited DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activities 61 ± 1.31% and 66 ± 0.48% respectively at 500 μg/ml. ARW1 (at 50 mg/kg) exhibited 62.9 ± 0.15% inhibition of xylene-induced ear edema and 66.6 ± 0.17% carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. In CCl4-induced hepatotoxic mice, ARW1 significantly countered elevation in alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (T.B), and reduction in total protein (T.P) levels. Liver histomorphological study supported the serum biochemical profile for hepatoprotection. Moreover, ARW1 significantly attenuated the toxic changes in body and liver weight induced by CCl4. The compound ARW1 exhibited anti-radical, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities may be attributed to anti-oxidant potential of the compound.

The Results of Biochemical and Pathomorphological Studies of The Internal Organs of White Rats on The Model of Experimental Glomerulonephritis

Objective: to study the effect of bread with the addition of 5 and 10% soy flour on the body of rats and to assess biochemical and pathological changes in animal organs in experimental glomerulonephritis. Material and methods: The glomerulonephritis model was reproduced by injecting 5 ml of isolated adopted lymphocytes intravenously through the tail vein to intact white mongrel rats. Results: the introduction of bread enriched with 5% and 10% soy flour into the diet of animals with experimental glomerulonephritis is safe, does not cause additional pathologies and death of animals and slightly improves the course of the disease. The improvement of the condition is confirmed by the results of biochemical studies of blood serum and histomorphological studies of the internal organs of white rats with experimental glomerulonephritis. Conclusions: the effectiveness of a low-protein diet based on the appointment of bakery products from wheat-soy flour in experimental glomerulonephritis is substantiated.

Marine Algae Based-Meal as Substitute Ingredient Feeds for the Fighting Conch Strombus tricornis L. (Mollusca, Gastropoda): Body Weights and Histomorphological Studies

Marine Algae Based-Meal as Substitute Ingredient Feeds for the Fighting Conch Strombus tricornis L. (Mollusca, Gastropoda): Body Weights and Histomorphological Studies

Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Allium Sativum (Garlic) On the Histomorphology and Biochemical Parameters of Lead -Induced Cerebellar Injury on the Adult Male Wistar Rats

The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of an aqueous extract of Allium sativum on the biochemical parameters and histo-architecture of lead-induced cerebella damage in male Wistar rats. Sixteen male rats were procured for the study. They were divided into 4 groups, with 4 rats in each group. Group 1 (Control group) received only food and water, those in group 2 were given lead at the dosage of 120 mg/kg body weight. Group 3 received lead at the dosage of 120 mg/kg body weight and the extract at 300 mg/kg body weight while those in group 4 were given lead at the dosage of 120 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight of the extract. The extracts were administered orally for 21 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical evaluation. The rats were sacrificed, and their cerebella were harvested for histo-morphological studies. The levels of Superoxide dismutase (22.49 ± 1.21) and Malondialdehyde (1.17 ± 0.092) were normal in group 1. There was significant derangement in their levels in group 2, Superoxide dismutase (9.83 ± 0.93) and Malondialdehyde (11.42 ± 1.82). In groups 3 and 4, the levels of Superoxide dismutase increased towards the levels of the control group (12.81 ± 1.13, 16.06 ± 0.29), while those of Malondialdehyde also decreased towards the levels of the control group (6.49 ± 0.57, 3.12 ± 0.36). The histo-architecture of the cerebella in group 1, appeared normal, those in group 2 showed traumatic encephalopathy of the granular cell layer. In groups 3 and 4, there was mild tissue traumatic encephalopathy. The extract of A. sativum showed a significant protective effect on the biochemical parameters and histo-architecture of lead-induced cerebella damage in adult male Wistar rats.

Histomorphological study of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients

Background: Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive angioinvasive fungal infection which has a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Mucormycosis most commonly invades the nose and paranasal sinuses presenting as rhinosinusitis. We noted an upsurge in the number of patients affected with Mucormycosis during Covid-19 infection era. Aim: Our study aims to illustrate the histopathology of Mucormycosis in post-Covid-19 patients and also to study the fungal morphology by utilizing special stains. Materials and Methods: We prospectively analysed the histopathological findings of fungal elements in 260 different histopathological samples of mucormycosis in post-covid-19 patients. The clinical and histopathological findings were noted and tabulated. Statistical Analysis Used: The data collected was tabulated and coded in Microsoft excel. All the data of demographic and clinical characteristics were analysed by descriptive statistics and percentage. Tables and graphs were added wherever applicable. Results: Out of 260 cases analysed, most of the patients presented with periorbital swelling followed by headache and nasal block. Histopathologically, most of the cases showed chronic inflammatory reaction with wide areas of necrosis and granuloma formation. The fungal elements have been appreciated and sensitivity of different stains to appreciate the fungal structures have been compared.