Histological Grade Of Malignancy Research Articles

The Expression of PDL-1 and PD1 in the Microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint proteins, especially PD-1/PD-L1, play a vital role in controlling the intensity and duration of the immune response. However, cancer cells often over-expression PDL-1 on their surfaces, which leads to the permanent activation of the PD-1/PDL-1 pathway and exhaustion of T cells and creates a resistant tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to analyze PD-1, PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (PDL-1/TC) and in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (PDL-1/TILS) of OSCC patients and associated with and to correlate it with histologic grade of malignancy and clinicopathologic parameters. The sample consisted of 43 archived specimens of 43 patients of OSCC with Clinical features (gender, age, smoking, clinical stage) collected from medical records between 2014-2021. The intensity of PD-1, PDL-1/TC, PDL-1/TILS, positive cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. PDL-1/TILS and PDL-1/TC were observed in all specimens except two cases in well-differentiated were negative. PDL-1/TILS was significant between histological grades(P=0.004<0.05). There was no significant between PDL-1/TC and PDL-1/TILS and between poorly differentiated and moderately differentiated groups' ROC P values (P=0.133, 0.340>0.05) respectively. There is a difference between PDL-1/TC and PDL-1/TILS between poorly differentiated and well-differentiated groups ROC P value (0.005, 0.028), Sensitivity (0.857, 0.857), specificity (0.765, 0.824) respectively and there is a difference between and PDL-1/TILS moderate differentiated and well-differentiated groups ROC P value (0.133,) Sensitivity (0.737), specificity (0.765). No differences between PDL-1/TC and moderate and well-differentiated groups P value (0.173). There is a significant correlation between PDL-1/TC and PDL-1/TILS with an age P>65 value (0.032) in the well-differentiated group. PDL-1/TC and PDL-1/TILS with the depth of invasion (DOI) in the well-differentiated group. No significant correlation was obtained between PDL-1/TC and PDL-1/TILS and smoking, clinical stage, and gender. No significant correlation was obtained between PD1 and the histological grades or clinicopathologic characteristics. PDL-1/TILS and PDL-1/TC are independent prognostic factors in OSCC and PDL1-/TILS has an important role.

TGFβ in malignant canine mammary tumors: relation with angiogenesis, immunologic markers and prognostic role

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and FoxP3 regulatory T cells (Treg) are involved in human breast carcinogenesis. This topic is not well documented in canine mammary tumors (CMT). In this work, the tumoral TGFβ expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 67 malignant CMT and its correlation to previously determined FoxP3, VEGF, and CD31 markers and other clinicopathologic parameters was evaluated. The high levels of TGFβ were statistically significantly associated with skin ulceration, tumor necrosis, high histological grade of malignancy (HGM), presence of neoplastic intravascular emboli and presence of lymph node metastases. The observed levels of TGFβ were positively correlated with intratumoral FoxP3 (strong correlation), VEGF (weak correlation) and CD31 (moderate correlation). Tumors that presented a concurrent high expression of TGFβ/FoxP3, TGFβ/VEGF, and TGFβ/CD31 markers were statistically significantly associated with parameters of tumor malignancy (high HGM, presence of vascular emboli and nodal metastasis). Additionally, shorter overall survival (OS) time was statistically significantly associated with tumors with an abundant TGFβ expression and with concurrent high expression of TGFβ/FoxP3, TGFβ/VEGF, and TGFβ/CD31. The presence of lymph node metastasis increased 11 times the risk of disease-related death, arising as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in the multivariable analysis. In conclusion, TGFβ and Treg cells seem involved in tumor progression emerging as potential therapeutic targets for future immunotherapy studies.

Relationship between tumor thickness and GATA3 immunoexpression in lip and tongue squamous cell carcinomas.

Lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (LLSCCs) exhibit lower levels of aggressiveness, low relations with metastases and better prognosis when compared with intraoral squamous cell carcinomas. Differently from the oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCCs) have a high tendency towards local invasion and lymph nodal dissemination. Our aim was to evaluate tumor thickness in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and correlate it with histological grade of malignancy and GATA3 immunoreactivity. Sixty specimens (30 LLSCCs and 30 OTSCCs) were scanned and digitized for the subsequent measurement of tumor thickness, histopathological examination, and quantitative analysis of GATA3 in the parenchyma and stroma of the tumors. Tumor thickness was lower in LLSCC compared to OTSCCs. Immunohistochemical analysis of GATA3 in parenchyma, stroma and both compartments showed higher immunoreactivity in LLSCCs compared to OTSCCs. We observed a negative correlation between tumor thickness and GATA3 expression in parenchyma, stroma, and both compartments. Our results revealed the presence of GATA3 in all cases both in the parenchyma and in the stroma. Higher expression was more related to LLSCCs, which are known to be less aggressive tumors than OTSCCs. A greater tumor thickness was found in OTSCCs, which was correlated with lower expression of GATA3, suggesting that this protein is involved in the inhibition of proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacity.

Investigating Cox-2 and EGFR as Biomarkers in Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common and highly aggressive dog tumor known for its local invasiveness and metastatic potential. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving the development and progression of OSCC is crucial for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Additionally, spontaneous oral squamous cell carcinomas in dogs are an excellent model for studying human counterparts. In this study, we aimed to investigate the significance of two key molecular components, Cox-2 and EGFR, in canine OSCC. We examined 34 tumor sections from various dog breeds to assess the immunoexpression of Cox-2 and EGFR. Our findings revealed that Cox-2 was highly expressed in 70.6% of cases, while EGFR overexpression was observed in 44.1%. Cox-2 overexpression showed association with histological grade of malignancy (HGM) (p = 0.006) and EGFR with vascular invasion (p = 0.006). COX-2 and EGFR concurrent expression was associated with HGM (p = 0.002), as well as with the presence of vascular invasion (p = 0.002). These data suggest that Cox-2 and EGFR could be promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, opening avenues for developing novel treatment strategies for dogs affected by OSCC. Further studies are warranted to delve deeper into these findings and translate them into clinical practice.

Impact of molecular genetic profle of meningiomas on the clinical course and recurrence using combined modality treatment

Introduction. Meningioma is one of the most common central nervous system tumors, accounting for 39.7 % of all primary brain tumors. The tumor originates from arachnoid meningothelial cells and is characterized by a wide range of histological types classified into 15 subtypes. The histological classification of meningiomas allows us to predict meningioma behavior and the risk of disease recurrence, as well as to define treatment strategies. However, clinical outcomes in histological subgroups of patients are often inconsistent with the histological grade of malignancy. Thus, a more reliable method is needed both to determine the histological subtype of the tumor and to predict the clinical course of the disease with the potential for targeted treatment.The purpose of the study was to summarize the available data on the effect of results of the genomic and proteomic tumor analysis on carcinogenesis with the relationship between the mutational changes and noninvasive diagnosis, treatment and the course of the disease.Material and Methods. Literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Elibrary system, publications were included mainly from 2010 to 2023. with the identification of articles by the keyword “genetic analysis of meningiomas” and synonyms. 550 articles were found, of which 55 were used to write a literature review.Conclusion. The study of the molecular genetic profile of meningiomas will improve the classification and establish a correlation with MRI data, the course of the disease and prognosis.

Association of PD-1 and PD-L1 protein expression with selected clinical and morphological parameters in colorectal cancers.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second cause of death from malignant tumors. Colorectal cancers are treated with surgery, chemotherapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy. PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins have recently been considered as potential targets of anticancer therapy in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of immunohistochemical expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins in colorectal cancer patients with selected clinical and morphological parameters and their survival. Ninety-eight cases of colorectal cancer were studied. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins. Correlations were found between the expression of PD-L1 protein in lymphocytes and lack of lymph node metastases and a lower clinical stage. There was also a correlation between PD-L1 protein expression in cancer cells and a higher grade of histological malignancy.

Computed tomography features in prediction of histological differentiation of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms - a single-centre retrospective cohort study.

The aim of our study was to analyse the histological differentiation and computed tomography imaging features of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs). We performed a retrospective single-centre cohort study of 157 patients with histologically confirmed PNEN. We compared the results of the preoperative biopsy from the tumour with reports of the multi-slice computed tomography performed by a radiologist with 30 years of clinical practice. Specific computed tomography (CT) features are associated with histological differentiation, such as enhancement in the arterial phase (p = 0.032), Wirsung's duct dilatation (p = 0.001), other organ infiltration (p < 0.001), distant metastases (p < 0.001), and enlarged regional lymph nodes (p = 0.018). When there is an organ infiltration, the likelihood of the tumour having histological malignancy grades G2 or G3 triples (95% CI: 1.21-8.06). Likewise, the existence of distant metastases increases the risk almost fourfold (95% CI: 1.44-10.61), and a tumour size of 2 cm or larger is linked to a nearly threefold rise in the risk of histological malignancy grades G2 or G3 (95% CI: 1.21-6.24). Certain CT characteristics: enhancement during the arterial phase, Wirsung's duct dilatation, organ infiltration, distant metastases, and the enlargement of regional lymph nodes are linked to histological differentiation.

Evaluation of the presence of Th1 response through T-bet and IFN-gamma immunohistochemical expression in lower lip and oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas

IntroductionEvaluate the immunohistochemical expression of T-bet and IFN-γ in lower lip (LLSCC) and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), verifying the presence of Th1 responses in lesions with different clinical conditions. Methods and materialsThirty OTSCC and 30 LLSCC were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. T-bet was quantitatively assessed by parenchyma cell and stroma quantification, and IFN-γ was semi-quantitatively analyzed: 1:0–25%; 2:26–50%; 3:51–75%; 4:> 75% immunopositive cells. Histological differentiation degrees were categorized as well differentiated (WD), moderately differentiated (MD), or poorly differentiated (PD). ResultsOTSCC presented the highest number of T-bet+, parenchyma (p: 0.006), stroma (p: 0.156), parenchyma/stroma (p: 0.015), with no relationship to histological malignancy grade. IFN-γ higher concentrations in LLSCC were detected in parenchyma, stroma and in parenchyma/stroma (p: 0.000), as well as greater immunoreactivity in WD and MD (p: 0.001). In OTSCC, a positive and statistically significant correlation was observed between T-bet+ in parenchyma and IFN-γ in stroma(r: 0.388; p: 0.034), in addition to a statistically significant positive correlation between T-bet in parenchyma compared to stroma(r: 0.411; p: 0.024) and for IFN-γ in both parenchyma and stroma(r: 0.775; p: 0.000) in LLSCC. Higher T-bet+ was observed in OTSCCs, although higher IFN-γ was detected in LLSCCs. ConclusionThus, we suggest that, even though LLSCC presented lower T-bet+, the favorable microenvironment in these lesions led to an expressive activation of IFN-γ by T-bet+, considerably acting on Th1 differentiation and in antitumor activity, which, admittedly, present less aggressive behavior, reinforcing once again the important role of this cytokine and its use in strategy to fight cancer.

Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.

Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma (RPS) is a rare and heterogenous disease for which surgery is the cornerstone of treatment. However, the local recurrence rate is much higher than in soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities since wide resection is usually unfeasible in RPS due to its large size, indistinct tumour borders, anatomical constraints and the thinness of the overlying peritoneum. Local recurrence is the leading cause of death for low-grade RPS, whereas high-grade tumours are prone to distant metastases. In recent decades, the role of emerging therapeutic strategies, such as more extended surgery and (neo)adjuvant treatments to improve oncological outcome in primary localised RPS, has been extensively investigated. In this review, the recent data on the evolving multidisciplinary management of primary localised RPS are comprehensively discussed. The heterogeneity of RPS, with their different histological subtypes and biological behaviour, renders a standard therapeutic 'one-size-fits-all' approach inappropriate, and treatment should be modified according to histological type and malignancy grade. There is sufficient evidence that frontline extended surgery with compartmental resection including all ipsilateral retroperitoneal fat and liberal en bloc resection of adjacent organs and structures, even if they are not macroscopically involved, increases local tumour control in low-grade sarcoma and liposarcoma, but not in leiomyosarcoma for which complete macroscopic resection seems sufficient. Additionally, preoperative radiotherapy is not indicated for all RPSs, but seems to be beneficial in well-differentiated liposarcoma and grade I/II dedifferentiated liposarcoma, and probably in solitary fibrous tumour. Whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy is of benefit in high-grade RPS remains unclear from retrospective data and is subject of the ongoing randomised STRASS 2 trial, from which the results are eagerly awaited. Personalised, histology-tailored multimodality treatment is promising and will likely further evolve as our understanding of the molecular and genetic characteristics within RPS improves.

CSIG-13. DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF INTRACRANIAL TUMORS – ROLE OF MYELIN CONTENT

Abstract INTRODUCTION Recently, tumor treating fields (TTFields) were established for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). One of the most crucial parameters defining the treatment efficacy of TTFields is the electric field intensity, which depends on the dielectric properties of the tumor tissue. In this study we determined the dieclectric properties of brain tumors by analyzing resected tissue. In GBM patients, histological analysis for cellularity, vascularization and myelin content was performed. In addition, sensitivity analyses for specific parameters were conducted. METHODS A cohort of 130 patients with tumors of different histology and malignancy grade have been recruited. Tissue samples were placed into a cylindrical cell with a known diameter. The impedance was recorded at frequencies 20Hz-1MHz. The measured impedance was translated into dielectric properties (conductivity and relative permittivity) based on the parallel plate model. Myelin, which is the most powerful electric isolator in the brain, was assessed in GBM samples by luxol fast blue staining, and quantified in a three-tier scale. To assess the impact of tissue conditions on the measurements, probes were warmed to 35 degree Celsius, dehydrated or irrigated with 0.9% saline solution. RESULTS We found significant differences between the conductivity of different types of tumors with meningiomas showing the lowest and GBM tissue exhibiting the highest conductivity values. GBM samples with very high median conductivity values displayed a consistently lower myelin content. In addition, GBM patients with particularly high conductivity had a significantly shorter overall survival (log rank analysis, p = 0.024). While tissue temperature had no detectable effects on the dielectric properties in GBM, saline irrigation tissue hydration significantly affected the results. CONCLUSION The dielectric properties of intracranial tumors depend on histological class and malignancy grade. GBM patients with high conductivity values showed a significantly poorer prognosis, indicating this parameter as potential marker for TTF efficacy.

P02.06.B DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF INTRACRANIAL TUMORS

Abstract BACKGROUND Recently, tumor treating fields (TTFields) were established for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). One of the most crucial parameters defining the treatment efficacy of TTFields is the electric field intensity, which depends on the dielectric properties of the tumor tissue. In this study we determined the dieclectric properties of brain tumors by analyzing resected tissue following a fast acquisition protocol. In GBM patients, histological analysis for cellularity, vascularization and myelin content was performed. In addition, sensitivity analyses for specific parameters (tissue hydration, temperature, and saline irrigation) were conducted. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cohort of 130 patients with tumors of different histology and malignancy grade have been recruited (meningioma: n=36; brain metastases n=29; low grade glioma n=7; anaplastic glioma = 12; other= 7; glioblastoma n=39, all treated with TTFields). Tissue samples were placed into a cylindrical cell with a known diameter. The impedance was recorded at frequencies 20Hz-1MHz using a software specifically developed for this study. The measured impedance was translated into dielectric properties of the sample (conductivity and relative permittivity) based on the parallel plate model. Myelin, which is the most powerful electric isolator in the brain, was assessed in GBM samples by luxol fast blue staining, and quantified in a three-tier scale. To assess the impact of tissue conditions on the measurements, probes were warmed to 35 degree Celsius, dehydrated or irrigated with 0.9% saline solution. RESULTS We found significant differences between the conductivity of different types of tumors with meningiomas showing the lowest and GBM tissue exhibiting the highest conductivity values. GBM samples with very high median conductivity values displayed a consistently lower myelin content. In addition, GBM patients with particularly high conductivity had a significantly shorter overall survival (log rank analysis, p = 0.024). While tissue temperature had no detectable effects on the dielectric properties in GBM, saline irrigation tissue hydration significantly affected the results. CONCLUSION The dielectric properties of intracranial tumors depend on histological class and malignancy grade. GBM patients with high conductivity values showed a significantly poorer prognosis, indicating this parameter as potential marker for TTF efficacy.

Direct Patlak Reconstruction of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET for the Evaluation of Primary Prostate Cancer Prior Total Prostatectomy: Results of a Pilot Study.

To investigate the use of kinetic parameters derived from direct Patlak reconstructions of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to predict the histological grade of malignancy of the primary tumor of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Thirteen patients (mean age 66 ± 10 years) with a primary, therapy-naïve PCa (median PSA 9.3 [range: 6.3-130 µg/L]) prior radical prostatectomy, were recruited in this exploratory prospective study. A dynamic whole-body [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan was performed for all patients. Measured quantification parameters included Patlak slope (Ki: absolute rate of tracer consumption) and Patlak intercept (Vb: degree of tracer perfusion in the tumor). Additionally, the mean and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmean and SUVmax) of the tumor were determined from a static PET 60 min post tracer injection. In every patient, initial PSA (iPSA) values that were also the PSA level at the time of the examination and final histology results with Gleason score (GS) grading were correlated with the quantitative readouts. Collectively, 20 individual malignant prostate lesions were ascertained and histologically graded for GS with ISUP classification. Six lesions were classified as ISUP 5, two as ISUP 4, eight as ISUP 3, and four as ISUP 2. In both static and dynamic PET/CT imaging, the prostate lesions could be visually distinguished from the background. The average values of the SUVmean, slope, and intercept of the background were 2.4 (±0.4), 0.015 1/min (±0.006), and 52% (±12), respectively. These were significantly lower than the corresponding parameters extracted from the prostate lesions (all p < 0.01). No significant differences were found between these values and the various GS and ISUP (all p > 0.05). Spearman correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between static and dynamic PET/CT parameters (all r ≥ 0.70, p < 0.01). Both GS and ISUP grading revealed only weak correlations with the mean and maximum SUV and tumor-to-background ratio derived from static images and dynamic Patlak slope. The iPSA demonstrated no significant correlation with GS and ISUP grading or with dynamic and static PET parameter values. In this cohort of mainly high-risk PCa, no significant correlation between [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 perfusion and consumption and the aggressiveness of the primary tumor was observed. This suggests that the association between SUV values and GS may be more distinctive when distinguishing clinically relevant from clinically non-relevant PCa.

BCL11A Expression in Breast Cancer

B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 11A (BCL11A) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in cell division or apoptosis. A link between high BCL11A expression and a worse prognosis has been demonstrated in patients with various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of BCL11A in breast cancer (BC) cases and mastopathy samples and to correlate the results with the clinicopathological data. The expression of the BCL11A protein was investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 200 cases of BC and 13 mastopathy samples. The level of BCL11A mRNA was determined using real-time PCR in 22 cases of BC and 6 mastopathy samples. The expression of BCL11A was also examined at the protein and mRNA levels in BC cell lines. A higher expression level of BCL11A in BC cases was shown compared to mastopathy samples. The expression level of BCL11A in BC cases and in the studied cell lines decreased with the increasing grade of histological malignancy (G). It was also negatively correlated with the primary tumor size. A significantly lower expression of BCL11A was found in BC that did not express estrogen or progesterone receptors and in triple-negative cases. The results of our research suggest that BCL11A may be relevant in the development of BC.

Evaluating the Histologic Grade of Digital Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Dogs and Copy Number Variation of KIT Ligand—A Correlation Study

Dark-haired dogs are predisposed to the development of digital squamous cell carcinoma (DSCC). This may potentially suggest an underlying genetic predisposition not yet completely elucidated. Some authors have suggested a potential correlation between the number of copies KIT Ligand (KITLG) and the predisposition of dogs to DSCC, containing a higher number of copies in those affected by the neoplasm. In this study, the aim was to evaluate a potential correlation between the number of copies of the KITLG and the histological grade of malignancy in dogs with DSCC. For this, 72 paraffin-embedded DSCCs with paired whole blood samples of 70 different dogs were included and grouped according to their haircoat color as follow: Group 0/unknown haircoat color (n = 11); Group 1.a/black non-Schnauzers (n = 15); group 1.b/black Schnauzers (n = 33); group 1.c/black and tan dogs (n = 7); group 2/tan animals (n = 4). The DSCCs were histologically graded. Additionally, KITLG Copy Number Variation (CNV) was determined by ddPCR. A significant correlation was observed between KITLG copy number and the histological grade and score value. This finding may suggest a possible factor for the development of canine DSCC, thus potentially having an impact on personalized veterinary oncological strategies and breeding programs.

Zinc-finger protein CXXC5 promotes breast carcinogenesis by regulating the TSC1/mTOR signaling pathway

CXXC5, a member of the CXXC family of zinc-finger proteins, is associated with numerous pathological processes. However, the pathophysiological function of CXXC5 has not been clearly established. Herein, we found that CXXC5 interacts with the CRL4B and NuRD complexes. Screening of transcriptional targets downstream of the CXXC5-CRL4B-NuRD complex by next-generation sequencing (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) revealed that the complex regulates the transcriptional repression process of a cohort of genes, including TSC1 (tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 1), which play important roles in cell growth and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway regulation, and whose abnormal regulation results in the activation of programmed cell death-ligand protein 1 (PD-L1). Intriguingly, CXXC5 expression increased after stimulation with vitamin B2 but decreased after vitamin D treatment. We also found that the CXXC5-CRL4B-NuRD complex promotes the proliferation of tumor cells invitro and accelerates the growth of breast cancer invivo. The expression of CXXC5, CUL4B, and MTA1 increased during the occurrence and development of breast cancer, and correspondingly, TSC1 expression decreased. Meanwhile, a high expression of CXXC5 was positively correlated with the histological grade of high malignancy and poor survival of patients. In conclusion, our study revealed that CXXC5-mediated TSC1 suppression activates the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, reduces autophagic cell death, induces PD-L1-mediated immune suppression, and results in tumor development, shedding light on the mechanism of the pathophysiological function of CXXC5.

Histomorphological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma and their relation with prognosis of the disease

The key to wealth is health but in present days cancer is going to exhaust mental, physical and economic conditions. Oral Cancer is the 6 most common cancer worldwide. Approximately 630,000 new patients diagnosed annually resulting in more than 350,000 deaths every year. Squamous cell carcinoma is by far the most important and the most common malignant mucosal neoplasm of the head and neck accounting for over 90% of all malignancies.Histomorphological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their relation with the pathological prognostic factors i.e. histological stage and grade of malignancy is the key feature, which help early and easy prognosis of OSCC. :To study the histomorphological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma and their relation with the pathological prognostic factors i.e. histological stage and grade of malignancy. Recent reports suggest an increase in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequency. To improve programs in public health, it is necessary to understand the epidemiological conditions. A retrospective review of all OSCC cases diagnosed by the Pathology Department was performed. Demographic data, in addition to anatomic zone and histological degree of differentiation were obtained. Central tendency, dispersion and prevalence rate per 100,000 individuals were determined. A total of 150 patients were diagnosed with OSCC and majority of them were men 118(79%) were men. OSCC were predominantly observed in the age of 40-60 years. The predominant anatomic zone was the Buccal mucosa, GBS, Angle of Mouth 99(66%), followed by the tongue and lip 42(28%) and Retromolar Triagone 09(06%).The most frequent histological degree was well differentiated in 110 cases (73.3%). The rates of OSCC prevalence showed similar patterns in terms across time.

Immunoexpression of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes(TILS) CD4 + and CD8 + in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in Correlations with Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis

This study aimed to analyze CD4 +and CD8 + TILs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to correlate it with histologic grade of malignancy and clinicopathologic data. The sample was composed of 43 archived specimens. Clinical features and histological grade of malignancy were obtained. The infiltrating intensity of CD4 +, CD8 positive cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. One-way ANOVA was used to study the association between CD4 +, CD8 + and the grade of OSCC. The cut-off values of the proposed diagnostic indices were received from calculating the coordinates of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. For clinicopathologic data Independent-Samples T test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Correlation Coefficient were used clinicopathologic characteristics. CD4 +and CD8 + were observed in all specimens. CD4 + were more frequent in poorly differentiated specimens (74.14) (P= 0.021<0.05). CD8 + were more frequent in well- differentiated specimens (51.18). None of these correlations were significant (P=0.454>0.05). CD4 +/ CD8 ratio was higher in low-grade specimens (180.28) (P=0.017<0.05). No differences between CD4 +, CD8 +and CD4 +/ CD8 ratio between poorly- differentiated and moderately- differentiated groups ROC P value (0.370, 0.248, 0.126) respectively. there is a difference between CD4 +, CD4 +/ CD8ratio between poorly- differentiated and well- differentiated groups ROC P value (0.022, 0.341, 0.012) Sensitivity (0.857, 0.882), specificity (0.706, 0.857) respectively. and no differences between CD8 + poorly- differentiated and well- differentiated groups ROC P value (0.341). there is a difference between CD4 + between moderately - differentiated and well- differentiated groups ROC P value (0.038) Sensitivity (0.368), specificity (0,765). No significant correlation was obtained with clinicopathologic findings of OSCC. CD4 + and CD4 +/ CD8 + ratio are independent prognostic factor in OSCC.

Immunoexpression of tumor suppressor protein p53 and deubiquitinating enzymes in oral squamous cell carcinoma

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is regulated by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which include the complex Ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) and WD40 repeat-containing protein 48 (WDR48). In normal conditions, these proteins contribute to genome integrity by regulating the DNA repair pathways. However, studies have associated abnormalities in this complex with the pathogenesis of cancer. Simultaneously, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 is also regulated by ubiquitin-dependent degradation and its overexpression suggests that several DUBs are interacting and deubiquitinating this protein. Objective: To evaluate the immunoexpression of p53, USP1, and WDR48 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Material and methods: Thirty cases of OSCC and 40 non-neoplastic oral epithelium (NNOE, control group) were selected for immunohistochemical investigation. The histopathological classification was performed using H&amp;E-stained sections. Values were statistically analyzed using the non-parametric test Kruskal Wallis. Results: Higher positivity of the markers was found in OSCC (p53:65%; USP1:96.4%; WDR48: 68.9%) than in NNOE (p53:35.1%; USP1:85%; WDR48: 65.2%). Poorly-differentiated cases of OSCC exhibited higher nuclear immunostaining of all proteins when compared with well-differentiated samples. Conclusion: This is a pioneer study and suggests that p53 and deubiquitinating enzymes (USP1 and WDR48) can affect the biological behavior of OSCC as they are related to the tumor development and histological malignancy grading.

Common Subtype of Small Renal Mass MR Imaging Characterisation: A Medical Center Experience in Taiwan

PurposeMany studies have shown that multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be helpful for differentiating malignant renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) from benign lesions. However, the key imaging characteristics that differ between malignant and benign tumors still require further discussion.MethodsWe analyzed 60 adult patients diagnosed with 72 small renal masses (SRMs) who received preoperative MRI from 2014 to 2019 at a hospital in Taiwan. The MRI features included conventional MRI parameters, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) patterns, which were documented and compared among the four common subtypes: clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC (pRCC), angiomyolipoma (AML) and other types of RCC. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of high- and low-grade RCCs were also analyzed.ResultsThe results show that ccRCC had higher T2-weighted signal intensity than the other three subgroups, a higher arterial wash-in index (AWI) and ADC value than AML and pRCC, and manifested a plateau (n = 9, 25%) or washout (n = 27, 75%) enhancement pattern. AMLs exhibited more intravoxel fat than the other three subtype groups, and half of the AMLs (6 in 12) contained bulk fat. pRCC demonstrated a more progressive (n = 3, 60%) enhancement pattern than the other three subgroups. The ADC value of high-grade RCCs was significantly lower than that of low-grade RCCs.ConclusionThese findings may indicate that multiparametric MRI is useful in differentiating among four common pathological types of SRMs, and the ADC value may be helpful in evaluating the histological grade of malignancy.

Study on histopathological subtypes and grading of canine mammary tumours

The incidence of mammary neoplasms is more in dogs when compared to other animals. Mammary neoplasms are among the most prevalent type of tumours in bitches, followed by skin tumours. Canine mammary tumour (CMT) and human breast cancer (HBC) have clinical and molecular similarities, making CMT a good model to study HBC. A study was conducted on 25 cases of CMT in bitches which were presented during a period from March 2019 to March 2020 to University Veterinary Hospitals at Mannuthy and Kokkalai. Tumours were histologically classified basically into carcinoma, sarcoma, carcinosarcoma, benign tumour and further its subtypes were identified. Out of total 25 CMTs, only one case was identified as benign, while all the other cases were found to be malignant. Modified Elston and Ellis grading method was used for histological malignancy grading of CMT. Histological malignancy grading done in 23 cases revealed grade I (30.43 per cent), grade II (60.87 per cent) and grade III (8.7 per cent) malignancy. Sixty-five per cent of simple carcinomas, which included ductal carcinoma, tubulo-papillary carcinoma, solid carcinoma, comedocarcinoma and cribriform carcinoma, were either grade II or III, while all the mixed tumours were grade II. The present study revealed that histological malignancy grading could be used as a tool for predicting prognosis of CMT.