Histological Composition Research Articles

Ascorbic Acid Mediated Amelioration of Bridelia micrantha Induced Alterations in Haematological, Histological and Proximate Composition of the Carcass of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Acute and sub-acute exposure of piscicidal plant Bridelia micrantha (BM) during fishing of Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus juvenile causes alterations in haematological, histological and the carcass analysis. The result of water quality shows the normal value for fish culture in the tropics, the DO2 level of the water varies slightly such that the T1 , T2 , T3, T5and T0 were in the normal range, conductivity followed by T2 whereas T1 had the least value for conductivity, which the mean differences were statistically not significant (p>0.05) among the individual treatments. There was severe alterations in haematology, of Clarias gariepinus exposed to Brandelia micrantha, at 0.00, 0.042, 0.084, 0.126, 0.168 and 0.21mg/l during 60days of exposure periods, blood analysis show a reduction in white blood cell (mg/l)), Haemoglobin, Red blood cell (mg/l) Haemoglobin (g/dl), Lymphocytes (mg/l), Mean cell volume (fl), Mean cell concentration, tissue analysis indicated an alterations in the gill, liver and kidney while tissue analysis reveals severe degeneration of the renal tissue with severe intra renal necrosis (TN) and inflammatory cell aggregate (IC) with tubular atrophy (TA) in some areas and carcass analysis show severe reduction in Moisture (M), Crude Protein (CP) (Mg/l), Crude Lipid (CL), Ash, Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE), and Energy (kcal/100g). The recovery of C. gariepinus from Bridelia micrantha (BM) was evaluated by exposing C. gariepinus to a 60-days depuration, on ascorbic acid (AA) supplemented diet at concentrations of 0.00, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125ml/l. After 60-days depuration some of the lesions in histological, haematological and proximate composition of the carcass attained different stages of recovery as compared to the control.

Metabolomic Analysis of Histological Composition Variability of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Using 1H HR MAS NMR Spectroscopy.

In this work, the HR MAS NMR (high-resolution magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy technique was combined with standard histological examinations to investigate the metabolic features of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) with a special focus on the relation between a metabolic profile and a cancer cell fraction. The studied group consisted of 44 patients with HGSOC and 18 patients with benign ovarian tumors. Normal ovarian tissue was also excised from 13 control patients. The metabolic profiles of 138 tissue specimens were acquired on a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz spectrometer. The NMR spectra of the HGSOC samples could be discriminated from those acquired from the non-transformed tissue and were shown to depend on tumor purity. The most important features that differentiate the samples with a high fraction of cancer cells from the samples containing mainly fibrotic stroma are the increased intensities in the spectral regions corresponding to phosphocholine/glycerophosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine/serine, threonine, uridine nucleotides and/or uridine diphosphate (UDP) nucleotide sugars. Higher levels of glutamine, glutamate, acetate, lysine, alanine, leucine and isoleucine were detected in the desmoplastic stroma within the HGSOC lesions compared to the stroma of benign tumors. The HR MAS NMR analysis of the metabolic composition of the epithelial and stromal compartments within HGSOC contributes to a better understanding of the disease's biology.

New Methodology for Non-destructive Identification of Body Fluid for Forensic Purposes

The purpose of this research study was to test and subsequently validate a method based on the identification of biological fluids by nondestructive analysis, attributing phenotypic characteristics to biological stains. Specifically, a new methodology for non-destructive forensic histological analysis using Alternative Light Source 450 nm + orange filters was developed and validated - also testing its analytical efficiency and inherent degree of probabilistic error. The validation process has been carried out through the creation of a standard database of known samples, in which were included blood-stains, semen stains, saliva stains and urine stains. Histological profiling with the observation of given parameters was included in the study such as fluorescence/absorbance, stain’s shape, intensity of the signal, concentration of the signal etc. 160 reference samples were produced, which were used as a comparison method for subsequent histological profiling activities. Through a method validation procedure developed on four different tests of the technically investigated samples, specific useful ranges were identified for histological-forensic diagnosis of the biological stains, both known in the reference sample and unknown samples. Careful observation of the biological traces revealed several phenotypic characteristics, through which the study took shape. In conclusion, this experimental work made it possible to design and validate a a non-destructive analytical methodology, which is particularly useful in the forensic field. Through this study is it possible to identify the histology of stains founded on the findings with a non-destructive analysis; furthermore it has to been specified that, according to the data obtained, it is possible to identify correctly the histological composition of the blood-stains but the histological identification of stains from semen, saliva and urine is still probabilistics.

1053 Parathyroid Phenomenon Causing Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Case for Surgeons, Radiologists and Pathologists

Abstract Background Parathyroid lipoadenomas are a rare parathyroid phenomenon and an unusual cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. The histological composition of these neoplasms makes them a diagnostic challenge, as their high adipose content leads to difficulty localising them on imaging and can lead pathologists towards a wrong diagnosis. There are less than 100 cases in the literature since they were first described in 1958, and to our knowledge this is the largest parathyroid lipoadenoma to be reported. Method A minimally invasive parathyroidectomy with intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring was performed in the case of a male with a large neck mass and symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. Results A giant parathyroid lipoadenoma was excised, with an appropriate decrease in intraoperative parathyroid hormone level observed. The patient has been cured of his primary hyperparathyroidism, with no issues following his discharge from our institution. Conclusions We highlight the importance of having the parathyroid lipoadenoma as a differential diagnosis for patients who develop primary hyperparathyroidism.

Comparative Histological study of Adrenal Gland at pre and post maturation stage in locally domestic Cats

Object of this study was to describe the histological composition of the adrenal gland in immature and adult local domestic cats. Twenty four healthy cats, as twelve immature aged 2-3 months and twelve adult aged 11-12 months were used. Post euthanized of all cats, their abdominal dissected, identified their adrenal glands and taken carefully. Proper specimens for histological assessment from glands were obtained and after fixation and processing routinely, thin sections prepared and stained. Histological results illustrated, in both ages of the cat, a connective tissue capsule encircled the gland. Two zones of tissues were represent the gland parenchyma including medullary region that hold chromaffin cells, and outer cortex which composed of glomerular, fasciculate, and reticular zones, which contain cells that differ in shape and arrangement. According to data analysis that related to measurements of basic structures of gland, it was revealed that significant differences in most them between the left and right gland as well as between both ages of cats. In conclusion, the study confirmed that the adrenal gland in immature cats showed a distinguish in formation of all basic structure of the gland despite the difference in the thickness of those structure from that of adult cats.

Dynamic Perviousness Has Predictive Value for Clot Fibrin Content in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Dynamic perviousness is a novel imaging biomarker, with clot density measurements at multiple timepoints to allow longer contrast to thrombus interaction. We investigated the correlations between dynamic perviousness and clot composition in the setting of acute ischemic stroke. Thirty-nine patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) were analyzed. Patients received a three-phase CT imaging pre-thrombectomy and histopathological analysis of retrieved clots. Clot densities for every phase and change in densities between phases were calculated, leading to four patterns of dynamic perviousness: no contrast uptake, early contrast uptake with and without washout and late uptake. Clots were categorized into three groups based on dominant histologic composition: red blood cell (RBC)-rich, fibrin/platelet-rich and mixed. Clot composition was correlated with dynamic perviousness using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson's correlation analysis. The dynamic perviousness categories showed a significant difference between fibrin-rich clots when compared to RBC-rich plus mixed groups. The uptake without washout category had significantly fewer fibrin clots compared to the uptake with washout (p = 0.036), and nearly significantly fewer fibrin clots when compared to the no uptake category (p = 0.057). Contrast uptake with different patterns of contrast washout showed significant differences of the likelihood for fibrin-rich clots.

(136) LABIA MINORA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract Introduction The labia minora (LM) is a part of the external female genitalia that varies greatly in form and appearance, and changes at each developmental stage of a woman. Its highly neurovascular nature and proximity to the clitoris allows it to play a vital role in sexual function. Along with the labia majora, it helps to protect the opening of the urethra and vagina. The perception of a normal LM is dependent on cultural and social context and influences the kinds of procedures that are done on the LM. Objective This study aims to comprehensively review labial anatomy, development, pathology, its role in sexual function, perceptions of labial appearance, and labial procedures. The goal is to understand the mechanism and purpose of the evolution of the LM and its effects on anatomical and sexual function. Methods We reviewed journal articles from 1988 to 2023 concerning labial anatomy, physiology, pathology, piercings, tattoos, and labial procedures such as labiaplasty, genital mutilation, episiotomies. We also reviewed cultural perceptions of its structure, its role in sexual function and its composition and function in the transgender population. Results The LM is highly neurovascular and engorges with blood with sexual stimulation. The structural changes are influenced by hormone levels. Perception of normal appearance varies by cultural and societal norms, influencing procedures performed in the area. Due to the histological composition of the LM, it has many manifestations of dermatological diseases. The LM is also susceptible to infectious, neoplastic, drug-induced, inflammatory, autoimmune and other systemic diseases. Limited information exists on LM piercing and tattoos. The size discrepancies of the LM may cause psychological distress, with conflicting research on its impact on sexual sensitivity or function. Labial procedures such as labiaplasty may enhance sexual satisfaction while female genital mutilation may reduce sexual satisfaction. There is a lack of comprehensive documentation of techniques of LM creation in transgender women and a lack of long-term follow-up studies post-vaginoplasty. The lymphatic structure within the LM is poorly understood, emphasizing the need for further research. Conclusions The labia minora is important for arousal and sexual function and its changes over time is dependent on hormone levels. The appearance and structure drive the kinds of labial procedures that are conducted and significantly affects sexual health. There is a need for further studies of the labia minora to understand its complexities and evolution. Disclosure No.

Hybrid Clot Histomic-Transcriptomic Models Predict Functional Outcome After Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Histologic and transcriptomic analyses of retrieved stroke clots have identified features associated with patient outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated the predictive capacity of histology or expression features in isolation. Few studies, however, have investigated how paired histologic image features and expression patterns from the retrieved clots can improve understanding of clot pathobiology and our ability to predict long-term prognosis. We hypothesized that computational models trained using clot histomics and mRNA expression can predict early neurological improvement (ENI) and 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale Score, mRS) better than models developed using histological composition or expression data alone. We performed paired histological and transcriptomic analysis of 32 stroke clots. ENI was defined as a delta-National Institutes of Health Stroke Score/Scale > 4, and a good long-term outcome was defined as mRS ≤2 at 90 days after procedure. Clots were H&E-stained and whole-slide imaged at 40×. An established digital pathology pipeline was used to extract 237 histomic features and to compute clot percent composition (%Comp). When dichotomized by either the ENI or mRS thresholds, differentially expressed genes were identified as those with absolute fold-change >1.5 and q < 0.05. Machine learning with recursive feature elimination (RFE) was used to select clot features and evaluate computational models for outcome prognostication. For ENI, RFE identified 9 optimal histologic and transcriptomic features for the hybrid model, which achieved an accuracy of 90.8% (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.98 ± 0.08) in testing and outperformed models based on histomics (AUC = 0.94 ± 0.09), transcriptomics (AUC = 0.86 ± 0.16), or %Comp (AUC = 0.70 ± 0.15) alone. For mRS, RFE identified 7 optimal histomic and transcriptomic features for the hybrid model. This model achieved an accuracy of 93.7% (AUC = 0.94 ± 0.09) in testing, also outperforming models based on histomics (AUC = 0.90 ± 0.11), transcriptomics (AUC = 0.55 ± 0.27), or %Comp (AUC = 0.58 ± 0.16) alone. Hybrid models offer improved outcome prognostication for patients with stroke. Identified digital histology and mRNA signatures warrant further investigation as biomarkers of patient functional outcome after thrombectomy.

Making acute ischemic stroke thrombi visible in MRI imaging

Knowledge of thrombus behavior and visualization on MRI in acute ischemic stroke is less than optimal. However, MRI sequences could be enhanced based on the typical T1 and T2 relaxation times of the target tissues, which mainly determine their signal intensities on imaging. We studied the relaxation times of a broad spectrum of clot analogs along with their image characteristics of three sequences analyzed: a T1-weighted turbo inversion-recovery sequence (T1w Turbo IR), a T1-weighted turbo spin echo with fat suppression (T1w TSE SPIR), and a T2-weighted 3D TSE with magnetization refocusing to remove T1 dependence (T2w TSE DRIVE). We compared their imaging behavior with the intensity values of normal brain tissue using the same imaging protocols as for clots. Each histological and biochemical clot component contributed to each of the relaxation times. Overall, histological composition correlated strongly with T1 times, and iron content, specifically, with T2 relaxation time. Using decision trees, fibrin content was selected as the primary biomarker for T1 relaxation times, inducing an increase. Up to four clot subgroups could be defined based on its distinctive T1 relaxation time. Clot signal intensity in the T1 and T2-weighted images varied significantly according to T1 and T2 relaxation times. Moreover, in comparison with normal brain tissue intensity values, T2w DRIVE images depict thrombi according to the principle of the more fibrin, the higher the intensity, and in T1w TSE, the more erythrocytes, the higher the intensity. These findings could facilitate improvements in MRI sequences for clot visualization and indicate that T2w DRIVE and T1w TSE sequences should depict the vast majority of acute ischemic stroke thrombi as more hyperintense than surrounding tissues.

Iris freckle: a distinct entity

PurposeTo report distinctive clinical and imaging features of iris freckles to differentiate them from iris nevi.DesignRetrospective observational study.Subjects53 patients (277 freckles) with incidental iris freckles and 102 patients (104 nevi)...

Tissue composition underlying local impedance in chronic infarction: an histological study

Abstract Background Local impedance (LI) mapping is feasible and provides additional tissue characterization of the ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate. VT isthmuses are usually located in areas of intermediate LI while low LI regions did not actively participate in the VT circuit. Histological studies evaluating the tissue composition underlying different LI values are lacking. Purpose To describe the tissue composition underling different LI subtypes in a chronic myocardial infarction (MI) swine model. Methods One-month after a non-reperfused anterior MI, five Landrace X Large White pigs underwent endocardial LI mapping (figure 1). LI thresholds were set using the blood-pool LI value to define low, intermediate, and high tissue resistance subtypes. A navigated needle-catheter was used to inject methylene-blue at sites with intermediate and low LI to guide the ex vivo tissue localization. Tissue was obtained for further histological analysis. Low and intermediate LI zones were analysed. Results A total of six and eight samples were analysed for low and intermediate LI, respectively. Compared to low LI zones, intermediate LI tissue displayed less Collagen I (1.03±0.26 vs. 0.34±0.35%, p=0.0082), Collagen III (9.92±2.98 vs. 6.47±1.80%, p=0.0380) and Collagen Volume Fraction (10.92±2.77 vs. 6.81±1.92, p=0.0163), without differences in the overall fibrotic and adipocytic deposition (figure 2). No significant differences in the Cx43, CTnI and SERCA2 expression were observed. Conclusion LI subtypes showed distinctive histological composition. Intermediate LI sites displayed less collagen content (I, III and collagen volume fraction) compared to those with low LI.Endocardial LI mappingHystological analysis: Collagen Content

Biochemical Variability of Nasal Cartilages: Implications in Functional Rhinoplasty.

Nasal valve compromise is a common issue for patients presenting to an otolaryngologist. Anatomically, the dorsal septal cartilage (DSA) articulates with the upper lateral nasal cartilage (ULC). When the ULC weakens, it is prone to collapse and may result in nasal obstruction. Our objectives were to analyze histological differences between quadrangular and DSA nasal cartilages and compare histological composition of these tissues among patients with diagnosis of nasal valve compromise (NVC) versus those without NVC (no NVC). Prospective cross-sectional study of nasal cartilages from seventy-three (73) live donors. Quadrangular cartilage (QC), and DSA from patients undergoing septorhinoplasty were collected. Safranin O histochemical staining was used to observe glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content and cell count. Masson's Trichrome staining was used to assess collagen content in these nasal cartilages. Mean GAG content was lower in DSA compared with QUAD cartilage (68.18% vs. 87.22%, p < 0.0001), and was lowest in DSA of patients with NVC (59.07%). Mean collagen content was higher in DSA compared with QUAD cartilage, (65.43% vs. 46.65%, p = 0.0002), and was highest in DSA of patients with NVC (74.86%). The DSA showed decreased GAG and increased collagen content compared with quadrangular cartilage. Within the DSA subsite, patients with presurgical NVC had the lowest GAG and highest collagen levels. This observation suggests that the biochemical composition of the DSA may contribute to its weakening, potentially resulting in its inability to withstand minor trauma and/or the effects of aging, ultimately leading to NVC. N/A Laryngoscope, 134:4252-4258, 2024.

Morphometric and histopathological evaluation of modified Elnady's plastinated tissue compared to non-plastinated tissue: Highlighting its relevance for teaching and research.

The present study aims to evaluate the morphometric and histopathological properties of Modified Elnady's plastinated tissue after a period compared to non-plastinated tissue. The plastination technique is utilized in research and teaching due to the potential health risks associated with prolonged exposure to formalin. The tissues and organs are permanently dried during plastination and can be used for further anatomical, histopathological and surgical educational purposes. This method involves drying tissue and allowing synthetic materials like glycerin to permeate it. The study compared non-plastinated and plastinated tissue post-plastination to determine if structural alterations differed from those linked to plastination. The study examined the histopathological examination of dogs' skin, muscles, liver, lung, and intestine using formalin-fixed organs for paraffin embedding and previously plastinated organs for a plastinated group. The study examined non-plastinated and plastinated tissues, their histological composition and biometric parameters revealing typical structures in the non-plastinated group. Plasmodiumted tissues exhibited a compacted appearance, volume changes, nuclear clarity, and cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia, with statistical differences between the two groups. The study reveals that plastinated tissues, after 5 years of plastination, maintain their histological architecture well, with some exceptions. Plastinated tissues can be utilized in future microscopic and immunological studies and will be beneficial for teaching and research.

Clot composition and recanalization outcomes in mechanical thrombectomy

BackgroundMechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become standard for large vessel occlusions, but rates of complete recanalization are suboptimal. Previous reports correlated radiographic signs with clot composition and a better response to...

Collagen and elastic fibers assessment of the human heart valves for age estimation in Thais using image analysis.

The study investigated the relationship between the histological compositions of the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves, and age. All 85 fresh human hearts were obtained with an age range between 20 and 90years. The central area of the valves was conducted to analyze the density of collagen and elastic fibers by using an image analysis program. Neural network function in MATLAB was used for classification data and accuracy test of the age predictive model. Overall, a gradual increase in the density of collagen and elastic fibers was demonstrated with age in all valve types. The pulmonary valve cusps had the least density of collagen and elastic contents, whereas the most dense of collagen was found in the mitral leaflets. A similarity was noted for the elastic fibers in the tricuspid, mitral, and aortic valves. The highest correlation between the collagen (r = 0.629) and elastic fibers (r = 0.713) and age was found in the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve. The established predictive equations using collagen and elastic fibers in the noncoronary cusp provided the standard error of ± 14.0 and 12.5years, respectively. A 60.9% of accuracy was found in all age groups using collagen, while accuracy in elastic fibers showed 70.0% in the classification process using the neural networks. The current study provided additional data regarding age-associated changes of collagen and elastic fibers in the human heart valves in Thais and the benefits and application in age forensic identification.

Multimaterial decomposition in dual-energy CT for characterization of clots from acute ischemic stroke patients

BackgroundNowadays, there is no method to quantitatively characterize the material composition of acute ischemic stroke thrombi prior to intervention, but dual-energy CT (DE-CT) offers imaging-based multimaterial decomposition. We retrospectively investigated the material composition of thrombi ex vivo using DE-CT with histological analysis as a reference.MethodsClots of 70 patients with acute ischemic stroke were extracted by mechanical thrombectomy and scanned ex vivo in formalin-filled tubes with DE-CT. Multimaterial decomposition in the three components, i.e., red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and fibrin/platelets (F/P), was performed and compared to histology (hematoxylin/eosin staining) as reference. Attenuation and effective Z values were assessed, and histological composition was compared to stroke etiology according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria.ResultsHistological and imaging analysis showed the following correlation coefficients for RBC (r = 0.527, p < 0.001), WBC (r = 0.305, p = 0.020), and F/P (r = 0.525, p < 0.001). RBC-rich thrombi presented higher clot attenuation in Hounsfield units than F/P-rich thrombi (51 HU versus 42 HU, p < 0.01). In histological analysis, cardioembolic clots showed less RBC (40% versus 56%, p = 0.053) and more F/P (53% versus 36%, p = 0.024), similar to cryptogenic clots containing less RBC (34% versus 56%, p = 0.006) and more F/P (58% versus 36%, p = 0.003) than non-cardioembolic strokes. No difference was assessed for the mean WBC portions in all TOAST groups.ConclusionsDE-CT has the potential to quantitatively characterize the material composition of ischemic stroke thrombi.Relevance statementUsing DE-CT, the composition of ischemic stroke thrombi can be determined. Knowledge of histological composition prior to intervention offers the opportunity to define personalized treatment strategies for each patient to accomplish faster recanalization and better clinical outcomes.Key points• Acute ischemic stroke clots present different recanalization success according to histological composition.• Currently, no method can determine clot composition prior to intervention.• DE-CT allows quantitative material decomposition of thrombi ex vivo in red blood cells, white blood cells, and fibrin/platelets.• Histological clot composition differs between stroke etiology.• Insights into the histological composition in situ offer personalized treatment strategies.Graphical

702 Multimodal CT Imaging of Ischemic Stroke Thrombi Identifies Scale-invariant Radiomic Features That Reflect Clot Biology

INTRODUCTION: Biological interpretability of ischemic stroke clot imaging remains challenging. Paired CT/microCT imaging of ischemic stroke clots resected by thrombectomy has the potential to identify interpretable image features that are correlated among pre-treatment image modalities and post-treatment histopathology. METHODS: We performed multimodal CT-imaging and histology for 10 stroke clots retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy. Clots were manually segmented from co-registered, pre-treatment CTA and nCCT. For the same cases, resected clots were iodine-stained, and imaged with a ScanCo microCT-100 (4.9μm resolution). Afterwards, clots were subjected to histological processing (H&amp;E staining) and whole slide scanned (40X). Clot radiomic features(RFs) (n = 93 per modality, 279 total) were extracted using PyRadiomics and histological composition was computed using Orbit Image Analysis. Correlation analysis was used to test associations between microCT and CTA (or nCCT) RFs as well as between RFs and histological composition. Statistical significance was considered at R = 0.65 and q &lt; 0.05. RESULTS: From paired RF correlation analysis, we identified 23 scale-invariant RFs significantly correlated between microCT and CTA (18), and microCT and nCCT (5). Correlation of unpaired RFs identified 377 positively and 36 negatively correlated RFs between microCT and CTA, and 168 positively and 41 negatively correlated RFs between microCT and nCCT. Scale invariant RFs computed from CTA and nCCT demonstrated significant correlation with red blood cell and fibrin-platelet components, while microCT RFs were found to be correlated with WBC percent composition. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to complete a detailed statistical analysis of radiomic features across scale, and investigation of their relationship to histological composition. Our findings suggest that RFs from resected clot microCT can be used to identify strong and significant correlations between histology and pre-thrombectomy CT, with increased biological interpretability.

High thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor expression in thrombi from stroke patients in elevated estrogen states

BackgroundThe risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) associated with high estrogen states, including pregnant patients and those using oral contraceptives, has been well documented. We described the histological composition of thrombi collected in these cases.MethodsFrom a prospective tissue registry (STRIP registry) of thrombi retrieved during mechanical thrombectomy for AIS, we identified 5 patients with high estrogen states: 1 post-partum patient, 1 undergoing hormone replacement therapy and 3 consuming oral contraceptive pills. Five male control patients were randomly chosen matched by age. Immunohistochemistry for CD42b (platelets), von Willebrand factor (vWF), thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was performed. Expression was quantified using Orbit Image Software. Student’s t-test was performed as appropriate.ResultsMean TAFI content for the high estrogen state group was higher than controls (25.6 ± 11.9% versus 9.3 ± 9.0%, p = 0.043*). Mean platelet content for the high estrogen state group was lower than controls (41.7 ± 10.6% versus 61.8 ± 12.9%, p = 0.029*). No significant difference was found in vWF, fibrinogen and PAI-1 expression. Mean time to recanalize was higher in the high estrogen state group compared to the control group (57.8 ± 27.6 versus 22.6 ± 11.4 min, p = 0.0351*). The mean number of passes required was higher in the high estrogen group compared to controls 4.6 versus 1.2, p = 0.0261*).ConclusionsTAFI expression, a powerful driver of thrombosis, was significantly higher in stroke thrombi among patients with high estrogen states compared to controls.

New insights on testicular cancer prevalence with novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.

Testicular cancer (TC), comprising merely 1% of male neoplasms, holds the distinction of being the most commonly encountered neoplasm among young males. Most cases of testicular neoplasms can be classified into two main groups, namely germ cell tumors representing approximately 95% of the cases, and sex cord-stromal tumors accounting for about 5% of the cases. Moreover, its prevalence is on the rise across the globe. TC is a neoplastic condition characterized by a favorable prognosis. The advent of cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic agents in the latter part of the 1970s has led to a significant enhancement in the 5-year survival rate, which presently surpasses 95%. Given that TC is commonly detected before reaching the age of 40, it can be anticipated that these individuals will enjoy an additional 40-50 years of life following successful treatment. The potential causes of TC are multifactorial and related to different pathologies. Accurate identification is imperative to guarantee the utmost efficacious and suitable therapy. To a certain degree, this can be accomplished through the utilization of blood examinations for neoplastic indicators; nonetheless, an unequivocal diagnosis necessitates an evaluation of the histological composition of a specimen via a pathologist. TC is multifactorial and has various pathologies, therefore this review aimed to revise the prenatal and postnatal causes as well as novel diagnostic biomarkers and the therapeutic strategies of TC.

P533 Photo Biomodulation treatment in patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract Background Current UC treatment options still fall short in both effectiveness and safety. Rectal inflammation may be particularly difficult to treat. Photo-biomodulation (PBM) involves the irradiation of specific non-ionizing, non-thermal light exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. PBM has demonstrated efficacy in various dermatologic and mucosal inflammatory conditions. These observations combined with ex-vivo mucosal healing studies suggest a potential efficacy of this therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. Therefore, we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of PBM treatment in UC patients with significant rectal inflammation. Methods The PhotoPill-ProctCare system comprises a rectal tube that delivers therapeutic 850nm, illumination to the rectal mucosa, at ~1 J/cm2. UC patients with clinical and endoscopic evidence of rectal inflammation were enrolled to the study. The rectal device was inserted and activated for 4 minutes. The study included two parts. Part 1 involved 6 treatment sessions over 14 days. Part 2 included up to 6 additional treatments over 6 weeks. Primary endpoint was treatment safety. Secondary endpoints were clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, histologic, and microbiome composition parameters during and following the intervention. Results Five patients were recruited for the part 1 of the study and 6 to part 2. All patients tolerated the treatment well. Two patients reported adverse events related to intervention; these were mild in severity and spontaneously resolved (mild abdominal discomfort up to 2 hours post-treatment). Two unrelated events included COVID infection and URTI. In part 2, two patients dropped out after 6 sessions due to lack of efficacy. Overall, 4/11 patients (36%) achieved clinical remission. Response was observed in 7/11 patients (63%). Mayo score decreased from 7.82±1.4 at baseline, to 4.91±1.93 post treatment (p&amp;lt;0.01). Rectal bleeding sub-score decreased from 1.91±0.61 to 1.09±0.67 (p=0.03), and stool frequency sub-score decreased from 2.09±1 to 1±0.74 (p&amp;lt;0.01) respectively. Mean Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity decreased from 6.75±1.33 to 5.9±1.5 (p=0.02). The number of host (human genome) reads within microbiome samples (likely indicative of shedding of epithelial cells) decreased post-treatment significantly in 4 patients and did not increase significantly in any of the patients. Moreover, several gut bacteria species (e.g. Bacteroides species) and bacterial pathways that are known to be associated with IBD activity, decreased significantly post-treatment. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of rectal Photo-Biomodulation for induction of response and remission in UC patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.